INSRUCTION MANUAL AND GUARANTEE POLICY

Transcription

1 INSRUCTION MANUAL AND GUARANTEE POLICY FRACTOMETER II made in Germany by: IML- Instrumenta Mechanik Labor GmbH Großer Stadtacker Wiesloch Germany Phone: (+49) 6222 / Fax: (+49) Website: E- mail: [email protected]

2 i Table of contents CONTENTS PAGE Basic Equipment Accessories Fractometer II 1 Increment Borer Accessories Increment Borer 2 The build of the Fractometer II Operation of the Fractometer II 3 Measurement of the bending fracture strength Procedure of the measurement Fibre direction during the bending strength measurement 4-5 Measurement of the compression strength Procedure of the measurement Fibre direction during the compression strength measurement 6-7 Tables and Graphs Radial Bending Strength Tangential Bending Strength Compression Strength in fibre direction 8-9 Maintenance Guarantee Policy Utilization Policy Safety Instructions 10 Instructions for Use Miscellaneous 11

3 1 Introduction BASIC EQUIPMENT Fractometer II Accessories are included Accessories: Knife: Tweezers: Test Pin for Bending Angle Display: Cutting Device: Cutting of the core sample Simplification for inserting the core sample in the measuring device The bending angle display can be examined with the test pin in zero position. Insert the test pin into the bending device and link up the bending lever. Read off the value of the measuring clock device and adjust the scale if necessary by turning the knob. 5 mm- Device for strength value up to 60 Mpa 2,5 mm- Device for strength value over 60 Mpa Cutting device with knife

4 2 Introduction: Preparation for the measurement with the Fractometer II ZUWACHSBOHRER INCREMENT BORER Mit dem Zuwachsbohrer entnimmt man dem Holz einen Bohrkern mit dem With Durchmesser the use of von the increment 5 mm. Dieser borer dient one dann can take zur Untersuchung a core sample der out of a Holzfestigkeit wooden structure mit dem with Fractometer a diameter of II. 5 mm. This core sample is then used for assessing the wood stability with the Fractometer II. Withdrawal Bohrkernentnahme of core sample NOTE: Hinweis: Please Darauf achten, make sure dass that der increment Zuwachsbohrer borer is in good einem condition! guten Zustand ist, damit sie einen intakten Bohrkern ziehen können. Increment Zuwachsbohrer Borer HOW INTAKTEN TO OBTAIN BOHRKERN A GOOD ZIEHEN CORE SAMPLE The Die cause Ursache of obtaining einer schlechten a bad core Bohrkern- sample Qualität is mostly ist due meistens, to a dull dass drilling die surface; Bohrerschneide A good indication nicht scharf for a genug bad core und/ sample oder deformiert is if core sample ist; die does Folge not sind come zerrissene out in one Bohrkerne piece or oder if core Bohrkerne sample has mit a rauer rough Oberfläche. surface. Note: Die Bohrerschneide The drilling surface muss must regelmäßig be kept sharp nachgeschliffen at all times werden, to ensure damit an ein optimaler core Bohrkern sample. entnommen werden kann. ACCESSORIES ZUBEHÖRMATERIAL (INCREMENT (ZUWACHSBOHRER): BORER): - Increment Zuwachsbohrer Borer SUUNTO 300/ 400 mm lang length - Lengthening Verlängerung and und extract Ausziehhilfe support - Handkurbel operated für wheel Zuwachsbohrer for increment borer - Examination Untersuchungsstab Stick - Increment Zuwachsbohrer Borer mit with Pflegeset Maintenance Kit - Ejector Ausstoßer Der The Ausstoßer ejector drives für Bohrkerne out the remaining aus dem parts Zuwachsbohrer that stay ermöglicht in the increment ein beschädigungsfreies borer after a core Ausdrücken sample is obtained. der Bohrkerne Due to the aus Plastic dem housing Zuwachsbohrer. of the ejector Durch which das is Kunststoffgehäuse, placed over the increment welches borer über den to clean Zuwachsbohrer the inside geschoben the danger wird, of injury ist auch is minimized. eine Verletzungsgefahr beim Ausdrücken der Bohrkerne weitestgehend ausgeschlosse Ejector

5 3 Introduction THE Aufbau STRUCTURE des Fractometer OF THE IIFRACTOMETER II The Im wesentlichen Fractometer II besteht consists der of Fractometer 6 basic components: II aus 5 Komponenten: - - Lever Hebelpaar for the zur measurement Messung der of Druckfestigkeit the compression (A) strength (A) - - Lever Hebelpaar for the zur measurement Messung der of Biegefestigkeit the bending strength (B) (B) - - Measuring Kraftmessuhr clock mit for Schleppzeiger strength with tow (C) indicator (C) - - Bending Probeneinspannung Lever (D) zur Biegefestigkeitsmessung (D) - - Clamp Probeneinspannung device for core zur sample Druckfestigkeitsmessung (E) (E) - - Track Wegmessuhr measuring zur clock Bestimmung for the determination des Biegewinkels of the (F) bending angle (F) A F C E D B THE FUNCTIONALITY OF THE FRACTOMETER II For Zur the Bestimmung determination eines of the Festigkeitskennwertes strength value put the wird core der sample Bohrkern in each in die individual jeweilige clamp Einspannvorrichtung device and position eingelegt it correctly und entsprechend within the fiber seiner direction. Push Faserrichtung the central ausgerichtet. lever continuously. A force will then be transmitted to the Durch clamp langsames device and kontinuierliches the core sample. Bewegen The force des is Hebelpaares increased until wird the eine core Kraft sample auf den breaks. Bohrkern The übertragen. measurement Die involves Kraft wird the so maximum lange erhöht force bis needed dieser to versagt break bzw. the core bricht. sample. Gemessen This force wird hierbei corresponds die maximal to the measuring aufgebrachte values. Kraft. Diese Kraft entspricht dann der Versagenslast.

6 4 Instruction Manual MEASURING OF THE BENDING FRACTURE STRENGTH The Fractometer II puts bending load on the core sample that was taken from a wooden structure until it breaks. The bending break moment, the breaking angle and the fracture energy can be determined. BENDING STRENGTH Due to the bending of the trunk, tension is transmitted in axial direction to the trunk. In roots and curved trunks we will see perpendicular stress or radial tensions. The radial tension strength is the resistance, which the trunk opposes to a failure by perpendicular stress. This firmness works against the emergence of the misfortune beam break. PROCEDURE The determination of the radial bending strength takes place in the clamping device at the bending lever (Abb. 1). The core sample is clamped in Fibre Direction into the device. Then it is broken into several 11 mm long sample pieces to determine the maximum strength or the radial bending strength. With the 11 mm sample both measurements are possible. Detail Detail: Insertion of core sample for measurement of bending fracture strength FIBRE DIRECTION Picture 1 To determine the radial bending strength it is important that the fibre direction of the core sample is positioned parallel to the applied force. Core sample Used force Fibre direction Radial Bending Strength

7 5 Instruction Manual Note: It is important that the red tow indicator of the Fractometer II is positioned clockwise to the zero mark. Scale for Bending Strength Measurement (left side) Scale for Compression Strength Measurement (right side) For the measurement of the bending strength the 2 levers are pushed together as long as it takes to break the core sample; During that time one should make sure to focus on the pointer of the protractor where the bending angle of the core sample can be read of the scale. With the ring of the breaking angle measurement device the angle Measurement can be adjusted to zero (neutral point adjustment). Bending lever Breaking angle measurement device Biegehebel IMPORTANT NOTE: The pointer that measures the bending break angle does not stop when the core sample breaks; Therefore, it is important Bruchwinkelmesser to focus on the pointer during the bending process! Biegehebel When measuring the radial bending moment the core sample fails first on the tension side. Therefore the radial bending strength can be used as a measurement for the radial tension strength. The result can be read off the tow indicator. The yellow scale on the outside indicates the mechanical property in Mpa (mega Pascal); the internal blue scale displays the applied strength in Newton Units.

8 6 Instruction Manual MEASURING OF THE COMPRESSION STRENGTH Make sure that the fiber direction of the core sample is positioned parallel to the applied force that presses onto the core sample. COMPRESSION STRENGTHS During the bending, tension fracture is transferred on the core sample in radial direction. The axial fracture strength is the resistance, which the trunk opposes to a failure by applying axial stress. FIBRE DIRECTION The core sample is loaded parallel with stress until the first failure. After the first failure occurs the maximal fracture force or the axial fracture strength can be determined. Core sample Stress force Stress force Axial Compression Strength Stress applied in the direction of the fibres IMPORTANT NOTICE: The 5 mm diameter core sample should not overhang, because this may influence the overall measurement. Note: When assessing fracture strength, it is important that the red tow indicator of the Fractometer II is positioned counter clockwise to the zero mark. Bruchwinkelmesser Biegehebel Zero- Mark Strength in units of Newton (blue scale) Stability value (yellow scale)

9 7 Instruction Manual For the measurement of the fracture strength the 2 levers are pushed together as long as it takes to break the core sample; The tow indicator stops with the measured value and that can be read off immediately in Mpa and/or Newton units. Compression Strength Failure Strengt Point 3 Point 1 Point 2 Compression Failure Point Punkt 2: Optimal gewünschter Measuring Messwert Result Way Distance Weg way way Compression Failure way

10 8 Tables and Graphs IMPORTANT NOTE: The tables are only an example. Don t forget to focus on the overall structure and health of a tree! Resources for Tables and Graphs: - Different Strengths of Green Woods (Götz, 2000) - Research Center in Karlsruhe, Germany Radial Bending Strength Tangential Bending Strength

11 9 Tables and Graphs Compression Strength in Fiber Direction

12 10 MAINTENANCE AND CARE Maintenance On principle, maintenance of the Fractometer II will be carried out by the manufacturer or by an authorized service company. According to the conditions of guarantee, the Fractometer II should be send in for a first inspection after one year at the latest. GUARANTEE CONDITIONS The term of guarantee for the Fractometer II is 24 month. The guarantee is based on the condition that the instrument will be used exclusively for the purposes it has been designed for and the safety instructions below are observed. The manufacturer will not be liable for damages owing to inappropriate utilization or handling. The warranty for defects does not cover normal wear and tear (wearing parts) nor damages resulting from inappropriate or negligent handling and excessive strain that have not been provided in the contract of purchase. (Please also refer to the manufacturer s General Terms of Business ) INSTRUCTIONS FOR UTILIZATION The user accepts the manufacture s instruction for utilization, when he operates the instrument for the first time. The instrument must not be operated unless the user has thoroughly read the present instructions for use. The manufacturer will not be liable for damages owing to inappropriate handling, employment of the instrument for purposes that are not provided in the present instructions for use, and non- observance of the safety instructions. SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS The instrument must not be utilized other than the purpose described in the present instructions for use (examination of wood or material that is similar to wood). The manufacturer (vendor) will not be liable for inappropriate employment of the instrument. The buyer agrees to hand the present instructions of use over to any person whom he may lend the instrument and to draw his/ her attention to the important notes concerning danger.

13 11 Maintenance and Care NOTE: For normal utilization of the Fractometer II, opening the instrument will not be required. If the Fractometer II has been opened by any person other than authorized by IML, all claims for guarantee will become extinct. INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE Materials: The Fractometer II measuring instrument has been designed for use of wooden materials such as; trees, beams and poles. Inappropriate utilization may cause damages to the measuring system and/or the material to be examined. Certainty of Reading: The measuring results gathered by utilizing the Fractometer II system are not self- explanatory, they require qualified interpretation. Any conclusions with respect to the examined object (ex. Core sample of tree) will be left to the sole responsibility of the person who performs the examination. The manufacturer of the instruments will not be responsible for wrong interpretations and conclusions. IML recommends attending one of our seminars or workshops! GENERAL INFORMATION Concept Goals It was the intention of those who developed the Fractometer II system to design a measuring instrument which is easy to handle, sturdy, and precise at the same time. Moisture During storage and utilization of the Fractometer II measuring system, one should generally avoid the contact of water and moisture, despite its splash-proof casing. Although the main components are protected against intake of water, one should in order to avoid malfunction or failure consider that instruments are generally sensitive to moisture! Biegehebel