Laboratorio 4. Comunicación sincrónica Vía Satélite

Transcription

1 Laboratorio 4 Comunicación sincrónica Vía Satélite

2 Esquema de la Red WAN / Router 1 Router Ethernet Ethernet LAN /24 LAN /

3 Configuración de la red PC: Dirección IP. Mascara Default Gateway Router: Dirección IP Máscara De todas las interfaces Rutas estáticas

4 Herramientas para diagnósticos

5 Ping USO: Ping nombre.dominio o dirección IP Options: -t Ping the specifed host until interrupted. -a Resolve addresses to hostnames. -n count Number of echo requests to send. -l size Send buffer size. -f Set Don't Fragment flag in packet. -i TTL Time To Live. -v TOS Type Of Service. -r count Record route for count hops. -s count Timestamp for count hops. -j host-list Loose source route along host-list. -k host-list Strict source route along host-list. -w timeout Timeout in milliseconds to wait for each reply.

6 Tracert USO: Tracert nombre.dominio o dirección IP Options: -d: Do not resolve addresses to hostnames. -h maximum_hops: Maximum number of hops to search for target. -j host-list: Loose source route along host-list. -w timeout: Wait timeout milliseconds for each reply.

7 Route USO: Route Print Sintaxis: ROUTE [-f] [command [destination] [MASK netmask] [gateway]] -f : Clears the routing tables of all gateway entries. If this is used in conjunction with one of the commands, the tables are cleared prior to running the command. command Specifies one of four commands PRINT Prints a route ADD Adds a route DELETE Deletes a route CHANGE Modifies an existing route Destination: Specifies the host to send command. MASK: If the MASK keyword is present, the next parameter is interpreted as the netmask parameter. netmask: If provided, specifies a sub-net mask value to be associated with this route entry. If not specified, if defaults to Gateway: Specifies gateway.

8 Netstat Sintaxis: NETSTAT [-a] [-e] [-n] [-s] [-p proto] [-r] [interval] -A Displays all connections and listening ports. (Server-side connections are normally not shown). -E Displays Ethernet statistics. This may be combined with the -s option. -N Displays addresses and port numbers in numerical form. -P proto Shows connections for the protocol specified by proto; proto May be tcp or udp. If used with the -s option to display per-protocol statistics, proto may be tcp, udp, or ip. -R Displays the contents of the routing table. -S Displays per-protocol statistics. By default, statistics are shown for TCP, UDP and IP; the -p option may be used to specify A subset of the default. interval Redisplays selected statistics, pausing interval seconds between each display. Press CTRL+C to stop redisplaying statistics. If omitted, netstat will print the current configuration information once.

9 Arp ARP -s inet_addr eth_addr [if_addr] ARP -d inet_addr [if_addr] ARP -a [inet_addr] [-N if_addr] -a Displays current ARP entries by interrogating the current protocol data. If inet_addr is specified, the IP and Physical addresses for only the specified computer are displayed. If More than one network interface uses ARP, entries for each ARP table are displayed. -g Same as -a. inet_addr Specifies an internet address.

10 Arp Cont. -N if_addr Displays the ARP entries for the network interface specified by if_addr. -D Deletes the host specified by inet_addr. -S Adds the host and associates the Internet address inet_addr with the Physical address eth_addr. The Physical address is given as 6 hexadecimal bytes separated by hyphens. The entry is permanent. eth_addr if_addr Specifies a physical address. If present, this specifies the Internet address of the interface whose address translation table should be modified. If not present, the first applicable interface will be used.

11 Winipcfg

12 IPCONFIG C:\>ipconfig /? USO: ipconfig [/? /all /renew [adapter] /release [adapter] /flushdns /displaydns /registerdns /showclassid adapter /setclassid adapter [classid] ] Opciones: /? muestra la ayuda /all muestra toda la información de configuración. /release libera la dirección IP para el adaptador específico. /renew renueva la dirección IP para el adaptador específico. /flushdns purga la caché de resolución de DNS. /registerdns actualiza todas las concesiones y vuelve a registrar los nombres DNS. /displaydns muestra el contenido de la caché de resolución DNS. /showclassid muestra todas las id. de clase dhcp permitidas para este adaptador. /setclassid modifica la id. de clase dhcp.

13 Configuración de Router Cisco

14 Router Cisco Serie : 1 ethernet, 2 seriales (2Mbps sync), 1 async (38.4Kbps) p/ backup 2511: 1 ethernet, 2 seriales (2Mbps sync), 16 async (115.2Kbps) 2520: 1 ethernet, 2 seriales (2Mbps sync), 2 async (115.2Kbps)

15 Modos de comandos Modo usuario: Mostrar información del router. Realizar test básicos. Modo Privilegiado: Configurar párametros operativos. Modo Configuración: Configurar rutas, interfaces, etc..

16 Modo usuario Proceso de login --> Router> Router> logout Modo privilegiado Router> enable --> Router# Router# disable Router> quit

17 Comandos Básicos Help Show Configure Write

18 Sintaxis de Comandos Comandos abreviados: Se pueden tipear algunos caracteres Sh => show Deshacer o deshabilitar un comando router#no comando Errores % Incomplete command % Invalid input detected at ^ marker

19 Comando Help router# help router# comando_abreviado? router# co? configure connect copy Sintaxis router# comando? router#configure? memory network terminal <cr>

20 Comando show Muestra información del sistemas las interfaces, las rutas, etc. Ejemplos: - show interface - show version - sh run - sh ip route - sh ip int brief

21 Router# show ip route Router# show ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR P - periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is to network /24 is subnetted, 2 subnets S [1/0] via C is directly connected, FastEthernet /30 is subnetted, 1 subnets C is directly connected, Serial0 S* /0 [1/0] via

22 show interfaces Router# show interfaces Ethernet 0 is up, line protocol is up Hardware is MCI Ethernet, address is c00.750c (bia c00.750c) Internet address is , subnet mask is MTU 1500 bytes, BW Kbit, DLY usec, rely 255/255, load 1/255 Encapsulation ARPA, loopback not set, keepalive set (10 sec) ARP type: ARPA, ARP Timeout 4:00:00 Last input 0:00:00, output 0:00:00, output hang never Last clearing of "show interface" counters 0:00:00 Output queue 0/40, 0 drops; input queue 0/75, 0 drops Five minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec ---More---

23 Modo configuración Permite configurar interfaces y rutas. Entrar al modo configuración: Router# configure [terminal]--> Router(config)# Salir del modo configuración: Router(config)# exit --> Router# Router(config)# CTRL-Z (o end) --> Router#

24 Configuración de Interfaces Router(config)# interface tipo nbr --> Fast ethernet: interface fastethernet 0 ip address no shutdown Serie interface serial 0 ip address mask no shutdown

25 Configuración de rutas Router(config)# ip route Red destino máscara next_hop Configuración de una ruta estática: ip route

26 Verificar la configuración: Router# sh interface Router# sh ip route Grabar los cambios Router# write Salir del router Router# logout

27 Ping (Cisco) Router# ping Protocol [ip]: Target IP address: Repeat count [5]: Datagram size [100]: 1000 Timeout in seconds [2]: Extended commands [n]: yes Source address: Type of service [0]: Set DF bit in IP header? [No]: yes Data pattern [0xabcd]: Loose, Strict, record, Timestamp, Verbose[none]: Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 1000-byte ICMP Echos to , timeout is 2 seconds: M.M.M Success rate is 60 percent, round-trip min/avg/max = 4/6/12 ms

28 Ping (Cisco) Cont. Ping test characters Significado de cada carácter.! Each exclamation point indicates receipt of a reply.. Each period indicates the network server timed out while waiting For a reply. U destination unreachable error PDU received. N network unreachable. P protocol unreachable. Q source quench. M could not fragment.? Unknown packet type.

29 Trace (Cisco) Router#trace ABA.Nyc.Mil Type escape sequence to abort. Tracing the route to ABA.Nyc.Mil ( ) 1 debris.cisco.com ( ) 1000 msec 8 msec 4 msec 2 barrnet-gw.cisco.com ( ) 8 msec 8 msec 8 msec 3 external-a-gateway.stanford.edu ( ) 8 msec 4 msec 4 msec 4 bb2.su.barrnet.net ( ) 8 msec 8 msec 8 msec 5 su.arc.barrnet.net ( ) 12 msec 12 msec 8 msec 6 moffett-fld-mb.in.mil ( ) 216 msec 120 msec 132 msec 7 aba.nyc.mil ( ) 412 msec 628 msec 664 msec

30 Trace (Cisco) Cont. Trace test characters Char meaning Nn msec the probe was successfully returned in nn milliseconds. * The probe timed out.? Unknown packet type. Q source quench. P protocol unreachable. N network unreachable. U host unreachable.