Looking Back to a Distant Precedent, Looking Forward to Some Practical Implications

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1 Looking Back to a Distant Precedent, Looking Forward to Some Practical Implications Walter Archer, University of Alberta Kathleen Matheos, University of Manitoba Ljubljana, October 4, 2013

2 Outline of presentation Internationalization as a reform of HE Teaching in internationalized higher education Administration in internationalized HE Programs that might be useful Online and blended delivery of such programs 2

Administration in internationalized HE Programs that

3 Internationalization as a Reform of Higher Education Globalization an economic phenomenon affecting HE Internationalization of HE Originally (mid 20 th century) a movement toward a desired future More diverse and cultured campus climate Humanistic goals of peace and international understanding Now more an accommodation to a globalized world economy Train a globally mobile work force International students as a revenue source Internationalization gives points for university rankings One aspect of commodification of higher education 3

and international understanding Now more an accommodation to a globalized world economy Train a globally mobile work force

4 Teaching in Internationalized Higher Education Teachers and students who have different native languages have to communicate Teachers and students need a common language When many individuals are involved, they need not just an ad hoc and pair wise discovery of a common language, but a stable lingua franca English becoming the stable lingua franca for higher education around the world i.e., it is expected that programs intending to attract international students will be taught in English 4

and pair wise discovery of a common language, but a stable lingua franca English becoming the stable lingua franca for

5 Latin as the Lingua Franca of Medieval European Universities Permitted mobility of students between universities in different countries Latin was the language of the Catholic church, which dominated higher education in Europe Is English comparable, as the new lingua franca of higher education world wide? English functions alongside national languages Latin was the only language of HE in Europe for centuries Has native speakers (Latin none by medieval times) Gives a certain advantage to the 20% of speakers of English for whom English is the native language Purpose is different Latin was mainly for education of clerics, English largely for educating a global workforce 5

English functions alongside national languages Latin was the only language of HE in Europe for centuries Has native speakers (Latin none by medieval times) Gives a

6 Issues Arising from Englishization Threat to the local or even national language (Hong Kong, Milan, France, Holland as examples) Reduction in number of programs offered in other languages (including the national language) More work for teachers have to prepare materials in English Often limited competence in English both teachers and students makes classroom interaction difficult and partial 6

(including the national language) More work for teachers have to prepare materials in English

7 One Way to Address the Communication Problems Arising from Englishization In house help centres and support services for teachers and students (examples in Sweden, Denmark, Holland, others) Particularly valuable when Englishization is occurring on a large scale within the institution, and/or when there are few English trained content teachers so there is a large and ongoing need that justifies the creation of a specialized unit 7

Englishization is occurring on a large scale within the institution, and/or when there are few English

8 Another Way to Address the Communication Problems Arising from Englishization Teaching in English (TIE) programs short term, brought in from outside In ESL (Anglophone) environments Immersion situation for improving English while studying pedagogy Can observe classes being taught in English In EFL (non Anglophone) environments Cheaper only the TIE instructors have travel and accommodation costs Less valuable for improving ability to communicate in English 8

while studying pedagogy Can observe classes being taught in English In EFL (non Anglophone) environments Cheaper

9 The Nature of Teaching in English (TIE) Programs More pedagogy than ESL training In international classrooms, student centered teaching seems to work better Less work for teachers (which is good) More work for students (also good improves active skills of speaking and writing, so long as use of English is enforced in the classroom and in written assignments) The switch to teaching in English, like a switch to distance/online teaching, provides a teachable moment Enough out of a teacher s comfort zone to provoke thought about teaching Can t teach as you were taught if you were not taught in English 9

English is enforced in the classroom and in written assignments) The switch to teaching in English, like a switch to distance/online teaching, provides

10 Image taken from ARBEITSSTELLE FÜR HOCHSCHULDIDAKTIK DER UNIVERSITÄT ZÜRICH 10

11 Administrative Issues in Internationalized Higher Education Globalization is the context of economic and academic trends that are part of the reality of the 21st century. Internationalization includes the policies and practices undertaken by the academic system in response to globalized HE (Altbach and Knight, 2007) 11

12 Internationalization is Much more than attracting international students sending students abroad attracting international faculty international research It is a strategy that is mission critical to the institution 12

attracting international faculty international

13 Administrators Need Global understanding of higher education and multiple systems within each region Knowledge and skills to develop a strategy for internationalization concomitant with the academic plan Knowledge and skills to create partnerships for both research and programs 13

strategy for internationalization concomitant with the academic plan

14 Online and Blended Programs for HE Teachers and Administrators Teaching in English (TIE) programs Programs about the Leadership and Management of Higher Education, particularly in the context of international programs 14

Programs about the Leadership and Management of Higher

15 References Altbach, P.G., & Knight, J. (2007). The internationalization of higher education: Motivations and realities. Journal of Studies in International Education, 11, 3&4, Mortensen, J., & Haberland, H. (2012). English the new Latin of academia? Danish universities as a case. International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 216, pp Saarinen, T, & Nikula,T. (2013). Implicit policy, invisible language: Policies and practices of international degree programmes in Finnish higher education. In A. Doiz, D. Lasagabaster, & J.M. Sierra (Eds.), English Medium Instruction at Universities: Global Challenges. Bristol: Multilingual Matters, pp

International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 216, pp. 175 197. Saarinen, T, & Nikula,T. (2013).

16 Salomone, R. (2013). The rise of English in academe A cautionary tale. Universtiy World News, Global Edition Issue 281. Downloaded from ory= Wilkinson, R. (2013). English medium instruction at a Dutch university: Challenges and pitfalls. In A. Doiz, D. Lasagabaster, & J.M. Sierra (Eds.), English Medium Instruction at Universities: Global Challenges. Bristol: Multilingual Matters, pp

php?st ory=20130718115309353 Wilkinson, R. (2013).

Internationalization of Higher Education: Nine Misconceptions. Hans de Wit. Management, Hogeschool van Amsterdam, University of Applied Sciences,

INTERNATIONAL HIGHER EDUCATION NUMBER 64 SUMMER 2011 Pages 6-7. Internationalization of Higher Education: Nine Misconceptions Hans de Wit Hans de Wit is professor of internationalization at the School