Vytautas Valancius, Nick Feamster, Akihiro Nakao, and Jennifer Rexford
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1 Vytautas Valancius, Nick Feamster, Akihiro Nakao, and Jennifer Rexford
2 Hosting and Cloud computing is on the rise Collocation hosting Cloud and data center hosting Different hosted applications have different requirements for routing Interactive services vs bulk transfer Cloud and hosting does not expose routing to applications 2
3 ISP1 Interactive Service Bulk transfer Cloud Data Center Data Center Router ISP2 Internet BGP updates Different applications same path Too slow for interactive service, or Too costly for bulk transfer! Packets 3
4 Multiple upstream ISPs Amazon EC2 has at least 58 external routing sessions in Virginia data center Data center router picks one route to a destination for all hosted services Packets from all hosted applications use the same path to a destination prefix 4
5 Obtain connectivity to upstream ISPs Physical connectivity Contracts and routing sessions Obtain the Internet numbered resources from authorities Expensive and time- consuming! 5
6 Interactive Service Virtual Router A Transit Portal ISP1 Internet Virtual Router B Bulk transfer Cloud Data Center ISP2 Routes Packets Full Internet route control to hosted cloud services! 6
7 Motivation and Overview Connecting to the Transit Portal Scaling the Transit Portal Current Transit Portal Deployment Future Work & Summary 7
8 Each hosted service runs its own router This router might be physical or virtual Links between the service s router and TP Each link corresponds to (and emulates) a dedicated connection to upstream ISP Routing sessions to upstream ISPs BGP for route control The service s router connects to the TP via BGP 8
9 ISP 1 ISP 2 Initially, the service prefers ISP 1 BGP Sessions Transit Portal Virtual BGP Router Interactive Cloud Service Traffic When ISP 1 has high jitter, the service can reroute through ISP 2 (not possible in today s cloud model) 9
10 ~60 seconds for Internet to converge to a new upstream ISP1 ISP2 Convergence speed is the same as BGP today. 10
11 Support dozens of sessions to upstream ISPs, hundreds of sessions to hosted services Provide the appearance of direct connectivity to each upstream ISP ( transparency ) Prevent clients from introducing excessive routing instability, leaking routes, etc. 11
12 Conventional BGP router: Receives routing updates from peers Propagates routing update about one path only Selects one path to forward packets Scalable but not transparent or flexible ISP1 Client BGP Router BGP Router ISP2 Client BGP Router Updates Packets 12
13 Quagga routing suite Store and propagate all BGP routes from ISPs Isolated routing tables Explosion of state Reduce memory consumption Single routing process - shared data structures ISP1 Routing Process Routing Table 1 Virtual Router Interactive Service ISP2 Routing Table 2 Virtual Router Bulk Transfer 13
14 Reduce memory use from 90 MB/ISP to 60 MB/ISP 14
15 Hundreds of routing sessions to clients High CPU load ISP1 Routing Process Routing Table 1 ISP2 Routing Table 2 Schedule and send routing updates in bundles using BGP Peer Groups Virtual Router Virtual Router Interactive Service Bulk Transfer 15
16 Using Peer Groups reduces CPU from 18% to 6% for 500 client sessions. 16
17 Connecting clients Tunneling and VLANs ISP1 ISP2 Curbing memory usage Separate virtual routing tables with default to upstream Forwarding Forwardng Forwarding Table Table 1 Table 2 Virtual BGP Router Virtual BGP Router Interactive Service Bulk Transfer 17
18 Default routes reduce memory use from 50 MB/ISP to ~0.1 MB/ISP 18
19 Servers with customized routing software 4GB RAM, 2x2.66GHz Xeon cores Three active sites with upstream ISPs Atlanta, Madison, and Princeton Numbered resources: AS IPv4 prefix: /21 19
20 IP Anycast (Princeton University) Performance measurements Next- Generation Networking class (Georgia Tech) Hands- on BGP route control for undergrads BGP poisoning (University of Washington) Topology inference 20
21 More deployment sites Making TP accessible for network research testbeds (e.g., GENI, CoreLab) Faster forwarding (NetFPGA, OpenFlow) Lightweight interface to route control 21
22 Problem: Limited routing control for hosted services today Our solution: Transit Portal gives wide- area route control to services hosted in clouds Scalable, open- source implementation based on Quagga The deployment is real 22
23 Used in a Next- Generation Internet Course at Georgia Tech in Spring 2010 Students set up virtual networks and connect directly to TP via OpenVPN Live feed of BGP routes Routable IP addresses for in class topology inference and performance measurements 23
24 Three active sites Princeton, NJ Atlanta, GA Madison, WI Internet numbered resources from ARIN AS IPv4 prefix: /21 24
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