VLPGO Security of Supply. Carlo Sabelli Fiesole 2011, June 9 th

Transcription

1 VLPGO Security of Supply Carlo Sabelli Fiesole 2011, June 9 th

2 Agenda Introduction to VLPGO The security assessment Costs for security 2

3 The VLPGO Association MidWest ISO (USA) 159GW Capita: 40m ELIA (Belgium) 11GW Capita: 11m PJM (USA) 165GW Capita: 51m National Grid (UK) 68GW Capita: 65m SO - UPS (Russia) 146 GW Capita: 144m No profit Association since 2004 SGCC (China) 900GW Capita: 1000m 14 Grid Operators represented Serving 3 billion people RTE (France) 93GW Capita: 65m Red Electrica (Spain) 93GW Capita: 47m ONS (Brazil) 100GW Capita: 170m Terna (Italy) 57GW Capita: 60m Eskom (South Africa) 43.5GW Capita: 49m PGIL (India) 163GW Capita: 1200m Tepco (Japan) 64GW Capita: 45m KPX (South Korea) 70GW Capita: 49m 60% of the world s electricity networks Focus on needs and trends Catalyst in the transition of the electric power industry to the power grid of the 21 st century 3

4 VLPGO Key Work Areas 1. Security of Supply 2. Best Practices 2. Common Approaches & Solutions 4. Smart Grids in Transmission Working Groups WG #1: SynchroPhasors WG #4: FlexiWatts WG #2: Enhanced Security WG #5: HVDC WG #3: Integration of Renewables WG#6: PHEVs WG #7: Storage Joint Projects JP #1: Visualisation Work Streams WS #1: Smart Grids WS #2: Key Performance Indicators 4

5 Agenda Introduction to VLPGO The security assessment Early position The work done Costs for security 5

6 The Security Assessment The very early analysis Remarkable improvements of fast growing large GOs e.g. loss of stability from 19 times in the 80-ies to 0 Mature systems suddenly vulnerable Which structural cases? Which lessons to be learnt? The earliest position on Structural causes of failures Separation of roles Increase of trading on traditional control areas Forced underinvestments on the transmission infrastructure Neither prejudice nor reluctance towards the new structure of the electricity industry 6

7 The Security Assessment Achievements Cascading Failures prevention Security criteria and practices Technology available for system security System restoration and practices Power System Vulnerability Self Healing on the context of Smart Grids Investments in Technology Synchrophasors SCADA systems EMS Being proactive in Smart Grids penetration 7

8 Agenda Introduction to VLPGO The security assessment Costs for security 8

9 Costs for Security Balancing the power consumption at the lowest cost without violating the security constraints is the inner purpose of the dispatching activity of each Grid Operator; 100% R S MW;[$] LOLP model. A consolidated model to assess adequacy Finding a trade-off between the operational costs and the risk of blackouts could become an issue on the power system operation. [$] C R R Costs v.s. Security conceptual model to assess trade off Security v.s. costs 9

10 Costs for Security and Incentivation Regulators incentivize quality GOs are asked to self define security standards and quality levels Regulators incentivize cost reductions Potential Risks for GOs:. Losses if challenges in incentives are purely evaluated on statistics Reputation 10

11 Conclusions Most of Grid Operators apply a conventional approach (e.g. the N-1 security criterion) in fixing the trade-off between risks and associated costs. Grid Operators need to be supported by rules to be included in the Grid Codes to limit risks of claims by external parties. Grid Operators will never break security rules because too expensive. In case of incidents beyond the single failure criterion, Grid Operators are entitled to act on loads to limit the impacts of disturbances, but to what extent is not generally ruled. TSOs are typically incentivized to improve the quality of supply and to reduce costs of the ancillary services, the same seems not to apply to ISOs or to still vertically integrated utilities. The typical target of the incentives is not to push TSOs to guarantee the electrical service at the minimum cost, rather to reward the efforts and investments done to make the reduction of costs stable. Reputation and the social effects of black-out are other important leverages to push Grid Operators to continuously improve. Renewables penetration oblige Grid Operators to evolve towards new security concepts: a low carbon society is a good driver. Grid Development is another key issue to allow the penetration of renewables. This is not an easy task for Grid Operators due to local environmental opposition. Specific legislation and regulation on the matter would be helpful for TSOs. 11

12 Major Grid Investments worldwide Italy, Electricity Hub in the Mediterranean sea Towards diversification of energy sources: New corridors from Balkan Regions New opportunities in the North African Areas France Algeria Tunisia Slovenia Croatia Montenegro Albania Greece Malta Libya Several projects in progress Existing interconnections Design in progress Feasibility studies 12

13 Major Grid Investments worldwide South Korea, investments in HVDC technologies Seo-Incheon C/C Sin-Dukheun Yangju Uijeongbu Sin-Gapyung Sungdong Migum Chungbu Seo-Incheon Youngdeungpo Youngseo Sin-Yangje Dong-Seoul Incheon T/P, C/C Sin-Bupyung Sin-Sungnam Sin-Incheon Gonjiam Seo-seoul Youngheung T/P Sin-Sihung Sin-Ansan Hwasung Sin-Youngin Yangyang P/P Donghae Sin-Taebaek Dangjin T/P Taean T/P Pyungtaek T/P, C/C Sin-Dangjin Ansan Sin-suwon Sin-Jincheon Sin-Ansung Sin-Jecheon Sin-Youngju Cheongsong P/P Uljin N/P Second HVDC Line between main land and Jeju island ( 300MW 700MW) Sin-seosan Boryeong T/P, C/C Gunsan Sin-onyang Chungyang Sin-Gimje Sinkaedong Chungwon Sancheong P/P Sin-Okcheon Muju P/P Sin-Youngil Sunsan Buk-Daegu Seo-Daegu Sin-Kyeongsan Goryeong Daegu Ulju Wolseong N/P Ulsan TP, C/C Youngwang N/P Sin-Gwangju Sin-Hwasun Sin-Namwon Euiryong In-Masan Bukbusan Sin-Gimhae Sin-Gosung Pusan C/C Samcheonpo T/P Hadong T/P Sin-Ulsan Kori N/P Sin-Yangsan Nam-Pusan Sin-Onsan Gwangyang Sin-Gangjin Haenam C/S Yeosu N/P Jeju T/P Sanji Jocheon Hanrim CC Dong-Jeju Anduk Sin-Jeju Sungsan Hanla Namjeju Seogwipo Gwangyang Steel (Unit: c-km/ substations) 765kV : 755 / 5 345kV : 8,552 / kV : 20,950 /

14 USA Major Grid Investments worldwide Grid Reinforcement Projects Several Investments for improving voltage control on the grid 14

15 Major Grid Investments worldwide UK, grid development due to off-shore wind 50GW Offshore Wind (2030) 15

16 Major Grid Investments worldwide Brazil, grid development to improve security of supply 16

17 Major Grid Investments worldwide India Creation of high capacity transmission highways along the Country from generation centres to consumption centres. 17

18 Thank you for your attention 18