Learner-oriented distance education supporting service system model and applied research

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1 SHS Web of Conferences 24, (2016) DOI: / shsconf/ C Owned by the uthors, published by EDP Sciences, 2016 Lerner-oriented distnce eduction supporting service system model nd pplied reserch Liyong Chen Tinjin Open University, Tinjin, Chin ABSTRACT: Distnce eduction is product of socil progress nd n emerging wy of life-long lerning s well. This pper describes the construction of the distnce eduction supporting service system nd estblishes the distnce eduction supporting service system from the perspective of distnce eduction lerners. Under the premise of considering to provide six influencing fctors--lerning fcilities, lerning coching nd counseling, lerning resources, eduction nd teching informtion, ssessment of student lerning sitution nd orgniztion of prcticl teching ctivities, this pper ssesses the distnce eduction supporting service system of Beijing, Shnghi nd Shenzhen by using AHP. Keywords: distnce eduction supporting service system; lerner; influencing fctors; AHP 1 INTRODUCTION With the rpid development of network, the distnce eduction hs become n importnt wy of moderniztion eduction. Its unique teching method breks the ge limit nd loction restriction of the trditionl teching, which is conducive to the lifelong lerning of ll the people. The competition in the 21 st century ends up s the tlent competition, nd the distnce eduction is even necessry wy to possess the competitive dvntge. For lerners, the distnce eduction supporting service system should possess multiple functions. For exmple, in the process of preprtion nd the lerning nd review, multiple responses cn be mde to meet multiple needs of lerners. From mcro-spect, the distnce eduction supporting service system is n inevitble product of eduction virtuliztion [1]. The lerner is the center of virtul eduction. In the entire virtul eduction environment, the lerner must be ble to give ply to subjective inititive to construct their own knowledge level by lerning [2]. Currently, the distnce eduction supporting service system supports the lerning exchnge, mutul ssessment nd public lerning function, with wek pertinence for individulized lerning. The min reson is tht the system s bility to identify informtion resources is not enough; unique knowledge resources re generted in the individul lerning process, while they could not be used effectively [3]. Since the lte 1990s, Chin begn to implement the distnce eduction nd it s continued until now. Currently, the territoril scope of distnce eduction hs covered the whole country. The distnce eduction supporting system is support to improve the teching efficiency. Under the premise of seprtion between teching behvior nd lerning behvior, this teching process is different from tht of the trditionl fce-to-fce teching. The superiority of distnce eduction supporting system is embodied in the knowledge cquisition of the lerner, such s timeliness nd selectively of the lerning resources nd so on. The superiority of distnce eduction supporting system is even embodied in the number of lerners. An open eduction wy cn mke students choose whether to continue to lern, thus resulting in lerning rndomness of distnce eduction students. Thus, the distnce eduction is troubled by the problem of student loss. This pper will nlyze the fctors ffecting the distnce eduction supporting system nd estblish n ssessment model ffecting the distnce eduction supporting system from the perspective of the lerner. 2 COMPOSITION OF DISTANCE EDUCATION SUPPORTING SERVICE SYSTEM The distnce eduction supporting service system is This is n Open Access rticle distributed under the terms of the Cretive Commons Attribution License 4.0, which permits distribution, nd reproduction in ny medium, provided the originl work is properly cited. Article vilble t or

2 SHS Web of Conferences composed of vrious prts. Ech module hs specific lerning function, nd interreltion between mny prts plys combined role in the distnce eduction lerning. The role of this system is to help students to do independent lerning nd interction mong the hrdwre, softwre nd opertor, so s to chieve the purpose of finishing lerning tsks. 2.1 Hrdwre prt In the distnce eduction supporting service system, the softwre section is presented invisibly. For students lerning, it plys vitl role. This section contins lerning resources, network supporting pltform nd mngement system. Construction conditions of ech sub-section ffect the student lerning effect. The detiled configurtion of ech sub-section is shown in Figure Personnel section Personnel section refers to the personnel who ssist in nswering questions for students nd technicl mngement personnel. These personnel cooperte with ech other nd undertke supporting service work for the distnce eduction students. This section is core prt of the distnce eduction supporting system. These personnel re required to support ll service functions of the system. The detiled configurtion of this section is shown in Figure 3: Figure 1. Digrm of detiled configurtion in ech device Distnce eduction requires not only the network, but lso the support by hrdwre fcilities. The hrdwre prt includes lerning center nd its supporting fcilities. Tking network clssroom s n exmple, the network clssroom is lerning center of distnce eduction lerners. To chieve more eduction, there is lso need to equip with vriety of communiction equipment, for exmple, personl computer s terminl of distnce eduction nd network server s the conveying equipment of distnce eduction. In ddition, vriety of multimedi devices re lso included, for exmple, projectors, VCD plyers nd other hrdwre fcilities. The detiled configurtion of ech device is shown in Figure Softwre section Figure 3. Digrm of detiled configurtion in ech device 3 FUNCTION OF DISTANCE EDUCATION SUPPORTING SERVICE SYSTEM From the perspective of the lerner, the distnce eduction supporting service system needs to possess four offering services nd two teching services. The offering services include provision of lerning fcilities, lerning coching nd counseling, lerning resources nd the eduction nd teching informtion. The teching services include the ssessment of student lerning sitution nd the orgniztion of prcticl teching ctivities. The service qulity of these six functions hs common effect on the dvntges nd disdvntges of the distnce eduction supporting service system. This pper will ssess the distnce eduction supporting service system by using AHP. Figure 2. Digrm of detiled configurtion in ech device 4 DISTANCE EDUCATION SUPPORTING SER- VICE SYSTEM MODEL 4.1 Principle of Anlytic Hierrchy Process (AHP) AHP [4] solves decision problems in more complicted p.2

3 SSHE 2015 nd mbiguous questions, which cn be generlly used to build model with the following four steps: 1. Estblish hierrchicl structure progrm; 2. Construct ech level of mtrix which is completely used for judgment; 3. Test single hierrchicl rrngement nd consistency; 4. Test totl hierrchicl rrngement nd consistency; The following content respectively describes detiled process of ech step Hierrchicl structure The problems solved by AHP re required to be hierrchicl, methodicl nd logicl. Only in this wy cn we construct hierrchicl scheme. The elements in the complicted issues form plurlity of progressive lyers ccording to their properties, degree of membership nd their reltionship. The elements in the upper lyer re cpble of generting dominnt role. Under norml circumstnces, these lyers re divided into three ctegories: (1) Top lyer: This lyer contins only one fctor. Generlly, it is the ultimte gol of the reserched issue, which cn lso be clled s the trget lyer. (2) Middle lyer: This lyer contins n intermedite process which is involved in chieving the trget. It my be plurlity of lyers nd contin plurlity of multilyer criteri to be considered, which cn lso be clled s the criterion lyer. (3) Bottom lyer: This lyer contins vriety of methods nd mens tht re vilble to chieve the trget, which cn lso be clled s the mesure lyer or scheme lyer. The hierrchy number in the hierrchicl structure is relted to the complicted degree of the reserched issues nd detiled requirements nlyzed, which is generlly not limited. The fctors dominted by ech fctor in ech lyer re generlly no more thn nine. A Construction of judgment mtrix The structure between ech lyer is cpble of expressing the reltionship between fctors, but the proportion of ech fctor in the middle lyer is bsiclly not the sme in the trget ssessment. In the hert of the vlutor, ech fctor hs certin proportion. In determining the proportion of ech fctor, tht is, compring the impct of n fctor(s) X x 1,, x n on the element Z, Sty et l. propose to compre two fctors nd estblish method of pirwise comprison mtrix. Tht is, select two fctors, xi nd x j t ech time. ij is used to express the proportion of the impct of nd x on Z, nd ll of comprison is expressed by the mtrix, n n is judgment mtrix between x i j Z X ij, so tht A. As cn be seen from the mtrix, if the proportion of the impct of nd x j on Z is ij, then the proportion of the impct 1 of x j nd xi on Z is ji. ij According to the theoreticl knowledge of liner lgebr, if the mtrix A ij stisfies tht ij 0 nd n n 1 ji i, j 1,2,, n, then the mtrix A is positive ij reciprocl mtrix. The determintion of the vlue of on the scle vlue tble, s shown in Tble 1: ij cn be bsed Tble 1. Tble of scle vlue Scle Mening 1 Indicting tht two comprison elements hve the sme importnce 3 Indicting tht the former comprison element is slightly more importnt thn the ltter one 5 Indicting tht the former comprison element is obviously more importnt thn the ltter one 7 Indicting tht the former comprison element is much more importnt thn the ltter one 9 Indicting tht the former comprison element is extremely more importnt thn the ltter one 2,4,6,8 Indicting the intermedite degree in the bove judgment Reciprocl Indicting tht the proportion of the importnce of i nd j is, then the proportion of the importnce of j nd i is ij 1 ji. ij Construction of judgment mtrix The eigenvector W of the mximum eigenvlue mx corresponding to the mtrix A is normlized, tht is, the corresponding elements in the sme lyer for the rnk weight vlue of the importnt comprison of some fctors in the upper lyer. This process is clled s the single hierrchicl rrngement. Although this process cn reduce the interference of other fctors, there is inevitble inconsistency in the comprehensive comprison results. If the comprison results re consistent, the fctor of A lso needs to meet:, i, j, k 1,2, n (1) ij jk ik, The positive reciprocl mtrix which is in line with the bove formul is clled s the consistent mtrix. To conveniently determine whether A cn be ccepted, there is need to verify whether inconsistency of A is very serious. x i p.3

4 SHS Web of Conferences If A is consistent mtrix, then: 1) A must be positive reciprocl mtrix. T 2) The trnsposed mtrix A is consistent mtrix. 3) Any two rows of the mtrix A re proportionl, nd the fctor is greter thn 0, so tht rnk A1, nd the column is the sme. 4) In A, mx n, where n is the order of the mtrix A. Other eigenvlues of A re 0. 5) The eigenvector W w,, w T corresponding to mx, then ij, i, j 1,2,, n : 1 n wi w w1 w1 A w1 wn w1 w1 wn w 2 j w1 w n w n w n wn (2) A is the positive reciprocl mtrix of order n. When it is consistent mtrix, if nd only if n mx nd when A is inconsistent, there must be mx n. Accordingly, the test of reltionship between mx nd n cn determine whether A is consistent mtrix. The steps of testing the consistency of A re shown s follows: 1) Clculte the constncy trget CI : mx n CI n 1 (3) 2) Seek for the corresponding verge rndom consistency index RI. Sty hs reserched RI vlue, which is shown in Tble 2. RI vlue is obtined through rndomly constructing 500 smple mtrixes. The positive reciprocl mtrix is constructed by rndomly selecting digits from 1 to 9 nd its reciprocls, so s to clculte the verge vlue of the lrgest eigenvlue ', nd define: mx ' n RI mx n 1 3) Clculte the consistency proportioncr : (4) CI CR (5) RI When CR 0. 10, the consistency of A cn be pssed. On the contrry, it shll be djusted. This process lso contins the totl hierrchicl rrngement nd consistency test. Due to limited spce, there is no theoreticl nrrtion, nd it cn be pplied directly. 4.2 Modeling (1)The trget lyer, criterion lyer nd scheme lyer re to be constructed. The trget lyer is the stndrd distnce eduction supporting service system bsed on lerner. The criterion lyer is the provision of lerning fcilities, lerning coching nd counseling, lerning resources, eduction nd teching informtion, ssessment of student lerning sitution nd orgniztion of prcticl teching ctivities. The scheme lyers re Beijing, Shnghi nd Shenzhen, s shown in Figure 4. Tble 2. RI vlue n RI Figure 4. Hierrchy digrm p.4

5 SSHE 2015 Tble 5. Clcultion results Trget lyer Totl weight Weight in the trget lyer Shnghi Single rnking in the trget lyer Shenzhen Beijing (2) Construction of judgment mtrix The construction of judgment mtrix first needs to determine the importnce of six fctors ffecting the distnce eduction supporting service system. In Beijing, Shnghi nd Shenzhen, the questionnire survey (multiple choices) is minly bsed on these six influencing fctors, nd the distnce eduction lerners re extrcted by the method of quot smpling [5]. A totl of 600 questionnires re distributed, nd 578 vlid questionnires re recovered, with n effective recovery rte of 96.33%. The survey results re shown in Tble 3 fter rrngement [6] : Tble 3. Importnce of fctors in distnce eduction supporting service system Number Percentge Rnking (%) Lerning resources Lerning coching nd counseling Lerning fcilities Eduction nd teching informtion Orgniztion of prcticl teching ctivities Assessment of student lerning According to the dt in Tble 3, combined with the principle of construction of the judgment mtrix, the comprison mtrix in the trget lyer is constructed s shown in Tble 4: Tble 4. Pirwise comprison mtrix in the trget lyer A B1 B2 B3 B B B B2 1/ B3 1/3 1/ B4 1/4 1/3 1/ B5 1/5 1/4 1/3 1/ /6 1/5 1/4 1/3 1/2 1 The comprison mtrix in the scheme lyer is compred with severl schemes under one influencing fctor. Becuse the mtrix construction method here is the sme with the forementioned, the detil is omitted. (3) The clcultion process described bove cn be clculted nd progrmed by Mtlb, nd the clcultion results re shown in Tble 5. As cn be seen from Tble 5, the lerner hs reltively high stisfction with the distnce eduction supporting service system in Shnghi, followed by Beijing nd Shenzhen. As one of Chin s foreign exchnge windows, Shnghi hs rpid socil development nd fierce competition, which is more conducive to forming good hbit of lifelong lerning for people. Under the premise of expnding the demnd for distnce eduction, the distnce eduction supporting service system in Shnghi will be better. 5 CONCLUSION AHP is kind of mthemticl lgorithm, which is cpble of combining with quntittive nd qulittive nlysis of the issues [7]. This pper estblishes the model bsed on the distnce eduction supporting service system nd ssesses the distnce eduction supporting service system in Shnghi, Shenzhen nd Beijing. The nlysis is combined with the ctul sitution, nd the ssessment results obtined re reltively resonble. In the ssessment process, the weight of six influencing fctors involved in cn be chnged with different situtions so tht the model is rel-time. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This pper is finncilly supported by Key Projects in the Tinjin Eduction & Science during the Twelfth Five-yer Pln Period (No. CEXIV1003) nd Generl Project of Ntionl Open University (No. G14A0204Y). REFERENCES [1] Hu Fngng & Liu Min Theoreticl model nd prctice mode of eductionl virtul community used in distnce voctionl eduction, Chin Eductionl Technology, 298 (11): [2] Zhng Xioli, Zheng Yingli & Feng Xiuqi Design pttern bsed on collbortive lerning system of the network, Chin Eductionl Technology, (3): [3] Xie Mingfeng & Sun Xin Reserch of remote individulized lerning system model bsed on stndrd knowledge mngement, Chin Eductionl Technology, 310(11): p.5

6 SHS Web of Conferences [4] Zhou Yongzheng, et l Mthemticl Modeling. Shnghi: Tongji University Press. [5] Tn Zuxue, Zhou Ynyn & Yng Shiqing Socil work of post-disster reconstruction: sttus of role nd influencing fctors, Journl of Est Chin University of Technology, (3): [6] Chen Shengke SPSS Sttisticl Anlysis from Entry to Mster. Beijing: Tsinghu University Press. [7] Wng Xioyin, et l Mthemticl Modeling nd Mthemticl Experiment. Beijing: Science Press. [8] Ding Xin Promotion of scientific development of distnce eduction creer by cdemic reserch, Open Eduction Reserch, 16(2): p.6