Rail Expertise & Testing. Your 2014 Reference Guide IS O 9 1: 2 8

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1 Rail Expertise & Testing Your 2014 Reference Guide IS O :

2 Find the latest updates to your 2014 reference guide at French Research Tax Credit Approval This publication is a work of authorship protected by copyright. Any total or partial representation or reproduction is prohibited without permission of the author, except as provided under Article L of the French Code of Intellectual Property. Any representation or unauthorized reproduction, by any means whatsoever, constitutes an infringement punishable by articles L and following of the French Code of Intellectual Property. EURAILTEST - 1 Boulevard Saint Martin, Paris, France. Siret R.C.S Paris

3 Table of contents Part 1 - Type Approval / Qualification Rolling Stock...page 15 Infrastructure...page 39 Railway Equipment...page 57 Part 2 - Measurements Mechanical...page 89 Electrical...page 107 Physical and chemical...page 117 Acoustical...page 125 Health, Safety and Environment...page 129 Index...page 141

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5 5 Editorial For the last 15 years, Eurailtest has provided services in rail testing and expertise worldwide. These 15 years were filled with events that helped make Eurailtest what it is today: A dynamic company renowned for its ability to offer the best possible combination of skills and expertise. Result of a partnership between the two main railway French operators, SNCF and RATP, Eurailtest has established itself among the top leaders of the rail testing industry - offering advanced services ranging from high speed to urban guided transport. In order to meet the growing demand of our customers and partners we have decided to offer this catalogue that will give you a complete overview of our services. Whether you represent a rolling stock or a rail equipment manufacturer, an infrastructure manager, an operator or an engineering company... this catalogue is for you: Our team is at your disposal to answer all your questions and, of course... all your needs! 1,000 customers have already trusted us. Why not you? Olivier Brun Eurailtest Managing Director

6 6 Who are we? A world leader in rail testing, Eurailtest is an independent Economic Interest Group based in Paris and working closely with certification authorities recognized worldwide. Eurailtest coordinates about ten laboratories, each of them having - in its own specialty - a very long experience in rail testing. hundreds of technical solutions. Therefore, more than 400 technicians and engineers specialized in rail tests can make you benefit from their skills and know-how. Today, Eurailtest is THE portal for accessing this experience and know-how. For over 80 years, our laboratories have performed tests in order to ensure the highest level of safety and reliability for From High-Speed to Urban Transport, we propose in this catalogue over a hundred tests and expert services covering all areas of the railway sector. However, this catalogue is not exhaustive. Given the large extent of our resources, we can offer tailor-made services in order to meet specific requests that can even be outside the usual scope of rail testing. One of our strengths, in fact, is to combine all our skills and tests... in an almost infinite number of ways. For any question regarding our products and services, please contact us by , at [email protected], or by phone at

7 7 Eurailtest figures 1,000 customers 30 countries Commissioning of over 2,700 km of HSL Over 120 accredited tests 50 fixed test benches 80 years of experience 66% of French cities with a tram or metro network have used Eurailtest services 100 consulting assignments/year

8 8 Why work with Eurailtest? You are a Rail manufacturer and you need to perform tests in order to approve some of your equipment? Eurailtest can be your only representative to coordinate the entire test campaign with the operator, the infrastructure manager and authorities responsible for railway safety. We will be happy to assist you in: - Writing test specifications - Obtaining necessary authorization for conducting tests on open line (depending on local regulations) - Performing tests and issuing test reports required for type approval - Provide Expert opinion You are an Infrastructure manager, a Builder consortium or an Engineering company and you need to establish the conformity of your infrastructure - new or renovated - for commissioning? Eurailtest can help you with test organization and provision of special equipment and provides you with Expert opinions. You are an Equipment manufacturer and you want to perform tests on your components to demonstrate their compliance with standards in force and validate technical solutions in order to commercialize them? Thanks to its labs and engineering team, Eurailtest is your representative for all testing required for commercializing your products and innovations. You are a Railway Operator, a Local or a Transportation authority and you are facing operational difficulties that affect your maintenance costs, safety or comfort of your staff or users? Thanks to 80 years of experience in transport network operation in a complex environment, our experts can assist you with tailored consulting services and testing.

9 9 OUR VALUES CUSTOMER SATISFACTION TECHNICAL EXCELLENCE INDEPENDENCE & CONFIDENTIALITY ADVICE & REACTIVITY OUR EXTERNAL RECOGNITIONS EURAILTEST laboratories are recognized by the following bodies: These recognitions allow our customers to confidently exploit the results of our services, whether for type approval or expert assessment. EURAILTEST is awarded with the ISO 9001:2008 certification for «commercialization of railway consulting, engineering and testing» by SGS, the world s leading inspection, verification, testing and certification company. This certification obtained in September 2011 rewards the implementation of processes ensuring the highest level of service in the increasingly complex railway environment. EURAILTEST has also received the Research Tax Credit Approval issued by the French Ministry of Higher Education and Research (allows companies paying tax in France to claim tax credit for amounts paid to Eurailtest) Most of our tests are accredited by COFRAC, the French accreditation body. For a current list of accreditations of our laboratories, please visit and type SNCF or RATP in the Search accredited bodies field.

10 10 How to use this catalogue? To help you quickly find the products and services you need, this catalogue is divided into two parts that are representative of our two core businesses: Part 1 This part includes tests dedicated to type approval, qualification and validation of railway subsystems. Tests are classified according to the type of product: Rolling Stock Infrastructure Railway Equipment Part 2 This part includes tests, measurements and investigations required to ensure safety, performance and comfort of your equipment and facilities. Part 2 is organized by subject area so that you can quickly find the tests or services that are of interest to you: Mechanical Electrical Physical and chemical Acoustical Health, Safety and Environment Contact address Recommended Pages

11 11 SOME : France - Type approval tests for the Regio 2N regional double-deck train (BOMBARDIER Transportation) : France - Type approval tests for the Coradia Polyvalent Regiolis regional train (ALSTOM Transport) : Switzerland & France - Type approval tests for FLIRT (Fast Light Innovative Regional Train by STADLER) : China - Type approval tests for metro car and high-speed train bogies : Italy - Type approval tests for the AGV.Italo train (ALSTOM Transport) for the Italian private rail operator NTV : Netherlands - Tests for the commissioning of the HSL-South (HSL-Zuid) : France - Type approval tests in France for ETR 500 and ICE 3 high-speed trains 2007 : France - Organization of test and measurement campaigns for the world rail speed record: km/h

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13 Part 1 Type Approval / Qualification In the first part of this catalogue, you will find EURAILTEST tests regarding type approval and qualification of railway subsystems. Tests are categorized by subsystem: Rolling Stock Infrastructure Railway Equipment

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15 Rolling stock Rolling stock

16 16 Rolling stock EXPERT OPINION Rolling stock type approval is a complex process. Beyond testing, our experts play an essential role in order to complete the type approval process. From the definition of customer needs to test results, our experts are involved in every important step of the process in order to deliver their opinion. They assist clients to identify necessary tests for the type approval They provide assistance, when necessary, for writing test specifications according to rolling stock characteristics and standards in force They help get the authorization required by the operator for test runs They make decisions based on test results obtained by our laboratories [email protected]

17 HOM-DYN-1 Heavy Rail 17 Railway dynamics Characterize, on track, the dynamic behaviour of rail vehicles for their type approval or development. ACCREDITATIONS Determine characteristics related to railway dynamics, with regard to the track, of new or modified rolling stock or rolling stock whose operating conditions have changed - for all types of vehicles (up to 25t/axle) and at all speeds (up to km/h) Develop and investigate in the field of railway dynamics - on all European networks Measurement axles for determining Y, Q and X forces of vehicles under test (with remote transmission of signals) Digital measurement system for data acquisition and processing ALSTOM BOMBARDIER COLAS RAIL SNCF STADLER VOSSLOH ISO/IEC awarded by COFRAC EN Testing for the acceptance of running characteristics of railway vehicles Testing of running behaviour and stationary tests EN Testing for the acceptance of running characteristics of freight vehicles with static axle loads higher than 225 kn and up to 250 kn EN Testing for the acceptance of running characteristics of railway vehicles with cant deficiency compensation system and/ or vehicles intended to operate with higher cant deficiency than stated in EN 14363:2005, Annex G UIC 518 OR - Testing and approval of railway vehicles from the point of view of their dynamic behaviour - Safety - Track fatigue - Ride quality UIC 432 OR - Wagons - Running speeds - Technical conditions to be observed [email protected] 18, 19, 20, 21, 44, 90, 93

18 18 Heavy Rail MES-ESS-1 Design and manufacture of measurement axles Measure wheel-rail contact forces using a specially equipped axle. Conduct finite element analysis Develop a measurement axle sensor to determine wheel-rail contact forces Modify the original axle in order to measure transverse and vertical forces exerted on the track Install strain gauges on the wheel plate of the wheelset in order to get elementary signals representative of the forces involved in wheel-rail contact - and, after processing, transverse and vertical forces Study, according to customer needs, mechanical adjustment of devices at each end of the axle (e.g., return current, coder, etc.) ALSTOM BOMBARDIER SIEMENS SNCF (world record km/h in 2007) Digital calculator for data acquisition and processing Calibration bench connected to reference standards with the following characteristics: - Vertical axis: Forces applied up to 200 kn - Transverse axis: Up to 100 kn - Wheel diameter: 450 to 1,250 mm for a wide range of track gauges Multi-channel digital telemetry system for signal transmission NF F Dynamic interaction between vehicles and tracks - Force measurement method [email protected] 17, 19

19 MES-DYN-3 Characterization of wheel-rail contact Assess the main parameters of wheel-rail contact for international type approval and control ability of the rolling stock with regard to the risk of instability. Heavy Rail 19 Measure wheel and rail profiles Determine wheel-rail contact parameters: Equivalent conicity, real conicity, radial steering index, etc. Ruler for punctual measurement of wheel and rail profiles On-board device for continuous measurement of rail profile Calculation software for wheel-rail contact parameters SNCF EN Testing for the acceptance of running characteristics of railway vehicles - Testing of running behaviour and stationary tests EN Method for determining the equivalent conicity UIC 518 OR - Testing and approval of railway vehicles from the point of view of their dynamic behaviour - Safety - Track fatigue - Ride quality UIC 519 OR - Method for determining the equivalent conicity [email protected] 17, 18, 20, 60, 61, 93

20 20 Heavy Rail / Car body-bogie frame torque Ensure that the car body-bogie frame torque is sufficient to withstand a train derailment. HOM-BOG-1 Determine the torque resulting from a yaw movement between the bogie frame and the car body (simulation of a curve) Check characteristics of car body-bogie connections (mechanical interactions, elastic restoring force, dissipation, etc.) Help demonstrate resistance to derailment Hydraulic test bench for the rotation of the bogie ALSTOM BEA-TT (French Land Transport Accident Investigation Bureau) BOMBARDIER DB SCHENKER Rail SIEMENS SNCF EN Testing for the acceptance of running characteristics of railway vehicles - Testing of running behaviour and stationary tests [email protected] 17, 19, 60, 91, 93

21 HOM-PES-1 Heavy Rail / 21 Weighing of rolling stock Characterize vehicle loads in order to approve it or give an expert assessment - and thus ensure safety against derailment. ACCREDITATIONS Determine - for all types of vehicles - the static load at each wheel, the center of gravity and the unloading rate (for type approval, modification, renovation or expert assessment of a vehicle) Two types of weighing: - Weighing in compliance with NF F Weighing performed on maintenance, construction or machinery maintenance sites Load cells (10,000 or 20,000 dan) Topographic viewfinder to ensure wheel levelling Chassis with weighing lifting equipment Movable chassis that can be installed on track ISO/IEC awarded by COFRAC ALSTOM CFD RATP SNCF VFLI NF F Measurement of the static loads per each wheel of the vehicles - Weighing installations and control EN Testing for the acceptance of running characteristics of railway vehicles - Testing of running behaviour and stationary tests NF F Rolling stock - Masses and load states of powered vehicles and coaches [email protected] See also page 17

22 22 Heavy Rail / HOM-FREIN-1 Brake testing on open line Measure the braking performance and associated forces for the type approval or development of any kind of rolling stock. Develop, validate and measure braking performance during: - Tests carried out on a trainset, a convoy or a traction unit - Slip brake tests on all kinds of rail vehicles Characterize under normal and degraded wheel/rail adhesion: Emergency brake, service brake, locking brake, parking brake Determine key parameters: Equivalent response time, jerk, corrected stopping distance, average equivalent deceleration Monitor related parameters: Pressure in brake cylinders, brake component temperature, axle speed, test conditions (temperature, relative humidity) Characterize and qualify brake parts Measure forces applied to the wheels and discs ALSTOM BOMBARDIER RATP STADLER Rouen Tramway (France) Tachometric measuring device Doppler radar GPS Measuring system for various types of parameters: Temperature (disc/wheel), acceleration, voltage and current (electric brake, magnetic pad, etc.), pressure, etc. Brake activation device Track watering system ACCREDITATIONS ISO/IEC awarded by COFRAC EN & 2 - Braking Mass transit brake systems Part 1: Performance requirements. Part 2: Methods of test UIC Air Brakes for freight trains and passenger trains UIC /04/05 Brakes - Regulations concerning manufacture of the different brake parts UIC Braking power TSI: Rolling Stock - Conventional rail, High speed, Freight wagons [email protected] 23, 59

23 HOM-FREIN-2 Characterization of wheel slide protection devices Determine the effectiveness of wheel slide protection devices for type approval or development. Heavy Rail / ACCREDITATIONS 23 Characterize performance of wheel slide protection devices during emergency and service braking for various rail adhesion conditions (normal, degraded, very degraded) Monitor and record the following parameters: Axle speed, reference speed, brake cylinder pressure, brake component temperature, test conditions (temperature, relative humidity) Brake activation device Pressure sensors Thermocouples Data acquisition and processing device Tachometric measuring device associated with Doppler radar Device for degrading rail adhesion (that sprays water or oil onto the track) ISO/IEC awarded by COFRAC ALSTOM BOMBARDIER RATP SNCF EN A1 Railway applications Braking - Wheel slide protection UIC Braking power UIC Brakes - Regulations concerning manufacture of the different brake parts - Wheel slide protection [email protected] 22, 59

24 24 Heavy Rail HOM-SHUN-1 Shunting Control shunting ability of rolling stock for its type approval on the French network. Monitor and record all parameters determining the shunting ability of tractive and trailing stock Synchronization of data acquisition systems by GPS-CLOCK Specially equipped track section in Plouaret (Brittany, France) Data acquisition and processing device ALSTOM BOMBARDIER SIEMENS STADLER VOSSLOH OP (SAM S 004) - Shunting ability of rolling stock and brake shoes [email protected] See also page 25

25 MES-SHUN-1 Heavy Rail 25 Shunting test bench Check the influence of brake shoes on track circuit shunting. Conduct, at a reduced scale, simulations of wheel-brake shoe braking Remove braking material from the disc Measure contact resistance between the disc and the roller Provide decision-making support for selecting the best friction material (for a given application) Help demonstrate the shunting ability of materials constituting the brake shoes installed on wagons Help optimize, on open line, shunting tests for rolling stock equipped with brake shoes (other than wagons) ICER-RAIL FAIVELEY FRENOPLAST SNCF UIC B169/RP 33 - Effect of composite braking materials on track shunt Shunting test rig (including 2 samples of brake shoes rubbing on a disc) Tools for measuring the engine speed, the contact force and the braking torque 2 embedded thermocouples [email protected] See also page 24

26 26 Heavy Rail / Electromagnetic compatibility of rolling stock Check, for the type approval process of a train, that electrical signals generated by the train are compatible with signalling, telecommunications, substations and overhead lines. HOM-CEM-1 Carry out dynamic tests, on trains or at standstill, during development or qualification of trains or components Determine, in real time, current - Generated by rolling stock - That can interfere with signalling Determine psophometric intensity Ensure coordination between traction units and fixed installations used for electric traction: Power factor, power consumption, inrush current, peak voltage value, etc. Single-phase or DC power supply, high potential QMR-7 Data acquisition devices (up to 1 MHz) Voltage and current sensors, singlephase and DC (up to 20 khz) ACCREDITATIONS ISO/IEC awarded by COFRAC ALSTOM ANSALDO BREDA BOMBARDIER RATP SIEMENS STADLER EN Compatibility between rolling stock and train detection systems EN Electromagnetic compatibility Part 3-1: Rolling stock - Train and complete vehicle EN Power supply and rolling stock - Technical criteria for the coordination between power supply (substation) and rolling stock to achieve interoperability OP (SAM S 003) (IN 2724) - Compatibility between signalling systems and rolling stock TS Compatibility between rolling stock and train detection systems - Part 2: Compatibility with track circuits [email protected] 27, 28, 29, 50, 51, 54, 113, 138

27 HOM-CEM-2 Heavy Rail 27 Electromagnetic emissions Check, for its type approval, that rolling stock complies with EMC regulations. Measure levels of electromagnetic field generated by rolling stock to the outside world (between 9 khz and 1 GHz) Compare these levels with limits given in standard EN Spectrum analyzer Measuring receiver Loop antenna Biconical antenna Log periodic antenna ACCREDITATIONS ISO/IEC awarded by COFRAC ALSTOM BOMBARDIER STADLER EN Electromagnetic compatibility - Part 3-1: Rolling stock - Train and complete vehicle [email protected] 26, 28, 29, 51, 113, 138

28 28 Heavy Rail / Electromagnetic emissions and human exposure Check that electromagnetic fields generated by rolling stock, or a rail site, do not affect passengers or staff. HOM-CEM-3 Characterize electromagnetic fields with regard to human exposure (1 Hz - 20 khz) Measure electromagnetic field levels in all areas of rolling stock available to passengers and employees Compare these levels with limits given by the European Directive staff 2013/35/UE and the European Recommendation public 1999/519/EC ALSTOM BOMBARDIER STADLER EN Measurement procedures of magnetic field levels generated by electronic and electrical apparatus in the railway environment with respect to human exposure Magnetic field antennas Acquiris software Data acquisition board Electric field sensor Amperometric clamp [email protected] 26, 27, 29, 51, 113, 138

29 HOM-CEM-5 Electromagnetic interference Check, for its type approval, that electrical equipment subject to EMI works properly. Heavy Rail 29 Ensure the proper functioning of onboard electrical equipment subject to electromagnetic interference Measure interference levels at the input and output of the affected equipment Protect electrical equipment with filters Anechoic chamber Solenoid Oscilloscope Spectrum analyzer Amperometric clamp (HF) Voltage probe Capacities, ferrites, filters, etc. ALSTOM CONVERGIE SNCF EN Electromagnetic compatibility - Part 4: Emission and immunity of the signalling and telecommunications apparatus [email protected] 26, 27, 28, 29, 113, 138

30 30 Heavy Rail / Current collection - pantograph / catenary interaction Optimize, for type approval or development, the couple vehicleinfrastructure and the quality of current collection while reducing the wear of the contact wire and pantograph strips. Characterize and optimize the aerodynamic behaviour of the pantograph (levelling test) Measure, on the strips of a pantograph, the lift force on the vertical axis, when not in contact with the overhead line Assess the pantograph-catenary interaction, by measuring the arcs and the contact force between pantograph and catenary, in order to reduce incidents (e.g. catenary break) Evaluate displacements and amplitudes of the pantograph and its components Measure raising and lowering time of the pantograph, as well as the time during which line voltage is off Determine the docking speed of the pantograph Pinpoint possible anomalies on the network Record additional parameters: Air pressure on the pantograph, speed and distance, video monitoring of the pantograph, environmental conditions (temperature, humidity, wind speed) ALSTOM BOMBARDIER DEUTSCHE BAHN RATP SIEMENS SNCF Data acquisition and processing devices (real time) QMR-Cap: Load cells, accelerometers, wire displacement sensors, arc detection sensors Videonum (video camera) Doppler radar Thermo-Hygrometer Anemometer ACCREDITATIONS ISO/IEC awarded by COFRAC HOM-CAPT-1 EN Technical criteria for the interaction between pantograph and overhead line (to achieve free access) EN Requirements and validation of measurements of the dynamic interaction between pantograph and overhead contact line EN Fixed installations - Electric traction overhead contact line EN & 2 - Pantographs: Characteristics and tests - Part 1: Pantographs for main line vehicles - Part 2: Pantographs for metros and light rail vehicles OP (SAM E 903) (IN 2781) - Current collection - Pantograph-catenary interaction OP (SAM E-009) - Crossing phase separation sections SAM X Technical requirements, recommendations and best practices based on the accumulated experience in rolling stock TSI High Speed / Conventional Rail - Rolling stock and Energy [email protected] 31, 32, 44, 45, 46, 98

31 HOM-PANTO-1 Design and manufacture of instrumented pantographs Contribute to the type approval process of current collection by checking the pantograph-catenary interaction. Heavy Rail / 31 Design and validate the instrumented pantograph - Define instrumentation required for the test - CAD modelling of the pantograph - Design and develop specific sensors - Calibrate the instrumented pantograph on the test bench 3D CAD software 3D printer Wind tunnel and calibration test bench Sensors and patented systems ALSTOM BOMBARDIER DB SIEMENS SNCF STADLER EN Current collection systems Requirements and validation of measurements of the dynamic interaction between pantograph and overhead contact line UIC Railway transport stock - Rolling stock construction gauge [email protected] 30, 32, 45, 46, 98

32 32 Heavy Rail / Current collection test bench Qualify, for access to the French network, the current collection of trains at standstill. HOM-CAPT-2 ACCREDITATIONS Validate the contact strips of a pantograph of a train at standstill, during current collection, in order to ensure that the catenary does not heat up beyond specifications Test bench: Current collection at standstill Real-time data acquisition and processing devices System measuring the temperature of the contact wire System measuring contact forces and catenary voltage Ammeters ISO/IEC awarded by COFRAC ALSTOM BOMBARDIER FAIVELEY SCHUNK SIEMENS STEMMANN EN Fixed installations - Electric traction overhead contact line TSI: Conventional rail Rolling stock and Energy OP (SAM E 903) - Current collection - Pantograph-catenary interaction French order of 19 March 2012 [email protected] 30, 31, 45, 46, 98

33 HOM-TRACT-1 Heavy Rail Traction drive performance Contribute to the development or qualification of traction drives for all types of rail vehicles - electric or diesel - through dynamic testing. 33 Check traction drive performance criteria given by the TSI (energy consumption) Determine performance of a power unit: Fj = f (V) curves during traction and electric braking Determine power and energy (active, reactive and apparent) Establish the power balance: Performance, power factor, etc. Establish the energy balance Determine values of resistance to motion Data acquisition and processing devices (based on QMR-7) Voltage and current sensors, single-phase and continuous Tachometric measuring device ACCREDITATIONS ISO/IEC awarded by COFRAC ALSTOM BOMBARDIER SIEMENS SNCF STADLER EN Aerodynamics - part 1: Symbols and units - part 2: Aerodynamics on open track TSI: Energy, Rolling Stock - Conventional rail, High speed OP 9929 (SAM X 006) - Data necessary for route scheduling and determination of trailer loads and acceleration capabilities [email protected] 68, 96, 109, 110

34 34 Heavy Rail HOM-AERO-1 On-board aerodynamic measures Characterize railway aerodynamics phenomena for the type approval of rolling stock and infrastructure. Characterize aerodynamic forces on the structure of the train Characterize resistance to pressure waves Characterize, on board the train, aerodynamic parameters involved when a train goes through a tunnel Conduct aero-acoustic measurements Monitor flying ballast Carry out computer simulation in order to determine specific eligibility criteria according to TSI (e.g. pressure loads) Multi-channel data acquisition device Absolute and differential pressure sensors 3D ultrasonic anemometer Prandtl probe Device for counting ballast impacts under the car body (patented device) ALSTOM BOMBARDIER INFRABEL RFF SIEMENS EN Aerodynamics - part 1: Symbols and units - part 2: Aerodynamics on open track UIC Layout of driver s cabs in locomotives, railcars, multiple-unit trains and driving trailers UIC Measures to ensure the technical compatibility of high-speed trains Technical Specifications for Interoperability Rolling Stock: High Speed [email protected] See also page 96

35 HOM-ACOU-1 Heavy Rail Rolling stock - noise characterization Locate, characterize and simulate the noise caused by trains in order to approve them. 35 Characterize noise emitted by vehicles Characterize infrastructure (rail roughness and decay rate) Characterize rail traffic noise Investigate: Locate and characterize noise sources (power and directivity) on rolling stock - whether stationary or in motion Simulate pass-by noise, rolling noise and traffic noise Acoustic antenna Masts measuring up to 40m high Multi-channel data acquisition device (100 channels) Sound level meter system (Class 1) Sound level meter (Class 1) Measuring device for rail and wheel roughness Sound intensity probe Portable analyzer Autonomous measuring system Simulation tools: Twins, Vampass, Mithra Fer ACCREDITATIONS ISO/IEC awarded by COFRAC ALSTOM BOMBARDIER RATP SIEMENS RFF STADLER EN ISO Acoustics Measurement of noise emitted by railbound vehicles S Acoustics - Measurement of railway traffic noise for its characterization Technical Specifications for Interoperability French order of 8 November Rail infrastructure noise French order of 19 March Objectives, methods, safety indicators as well as safety and interoperability technical regulations applicable on the French rail network [email protected] 36, 37, 83, 126, 127

36 36 HOM-ACOU-2 Acoustic commissioning of light rail vehicles Verify the compliance of noise levels emitted by a vehicle with specifications and standards in force. Measure outside and/or inside noise emitted by stationary or moving light rail vehicles during commissioning or modifications of vehicles Integrating sound level meters (SOLO type - 01dB Metravib) Sound calibrators (Bruel & Kjaer) Microphone conditioner (Brüel & Kjaer) Multichannel conditioning (Brüel & Kjaer, Nexus type) Multi-channel data acquisition device (NETDB model, 01dB-Metravib 4 to 16 channels) Software: dbtrait, dbfa ANSALDO BREDA RATP TRANSPOLE EN ISO Acoustics Measurement of noise emitted by railbound vehicles NF S Acoustics - Measurement of noise emitted by accelerating road vehicles Engineering method NF S Acoustics - Measurement of noise inside road vehicles (public transport) EN ISO Acoustics - Measurement of noise inside rail vehicles [email protected] 35, 37, 83, 126, 127

37 HOM-ACOU-3 Heavy Rail / 37 Indoor acoustics Qualify, characterize and simulate acoustics inside trains or premises. Qualify rolling stock: Indoor noise during running, deceleration and stopping, reverberation time, signal audibility, speech intelligibility Evaluate speech intelligibility on board trains through the Speech Transmission Index (determined by the measurement of modulation transfer function, impulse response and values of speech level/ noise level measured or directly by pseudo-random sequences) Characterize rooms: Room criteria, impulse response, speech intelligibility, wall transparency Investigate: Vibroacoustics, psychoacoustic criteria, audibility of safety signals, acoustic characteristics of sources Simulate acoustics of premises: Modeling and improvement Determine the threshold of audibility Sound level meters (Class 1) Multi-channel data acquisition device Sound level meter system (Class 1) Omnidirectional sources Artificial mouth Calculation software for psychoacoustic criteria Sound intensity probe Acoustic test chamber Statistics calculator software Simulation software ALSTOM BOMBARDIER RATP SIEMENS SNCF ACCREDITATIONS ISO/IEC awarded by COFRAC EN ISO Acoustics - Measurement of noise inside rail vehicles EN ISO Acoustics - Measurement of room acoustic parameters - Part 2: Reverberation time in ordinary rooms NF S Acoustics - Measurement of railway traffic noise for its characterization EN ISO Sound system equipment - Part 16: Objective rating of speech intelligibility by speech transmission index Technical Specifications for Interoperability - Rolling stock: Conventional rail, High speed [email protected] 35, 36, 83, 126, 127

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39 Infrastructure Infrastructure

40 40 Infrastructure EXPERT OPINION As for rolling stock, EURAILTEST offers type approval tests dedicated to railway infrastructure. EURAILTEST experts get involved during the final stage of the type approval process, during which infrastructure is approved through dynamic testing - which consists in increasing train speed step by step. Expert opinions then allow moving on to higher speeds for track and catenary type approval. They deal with: Vehicle-track interaction (dynamic behaviour testing) Electric traction (current collection testing) Following these tests, measurements of pressure on rail structures can also be made. The results can then be submitted to other experts so as to reproduce, in laboratory, pressure levels observed on the structures according to different types of traffic. An expert opinion indicating if rail structures are in conformity with regulations is then delivered. [email protected]

41 HOM-VOIE-1 Heavy Rail / 41 Rail and turnouts Contribute to the type approval process, through metallurgical testing, of infrastructure equipment - especially rails and turnouts. Analyze - in our centre of expertise or in the field - rails and other metallic components of the track through studies, damage analysis and product or equipment type approvals Approve aluminothermic and electrical welding Monitor the production of electric welding (bending test) Codify/classify broken rails Reconstitute defects in 2D or 3D using destructive machining Analyze damage of: - Infrastructure equipment - Rail welding - Frogs Perform testing for validating electrodes or automatons Devices used for macrographic and micrographic examinations Hardness test equipment Press (bending tests) Ultrasonic control system Eddy current monitoring system Miniprof (measurement of rail cross-section) ALSTOM EUROTUNNEL RAILTECH RATP SNCF TATA STEEL EN Track - Aluminothermic welding of rails EN Track - Flash butt welding of rails UIC 712 R - Rail defects [email protected] 42, 44, 97

42 42 Heavy Rail / HOM-VOIE-2 Track components Test and qualify track components in the laboratory - especially sleepers, fastening systems and elastic components. Conduct sleeper tests Perform testing of fastening system according to standards - Repetitive loading - Salt spray tests - Electrical resistance Carry out specific testing of elastic components - Stiffness testing: Fasteners, rail and sleeper pads, ballast and under ballast mats - Attrition and fatigue testing: of ballasted track components: Fasteners, sleepers, rail and sleeper pads, ballast and under ballast mats - Fatigue testing of bonded insulated joints - Lateral resistance testing of sleepers Hydraulic pulsators Climate chamber Salt spray chamber ALSTOM CERTIFER International rail operators PANDROL VOSSLOH RATP EN Track - Concrete sleepers and bearers EN Track - Performance requirements for fastening systems EN Track - Test methods for fastening systems [email protected] 41, 44, 97

43 HOM-MROA-1 Rolling stock and rail structures Check, in the context of type approval, if rolling stock complies with traffic criteria on bridges and tunnels of a specific route. Heavy Rail / 43 Determine traffic and gauge conditions of any new rolling stock, or any new configuration of rolling stock, on the structures (bridges and tunnels) of a rail network Tools for calculating stresses generated by new rolling stock on rail structures - static and dynamic Measurement devices used at tunnel outlets and for geometric studies (Elise) Instrumentation installed on structures to assess the impact of rail traffic (during test or not) on structures Deutsche Bahn RATP RFF SNCF VOITH VOSSLOH EN Line categories for managing the interface between load limits of vehicles and infrastructure Eurocode 1 - Part 2 and Annex A2 [email protected]

44 44 Heavy Rail HOM-VOIE-3 Commissioning of railway lines Contribute to the commissioning process of the track and the catenary - for high-speed lines and conventional lines. Qualify track and catenary by analyzing dynamic behaviour and current collection (contact force and arc measurements) Arc detector on the catenary Instrumented pantograph Accelerometers for track monitoring TSI trainset ACCREDITATIONS ISO/IEC awarded by COFRAC ALSTOM INFRABEL LLOYD S RFF SNCFI TP FERRO EN Current collection systems - Technical criteria for the interaction between pantograph and overhead line (to achieve free access) IN Raising the speed limit of trains and similar cases - technical provisions UIC Technical document - Guide for the approval of high-speed lines TSI Energy, High-speed and Conventional rail [email protected] 17, 30, 41, 42, 45, 46, 97

45 HOM-CAT-1 3D Simulation of the pantograph-catenary interaction Optimize current collection as well as its various components. Heavy Rail 45 Model all types of catenaries and pantographs Develop and optimize catenaries or pantographs Validate systems during the design phase Provide effective and cost-efficient solutions in order to improve the quality of current collection Propose solutions to improve infrastructure and rolling stock components Provide customers with the simulations required for the certification of interoperability components as defined in the Technical Specifications for Interoperability Assist in designing test specifications ALSTOM ATKINS BOMBARDIER CFF NETWORK RAIL STEMMAN EN Current collection systems - Validation of simulation of the dynamic interaction between pantograph and overhead contact line EN Current collection systems - Technical criteria for the interaction between pantograph and overhead line (to achieve free access) OSCAR software developed by SNCF (EN certified) [email protected] 30, 31, 32, 44, 46, 98

46 46 Heavy Rail HOM-CAT-2 Catenary uplift Check that catenary uplift meets standards in force. Check compliance with the criteria regarding contact wire uplift caused by the pantograph, in accordance with requirements mentioned in standards and interoperability guidelines Measure and record uplift of the contact wire while trains pass by - On various rail networks: 25 kv AC, 15 kv AC, 3 kv DC and 1.5 kv DC - On 2 adjacent tracks - Up to 4 consecutive supports per track - In both traffic directions - Up to 350 km/h - With an accuracy of less than 5 mm - In all weather conditions (rain, fog, snow, etc.) Measure meteorological parameters around the catenary: Wind speed and direction, humidity and temperature ALSTOM BOMBARDIER DEUTSCHE BAHN RFF STADLER Measuring station Catiris Potentiometric uplift sensors Insulating arms for connection with contact wire Surge Reference power supply Data acquisition system (installed within 500 m from sensors) EN Current collection systems - Requirements for and validation of measurements of the dynamic interaction between pantograph and overhead contact line EN Fixed installations - Electric traction overhead contact lines Conventional rail ENE TSI High-speed ENE TSI LOC & PAS TSI [email protected] 30, 31, 32, 45, 98

47 HOM-ALIM-1 Electric traction power supply Check, during line commissioning and line modification, proper sizing of electric power in substations and on track. Heavy Rail / 47 Characterize energy parameters in substations as well as catenary power supply in substations and on track - In steady state: Commercial service and test trains - In transient state: During use of equipment and catenary/rail short-circuits Highlight abnormal phenomena VULCAIN and LUCIE trainsets Recorders and analyzers installed onboard trains and trackside SNCF Mulhouse Tramway Nantes Tramway Lyon Tramway EN Supply voltages of traction systems EN Fixed installations - Electrical safety, earthing and the return circuit Technical Specifications for Interoperability Energy [email protected] 48, 49, 111

48 48 Heavy Rail / Characterization of the traction return current circuit Check that the traction return current is consistent with studies and locate defects in case of an incident on a rail line. HOM-ALIM-2 Measure current flowing in the rails in order to characterize the traction return current circuit (1,500 V DC / 25,000 V, 50 Hz AC) Measure line voltage and absorbed current in order to characterize the influence of traffic on the line voltage Measure, at constant power, the relative temperature of electrical components of the catenary INFRABEL NETWORK RAIL PRORAIL RFF LUCIE testing car - to monitor electric power facilities VULCAIN test wagon - capable of absorbing nominal current Specific measurement devices Operators specialized in Lucie and Vulcain traffic Thermographic camera (for detecting abnormal heating around the catenary) [email protected] 47, 49, 111

49 HOM-ALIM-3 Heavy Rail / 49 Traction return current Ensure the safety of staff and passengers on the track, check there is no power loss and ensure the availability of signalling installations. Characterize in substations and on specific spots of the rail line: - Traction return current - Rail/ground voltage In steady state: Commercial service and test trains In transient state: During catenary/rail short-circuits INFRABEL SNCF EN Fixed installations - Electrical safety, earthing and the return circuit LUCIE testing car - to monitor electric power facilities VULCAIN test wagon - capable of absorbing nominal current Recorders and analyzers installed on trains and trackside [email protected] 47, 48, 111

50 50 Heavy Rail Compatibility of electronic wheel detectors with rolling stock Contribute to the type approval process of rolling stock through the control of electronic wheel detectors. HOM-SIG-1 Check that electronic wheel detectors - used in electronic treadles, axle counters and hot box detectors - are not affected during the rolling stock movement Multi-channel digital recorder Standalone temperature and humidity logger Distortion meter ALSTOM BOMBARDIER DB SIEMENS STADLER VOSSLOH OP (SAM S 005) - Protocol for testing compatibility of rolling stock with electronic wheel detectors [email protected] 26, 54

51 HOM-CEM-4 Electromagnetic radiation - railway system Check that a railway system complies with regulations regarding electromagnetic emissions to the outside world. Measure levels of electromagnetic radiation - from 9 khz to 1 GHz - generated by the system to the outside world Compare these levels with limits given in EN standard These tests can be performed at low speed, to test the effect of power stations (substation, power booster) on rolling stock, or trackside during the passage of a train at full speed ACCREDITATIONS ISO/IEC awarded by COFRAC SNCF Heavy Rail / EN Electromagnetic compatibility - Part 2: Emission of the whole railway system to the outside world 51 Spectrum analyzer Measuring receiver Loop antenna Biconical antenna Log periodic antenna Masts [email protected] 26, 27, 28, 29, 113, 138

52 52 Heavy Rail Qualification of gsm-r network for etcs level 2 HOM-ERTMS-1 Qualify GSM-R network and assess its compatibility with the operational requirements of ETCS Level 2 (ERTMS). Measure transmission errors in a specific environment Qualify call setup performance Compile availability measure and disconnection rates Assess functioning of the GSM-R network, redundancy and mobility in an environment with dual coverage Define the optimization plan COBRA EIFFAGE RFF SYSTRA Radio measurement system and onboard frequency scanner Signal generator and data logger board/ground Post-analysis tool for quality of service On-board specific system for measuring disconnection rates Protocol analyzer Informative documents UNISIG: Subset 93 UIC references: O2475, O3031 [email protected] 53, 71, 112

53 HOM-ERTMS-2 Heavy Rail 53 Ertms Contribute to the type approval process of different levels of ERTMS on commercial lines, by validating the compliance of the system. Test and analyze in a lab train the software part of the ERTMS system to achieve its qualification Validate the different software versions of the board/ground ERTMS system with a dedicated motor vehicle ALSTOM ANSALDO INFRABEL RFF SIEMENS TP FERRO High-speed train equipped with Bi-standard (POS TGV, Dasye TGV, 2N2 TGV) authorized to run on HSL Recorder of Bi-standard internal parameters ( Simulate software) System for recording train parameters: ATESS file, JRU file, default file MID Equipment that can simulate different parameters corresponding to a train travelling normally: Speed, brush signals, etc. Video cameras with real-time recording of the track and the DMI (Driver Machine Interface) [email protected] See also page 52

54 54 Heavy Rail Signalling and track circuit HOM-SIG-2 Contribute to the type approval process of signalling systems for both new and modified lines. Control short-circuit current (levels, crosstalk, etc.) Check the presence of transverse impedances Check continuous transmission of information Check occasional transmission of information Check the wiring of phase-shift loops Monitor track circuits (residual voltage) Investigate the causes of malfunctioning track circuits INFRABEL NETWORK RAIL NS RFF SNCF Domestic reference documents in force Multi-channel data acquisition device Device installed on the LUCIE testing car 26, 50

55 HOM-SECU-1 55 Dependability Demonstrate the Reliability/Availability/Maintainability/Safety of urban rail transport systems. Conduct safety studies - at the general design stage - for the signalling/ automation subsystem according to the French decree STPG (Safety of Public Guided Transport) Develop and independently evaluate the dependability of systems, safety software and hardware at the detailed design stage, manufacture and implementation of signalling-driving automation system (metro, express suburban trains and trams) in accordance with EN Study employability: Implementation of the new system in operating conditions Develop Reliability & Availability overall process: Definition of indicators, setting targets for each indicator, target allocation, predictive analysis at the design stage, design of validation tests, statistical analysis of feedback during operational monitoring, spare fleet dimensioning ANSALDO AREVA RATP SIEMENS THALES EN Railway applications - The specification and demonstration Reliability, Availability, Maintainability and Safety (RAMS) EN Railway applications - Communication, signalling and processing systems - Software for railway control and protection systems EN Railway applications - Communication, signalling and processing systems - Safety related electronic systems for signalling [email protected] 84, 85

56

57 Railway Equipment Railway Equipment

58 58 Railway Equipment EXPERT OPINION In order to qualify railway equipment, EURAILTEST also offers a global service consisting of measurements, testing and expert opinions. In this case, EURAILTEST experts are solicited by suppliers and customers - from the design of the component to its disposal. In order to qualify your components, our experts advise you by: Helping with writing test specifications Checking compliance with regard to standards in force Contributing to the preparation of a file for national authorities and certification bodies Giving expert assessments on serviceability, based on test results and/or numerical simulations, in order to assess the impact of the component on comfort, safety and reliability Analysing an accident or identifying failure causes Making suggestions for improvement or modification after some damage [email protected]

59 HOM-FREIN-3 Heavy Rail / 59 Brake components Contribute to the type approval process of brake shoes, brake pads and wheels. Assess braking performance and endurance for disc-pads and wheel-brake shoes Conduct tests for wheel thermomechanical resistance and failure Estimate the cost of ownership: Weighing of pads and shoes + Record of disc and wheel profiles Measure: - Coefficient of friction and stress - Noise during braking (audibility of tones and dba level) - Temperature - Dust and gases emitted during braking - Wheel deflection with optical sensors - Surface roughness 3 full-scale test rigs: Up to 500 km/h (maximum simulation speed on a wheel of 920 mm in diameter) and up to 30 tonnes (maximum simulated axle load) Infrared thermography Non-destructive Testing instrumentation ACCREDITATIONS Alstom Bombardier Faiveley Flertex Freinrail SIEMENS EN Wheelsets and bogies - Monobloc wheels - Technical approval procedure - Part 1: Forged and rolled wheels UIC Technical approval of monobloc wheels - Application document for standard EN UIC Brakes - Regulations concerning manufacture of the different brake parts - Driver s brake valve UIC Brakes - Regulations concerning the manufacture of brake components - Self-adjusting loadproportional braking system and automatic empty-loaded control device Application document for standard EN ISO/IEC awarded by COFRAC [email protected] 22, 23, 122

60 60 Heavy Rail / HOM-BOG-2 Bogies Check, for type approval, the sizing and overall design of all types of bogie frames. ACCREDITATIONS Perform static testing in order to verify the sizing of a bogie frame under - Regular mechanical stress (vertical, transverse, warping) - Specific mechanical stress (shock absorbers, brakes, anti-roll bar, etc.) - Preparatory analysis for fatigue tests (GOODMAN and HAIGH diagrams) Conduct fatigue tests in order to verify the overall design and the manufacture of a bogie frame - Regular tests (vertical, transverse and warping with roll and bounce) - Specific tests: Traction braking, inertia, etc. 2 test rigs - for static and fatigue tests - totally modular 30 dynamic cylinders (40 to 400 kn) Non-destructive Testing for crack detection Extensometry equipment Dynamic data acquisition device ISO/IEC awarded by COFRAC ALSTOM BOMBARDIER CAF CSR SNTF TECHNI INDUSTRIE EN Wheelsets and bogies - Method of specifying the structural requirements of bogie frames UIC Bogies and running gear - Bogie frame structure strength tests UIC Trailer bogies - Running gear Bogie frame structure strength tests UIC Wagons - Strength testing of 2 and 3-axle bogies on test rig [email protected] 17, 20, 61, 93, 122

61 HOM-BOG-3 Heavy Rail / 61 Axles Check and determine the sizing of axles and analyze failures of running gear. Design new axles Conduct failure analysis of used axles Check the conformity of axle design Perform fatigue testing of axles Tensile, resilience and hardness testing machines Dynamic test bench for rotating bending of axles Roughness tester Optical microscope Scanning electron microscope Non-destructive Testing instrumentation ACCREDITATIONS ISO/IEC awarded by COFRAC ALSTOM BOMBARDIER CAF GHH-VALDUNES EN Non powered axles - Design method EN Powered axles - Design method EN Wheelsets - Product requirements EN Axles - Product requirements STM-R Wheelsets - Product requirements STM-R Axles - Product requirements [email protected] 60, 62, 93, 122

62 62 Heavy Rail / HOM-ROUE-1 Bearings and axle boxes Contribute to the type approval process, on test rigs, of all types of bearings and axle boxes. ACCREDITATIONS Determine the performance of a bearing positioned on an axle journal or in a wheel hub Optimize its life potential and life cycle Monitor behaviour and damage evolution thanks to thermal, acoustic and vibration measurements Conduct failure analysis Tensile, resilience and hardness testing machines Four machines for testing axle boxes: Adjustable axial force ± 50 kn + Radial force up to 150 kn + Acceleration up to ± 4 m/s2 + Rotational speed up to 3,000 rev/min Non-destructive Testing instrumentation ISO/IEC awarded by COFRAC ALSTOM KINEX NTN-SNR NSK SKF TIMKEN EN Axle-boxes - Rolling bearings EN Axle-boxes - Performance testing UIC Running gear - Tests for axle-boxes [email protected] 61, 63, 122

63 HOM-ROUE-2 Heavy Rail / 63 Wheels Perform wheel sizing in order to optimize their performance and conduct failure analysis. ACCREDITATIONS Determine fatigue limits of wheels Assess fatigue behaviour of nonaxisymmetric wheels (calculations and biaxial testing) Study crack propagation Conduct failure analysis Fatigue test bench for wheel plates (vertical force up to 400 kn and transverse force up to 100 kn) Dynamic measuring devices Extensometry equipment Non-destructive Testing instrumentation Scanning electron microscope ISO/IEC awarded by COFRAC ALSTOM BOCHUMER VEREIN BONATRANS CAF VALDUNES EN A1 Wheelsets and bogies - Wheelsets - Product requirements (includes Amendment A1: 2010) EN A1 Wheelsets and bogies - Axles - Product requirements (includes Amendment A1: 2010) EN Wheelsets and bogies - Monobloc wheels - Technical approval procedure - Part 1: Forged and rolled wheels EN Wheelsets and bogies - Wheels - Product requirements ERRI B169/RP9 [email protected] 62, 100, 122

64 64 Heavy Rail / HOM-FAT-1 Fatigue chatacterization Perform sizing of new parts and characterize fatigue behaviour of mechanical parts and materials after a failure. Assess fatigue behaviour of: - Small equipment (bearing cages, shock mounts, brake beams, suspension parts, etc.) - Bolted, welded and riveted assemblies - Composite parts Determine cracking laws Determine the critical plane stress intensity factor (K1C) Assess fatigue limit and establish Wöhler curves and endurance diagrams for materials and assemblies ALSTOM BEA-TT (French Land Transport Accident Investigation Bureau) SNCF 5 servo-hydraulic machines for tension and compression testing (from ± 15 kn to ± 160 kn) 1 servo-hydraulic machine for torsion (± 5,000 N.m) 3 bending machines (± 50 kn) Force and displacement sensors on each cylinder Parallel measurements for monitoring optimization: Extensometry, displacement, temperature Non-destructive Testing instrumentation EN A1 Wheelsets and bogies - Axles - Product requirements (includes Amendment A1: 2010) NF A Iron and steel - Fatigue testing - General principles NF A Metal products - Fatigue testing - Data statistical processing [email protected] 92, 100

65 HOM-STRUC-1 Mechanical resistance of vehicle bodies Contribute to the type approval process of steel rolling stock by checking its resistance. Heavy Rail / ACCREDITATIONS 65 Check if rolling stock built with a steel frame (wagon, locomotive, car) can resist operating conditions - Conduct tension, compression and pressure tests - Simulate lifting and torsion - Perform simulations with different loadings - Conduct tests with specific stress Lifting track: Loadings consist mainly of ballast. Lifting is done with four lifting cylinders (by one or two extremities) or with two opposite corners (torsion test) Tension/compression test rig: Two cylinders are used to apply compression forces up to 3,600 kn and tension forces up to 2,200 kn Extensometric gauges for strain measurements Gauge sensors for measuring forces Comparators used for deformation measurements ISO/IEC awarded by COFRAC ALSTOM BOMBARDIER CAF EN Structural requirements of railway vehicle bodies UIC Loadings of coach bodies and their components UIC Wagon stresses B12/RP60 - Tests to demonstrate the strength of railway vehicles - Regulations for proof tests and maximum permissible stresses [email protected] See also page 66

66 66 Heavy Rail / Torsional rigidity of car bodies Measure the torsional stiffness of a car body structure in order to ensure rail safety. HOM-STRUC-2 Determine the torsional rigidity of a body structure around its longitudinal axis - for all types of vehicles: Trailers, rail vehicle frames, containers and swap bodies, truck trailers Lifting cylinders Force and displacement sensors ABRF ARBEL FAUVEL RAIL FRANCE WAGONS GEFCO UIC Wagons - Running safety ACCREDITATIONS ISO/IEC awarded by COFRAC [email protected] See also page 65

67 HOM-ASS-1 Heavy Rail / 67 Bolted assemblies Assess, qualify and verify bolted assemblies, analyze their weaknesses and propose solutions. Qualify bolting procedures for assemblies: - Study bolting procedures during clamping (on site or in laboratory) - Study the behaviour of assemblies in commercial use Check the conformity of products (tooling, nuts and bolts, etc.) Dimension bolted assemblies ALSTOM RATP SNCF STMX Recommendations for bolted and screwed connections of components used in passenger rolling stock ST 001 P - Fasteners, etc. Ultrasonic and extensometry test equipment for measuring clamping force Test rigs for bolted assemblies «Torque/angle» analyses Scanning electron microscopy, micrographs, hardness, tension, etc. COBRA calculation tool [email protected] 100, 102

68 68 Heavy Rail / Endurance test bench for geared motors Assess the reliability of geared motors and conduct failure analysis. HOM-TRACT-2 Check the behaviour of a geared motor unit over time and look for the signs of aging Assess various components of the geared motor Identify and analyze failures Conduct investigations Measure vibration, torque, speed and temperature Conduct physical and chemical analyses of grease and lubricants SNCF 2 three-phase converters used for powering two geared motors connected with a drive shaft - One motor geared motor - One power geared motor Steering test bench - Operating cycles adapted to requirements: Thermal stress, trip simulation - Works 24/7 Real-time monitoring and measuring device Steering devices capable of powering synchronous and asynchronous geared motors According to customer requirements [email protected] See also page 33

69 HOM-ELEC-1 Heavy Rail / 69 Electrical testing in lab Qualify the performance of electrical devices and simulate incidents encountered in commercial service. Check the functioning of low power and high power products according to a standard or a technical specification Check the conformity of a product or a series Check the proper functioning of an equipment Assess life potential of a component Conduct tests as required by the customer. Examples: - Overheating of electrical components - Behaviour at high voltage (120 kv - 50 Hz) and with strong direct or alternating current (100 ms window, 40 ka at 1,800 V DC) - Performance of electrical equipment: Rheostats, static converters, etc. - Short-circuit tests on specific equipment (e.g. transformers) - Evaluation of switchgear performance: Contactors, circuit breakers, switches, etc. - Measurement of harmonic currents According to technical specifications of the customer DC power system: 1.5 kv/3 kv DC 5 MVA Single-phase power system: 50Hz, 8 to 30 kv AC - 12 MVA Three-phase power system: 50Hz, 0 to 2 kv AC MVA High-intensity power system: 0 to 20 ka, 10 V DC High-voltage resistance equipment: 0 to 120 kv AC - 50 Hz Climatic test chamber (-20 C to +70 C) Switchable outdoor catenary: 25 kv/50 Hz, 1.5 kv, 3 kv Digital data acquisition and processing system Voltage and current sensors Temperature measurement with or without electric potential ABB Sécheron ALSTOM FAIVELEY MCB SOREEL TE CONNECTIVITY [email protected] See also page 70

70 70 Heavy Rail / HOM-ELEC-2 Electrical product behaviour in degraded conditions Qualify electrical products in specific climatic and electrical environments. Verify the proper functioning of electrical equipment in degraded conditions. Programmable climatic test chambers (temperature and hygrometry) Programmable disrupted power supplies Data acquisition systems EUROTECH FACTORY ECRIN NEOVO SAMSUNG SIEMENS SONY EN Environmental testing - Tests - Test A - Cold EN Environmental testing - Tests - Test B - Dry heat EN Environmental testing - Tests - Test N - Change of temperature EN Environmental testing - Part 2-78: Tests - Test Cab: Damp heat, steady state EN Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) Part 4-1: Testing and measurement techniques - Overview of IEC series ( , , , , , ) [email protected] 69, 72, 73

71 HOM-RADIO-1 Qualification of the cab radio Heavy Rail Qualify the radio installed in the cab used by drivers to communicate with the network operator. 71 Perform technical qualification of the GSM-R and/or UIC cab radio: - Check compliance with EIRENE, GSM-R and UIC standards - Perform functional qualification - Check the interface with the rail network: Nominal operation, lack of impact between the Ground and Train subsystems - Check equipment integration on trains Deliver technical assessment for the use of GSM-R and/or UIC cab radio on the network Lab equipped with a GSM-R test network and a RST UIC network 60 km of lines equipped with analogue UIC radio and GSM-R Telecommunication laboratory onboard the IRIS 320 train (up to 320 km/h) Railway test cars ALSTOM CENTER SYSTEMS DB FUNKWERK RENFE STADLER EIRENE FRS (Functional Requirement Specification), SRS (System Requirement Specification) UIC Railway radio equipment - Fixed and mobile units - General technical considerations UIC Railway radio equipment - Technical specifications UIC Technical regulations for international ground-train radio systems [email protected] 52, 112

72 72 Heavy Rail / HOM-CLIM-1 Thermal and airflow test chamber Validate temperature control parameters of a railway vehicle. Validate temperature control parameters by simulating outside climatic conditions and the presence of people on board Conduct investigatory, research and development work on temperature control, with either new or renovated vehicles, in order to validate or improve passenger comfort Climatic test chamber allowing: Simulation of sunshine, humidity and outside temperature - Temperature from -20 C to 60 C - Relative humidity up to 100% - Sunshine up to 900 W/m2 Simulation of the human presence by generation of sensible and latent heat HT power supply of 1,000 V DC to 2,000 V DC Three-phase power supply (437V to 483V) Automatic control of the climatic parameters in the test chamber (cyclic) Ability to cater for UIC-gauge vehicles up to 30m in length Possible access via the French rail network ACCREDITATIONS ISO/IEC awarded by COFRAC ALSTOM RATP SCHNEIDER ELECTRIC SNCF EN & -2 - Air conditioning for main line rolling stock - Part 1: Comfort parameters - Part 2: Type tests EN & -2 - Air conditioning for urban and suburban rolling stock - Part 1: Comfort parameters - Part 2: Type tests EN & -2 - Air conditioning for driving cabs - Part 1: Comfort parameters (includes Amendment A1: 2010) - Part 2: Type tests EN ISO Ergonomics of the thermal environment - Analytical determination and interpretation of thermal comfort using calculation of the PMV and PPD indices and local thermal comfort criteria [email protected] 73, 137

73 HOM-CLIM-2 Heavy Rail / 73 Climatic aging Evaluate the impact of weather on railway components. Perform climate aging tests on infrastructure and rolling stock equipment. Three types of tests: - Development - Approval (type tests) - Investigation (after technical malfunction) Climatic test chambers with relative humidity ranging from 20% to 98% - 14 m 3 : from -40 (±3 C) to 125 (±5 C) m 3 : from -40 (±3 C) to 125 (±5 C) m 3 : from -60 (±3 C) to 160 (±5 C) Salt mist test chamber (1.2 m 3 ) Spraying systems for Ingress Protection (IP) tests Facilities dedicated to UV resistance testing of materials ALSTOM INTERMAS SESSA KLEIN SIEMENS ST-GOBAIN EN Environmental testing - Tests - Test A - Cold EN Environmental testing - Tests - Test B - Dry heat EN Environmental testing - Test methods - Tests - Test KA - Salt mist EN Environmental testing - Tests - Test N - Change of temperature EN Environmental testing Part 2-30: Tests - Test Db and guidance: Damp heat, cyclic (12 h + 12 h cycle) EN Environmental testing - Tests - Test Kb: Salt mist, cyclic (sodium chloride solution) IEC Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP Code) [email protected] 72, 137

74 74 Heavy Rail / Qualification of contactless cards Ensure proper operation of contactless cards used for ticketing - whatever their environment. HOM-BILL-1 ACCREDITATIONS Check technical compliance of physical and chemical characteristics of contactless cards with regard to relevant standards or technical specifications of a customer Test bench for radio Test benches for bending and torsional stress Climatic test chambers and heat chambers Test benches for abrasion and peel strength Profile projector Inflammability, colourimetry and chemical contamination tests ISO/IEC awarded by COFRAC ASK GEMALTO OBERTHUR RATP SNCF STM (Montreal Metro) ISO/IEC Identification cards - Physical characteristics ISO/IEC Identification cards - Test methods ISO/IEC Identification cards - Card service life [email protected]

75 HOM-GRAF-1 Heavy Rail / 75 Qualification of coatings Ensure the safety and accessibility of passengers in railway stations and rolling stock with regard to contrast, color, graffiti and skidding. Ensure cleanability of coatings and compatibility of cleaning products thanks to effectiveness and chemical aggressiveness tests on materials intended for rolling stock and infrastructure Measure skid resistance of floor coatings Measure luminance contrast inside passenger rolling stock (accessibility) Maintain operator visual identity through color controls 3M COMPIN FORMICA GERFLOR PEDRAZZINI SMTC Spectrocolorimeter Pendulum SRT (Skid Resistance Tester) NF F & STM-C-004 Railway rolling stock - Protection in relation to graffiti - Tests procedures and methods of valuation, behaviour of materials and products of expulsion EN Road and airfield surface characteristics - Test methods - Part 4: Method for measurement of slip/ skid resistance of a surface: The pendulum test ISO Paints and varnishes - Colorimetry - Part 2: Colour measurement PRM TSI (European Official Journal L64/134 of 7 March 2008) [email protected] 79, 81, 139

76 76 Heavy Rail / Qualification of cables and heat-shrink tubing Ensure that these components comply with standards and technical specifications. HOM-CAB-1 ACCREDITATIONS Check conformity of mechanical, electrical and physicochemical behaviour, as well as fire resistance, of heat-shrink tubing and electrical cables Climatic test chambers for accelerated aging of products Tensile testing machine - plastomers and elastomers High voltage cage for rigidity tests Megohmmeter ISO/IEC awarded by COFRAC (for Fire & Smoke tests) GREMCO HELLERMANNTYTON TESI NF F General railway equipment - Thermorectractable marking clads and grips NFF and NFC standards related to cables [email protected] 77, 78

77 HOM-CAB-2 Heavy Rail / 77 Fire behaviour of cables Check the behaviour of electric cables under fire conditions and conduct type approval tests for the CE marking of cables. Assess the ability of cables not to spread fire thanks to 3 tests: - 1 kw flame propagation - Fire propagation on stranded wires - Fire propagation on ribbon cables Evaluate heat generated thanks to measurement of oxygen consumption coupled with measures of fire propagation on ribbon cables Characterize smoke toxicity and opacity due to cables in case of fire 27 m 3 test chamber 1 kw flame Testing booth Test device for ribbon cables (with or without calorimeter hood) ACCREDITATIONS ISO/IEC awarded by COFRAC LCIE NEXANS OMERIN SYSTRA EN Measurement of smoke density of cables burning under defined conditions NF C Classification tests on cables and cords with respect to their behaviour to fire IEC Tests on electric and optical fibre cables under fire conditions -Procedure for 1 kw pre-mixed flame EN & EN ( 9.1) - Test for vertical flame spread of vertically-mounted bunched wires or cables EN Common test methods for cables under fire conditions - Heat release and smoke production measurement on cables during flame spread test - Test apparatus, procedures, results EN Fire protection on railway vehicles [email protected] 76, 78

78 78 Heavy Rail / Fire behaviour of materials Check the compliance of materials intended for rolling stock with regard to fire behaviour. Assess fire behaviour of railway materials through various measurements: - Toxicity - thanks to gaseous effluent dosage - Smoke opacity in a non-renewed atmosphere - Behaviour of materials under a specific thermal stress - Threshold limit value of oxygen for sustaining combustion - Critical heat flux - Critical flux at extinguishment - Oxygen consumption calorimetry of rail materials Categorize materials according to requirement levels Smoke chamber coupled with a Fourier transform infrared analysis device Smoke chamber Radiant heating panels (horizontal and vertical) Cone calorimeter ACCREDITATIONS ISO/IEC awarded by COFRAC ALSTOM HITACHI HUTCHINSON PRODEX SIEMENS VON ROLL HOM-FEU-1 EN Railway applications - Fire protection on railway vehicles NF F Rolling stock - Fire behaviour - Materials choosing NF F Railway rolling stock - Fire behaviour - Materials choosing, application for electric equipment [email protected] 76, 77

79 HOM-PEINT-1 Heavy Rail / 79 Paint and adhesive films Contribute to the type approval process of adhesive films and paints as well as their application conditions. Conduct accelerated and normal aging tests at specific sites Conduct tests on rail vehicles used in commercial service Characterize graffiti Study and develop representative inks in order to test anti-graffiti coatings and cleaning products Specific sites in which tests are performed (laboratories or paint booths) Simulation tool for accelerated aging (ARTACC) Folding and quartering tools Shock test equipment (to check paint behaviour) CFF RATP SNCF NF F Paint materials and marks - General instructions and test methods NF F Protection in relation to graffiti - Tests procedures and methods of evaluation, behaviour of materials and products of expulsion EN A1 - Wheelsets and Bogies - Axles - Product requirements STM N 805/807/808 STM N 812 [email protected] 75, 81

80 80 Heavy Rail / HOM-PETRO-1 Petrochemicals Provide the optimal lubricant according to the conditions of use and assess the potential life of a rolling stock lubricated component in service. ACCREDITATIONS Qualify lubricants Determine potential life Check new product commissioning Set up test equipment on a maintenance site in order to monitor part and component wear Perform on-site assistance Conduct failure analysis Bearing test rigs (R2F and ROPECS) Cone penetration, dropping point, moisture content Viscometer Acidity measuring device DSC - Differential Scanning Calorimetry X-ray fluorescence Plasma Rheology ISO/IEC awarded by COFRAC NTN-SNR SHELL SNCF TIMKEN TOTAL Applicable standards according to customer requirements [email protected]

81 HOM-NETT-1 Heavy Rail / 81 Cleaning products Reduce environmental impact of cleaning products while optimizing their quality and efficiency. Qualify products Develop dosing methods and product quality control Establish compatibility between products and materials Characterize physical and chemical properties of products: Mass density, outflow time, etc. Evaluate the effectiveness of cleaning products Develop testing in commercial use Give technical assistance and expert assessments on cleaning processes SNCF Viscometer Flash point Foaming power Soaking bench Car wash test bench Cleanability Tensiometer Chromatograph X-ray fluorescence X-ray diffraction ICP (Inductively Coupled Plasma) Infrared equipment STM N601 - Qualification procedure for cleaning and sanitation products STM C702 - Additive product used in retention toilets [email protected] 75, 79, 110

82 82 Heavy Rail / HOM-VITR-1 Glazing Contribute to the type approval process of glazing by ensuring they are sufficiently strong and effective. Measure pressure resistance: Simulate pressure changes produced when two trains cross each other in the open air or in tunnels - on all types of glass panes (flat or curved, new or damaged, etc.) Measure soft body impact resistance: Check that a person inside a vehicle is not projected outside after the impact of a 50 kg pendulum Check water tightness Check hard body impact resistance Assess rupture strength of the structural bonded seal Measure Dew Point AGC FLAT GLASS ALSTOM BARAT TRANSPORT DIAZ SAINT GOBAIN SEKURIT SESSA KLEIN Two test rigs - Pressure up to +/- 8,000 Pa - Sine, rectangular or square wave (on request) - Frequency up to 6 Hz - Rig dimensions: 1,800 x 2,500 mm Watering system (used during test) Dynamic measurement system of glass pane deflection NF F Railway rolling stock - Tempered safety glass EN Insulating glass units - Part 2: Long term test method and requirements for moisture penetration UIC Loadings of coach bodies and their components NF F Railway rolling stock - Windows [email protected] See also page 99

83 HOM-ACOU-4 Heavy Rail Acoustic control of safety equipment Evaluate the audibility of sound-based safety equipment for its type approval. 83 Measure sound levels of shunting whistles, detonators and audible warning devices Sound level meters (Class 1) Multichannel data acquisition system ACCREDITATIONS ISO/IEC awarded by COFRAC ALSTOM BOMBARDIER DB SCHENKER RAIL RATP SIEMENS VOSSLOH EN External visible and audible warning devices for high-speed trains - Part 2: Warning horns EN ISO Danger signals for public and work areas - Auditory danger signals UIC Regulations regarding the audibility of shunting whistles and detonators in driving compartments of powered units UIC Warning devices used on tractive units employed on international services Technical Specifications for Interoperability [email protected] 35, 36, 37, 126, 127

84 84 Heavy Rail / Assessment of safetycritical software Evaluate the safety demonstration of safety-critical software used in the railway sector. HOM-SECU-2 ACCREDITATIONS Carry out or assess safety demonstration of safety-critical software (EN SIL 3, 4) For CBTC ground and onboard equipment, computer-based interlockings, platform screen door control system, etc. OVADO (Paris Metro - RATP - qualified extensible integrated development environment based on Eclipse and dedicated to the formal validation of data) Atelier B (B-Method) Prover CERTIFIER Polyspace Test benches ISO/IEC awarded by COFRAC, Programme 152 ALSTOM RATP RFF SIEMENS Storstockholms Lokaltrafik (Stockholm) THALES EN Railway applications - Communication, signalling and processing systems - Software for railway control and protection systems [email protected] 55, 85

85 HOM-SECU-3 Heavy Rail / Safety assessment of control-command and signalling equipment Achieve or assess conformity demonstration of rail safety equipment. 85 Approve all signalling equipment (switch motors, printed circuit boards, etc.) impacting safety of urban and intra-urban transport rail systems Ensure usability: Implementation of the new system in operating conditions Give expert advice - from a safety point of view - on maintaining network equipment in good operating condition Analyze hardware malfunction in operating conditions: Laboratory and field investigations ANSALDO AREVA RATP SIEMENS EN Railway applications - Communication, signalling and processing systems - Safety related electronic systems for signalling Electronics laboratory [email protected] 55, 84

86

87 Part 2 Measurements The second part of this catalogue describes our tests related to measurements and investigations. These tests may be essential to ensure safety, performance, comfort and availability of your equipment or rail facilities - for the users of a rail network of course, but also for your co-workers. To help you find the tests you are looking for, this second part is organized according to technical discipline: Mechanical Physical and chemical Electrical Acoustical Health, Safety and Environment (HSE)

88

89 Mechanical Mechanical

90 90 Heavy Rail / MES-CONF-1 Vibratory comfort Assess the comfort felt by passengers on a train. Characterize vibration inside a railway vehicle according to the track condition Determine dynamic characteristics of train seats (natural frequencies) Measuring devices installed at the passenger-seat interface Device for conducting measurements at floor level System dedicated to automated analysis Accelerometric system (with or without passengers) Data acquisition system (4 to 16 channels) Data acquisition system (SCADA type) coupled with TestLab LMS software (full measurement) ACCREDITATIONS ISO/IEC awarded by COFRAC ALSTOM BOMBARDIER LOHR INDUSTRIE RATP STADLER EN Ride comfort for passengers - Measurement and evaluation UIC Guidelines for evaluating passenger comfort in relation to vibration in railway vehicles [email protected] 17, 137

91 MES-DYN-1 Heavy Rail / 91 Flexibility coefficient Check that the flexibility coefficient of a rail vehicle ensures a good interface with the infrastructure. Determine the flexibility coefficient of railway vehicles thanks to measurements carried out on track (rotation of the carbody around its longitudinal axis) Accelerometers Displacement sensors ALSTOM BOMBARDIER SNCF EN Testing for the acceptance of running characteristics of railway vehicles Testing of running behaviour and stationary tests UIC Railway transport stock - Rolling stock construction gauge [email protected] 17, 93

92 92 Heavy Rail / Vibration fatigue of vehicle components Optimize rolling stock maintenance by evaluating, on track, severity of vibratory stresses and their effect on the life of vehicle components. MES-FAT-1 Predict life expectancy of a rolling stock component with regard to measured stresses Quantify severity of various vibratory stresses applied on vehicle components - thanks to a method based on Fatigue Damage Spectrum (FDS) and Shock Response Spectrum (SRS) calculations Compare FDS of vibratory signals measured on components with Normative and functional FDS, calculated with Power Spectral Density (PSD) Understand the causes of failures and check that fixed parts keep their integrity over time Study component behaviour on track and in commercial traffic - with or without people onboard ( black box test) Multi-channel data acquisition device Calibrators Data processing software Portable and autonomous recorder CleA Measuring system PULSE Piezoelectric accelerometers, strain gauges, force sensors, displacement and pressure sensors, ammeters, voltmeters, etc. Shakers (various frequencies) ALSTOM RATP SNCF EN Rolling stock equipment - Shock and vibration tests MA Authorization to perform measurements on commercial trains [email protected] 64, 94, 100

93 MES-DYN-2 Dynamic behaviour of metro and tramway Appraise the behaviour of a vehicle following abnormal behaviour in commercial service. 93 Determine, thanks to a device installed onboard the train: - Tri-axial accelerations of the car body, bogies and axles - Displacements of primary and/or secondary suspensions as well as pressure on air suspensions - Transverse force on rubber-tyred rolling stock thanks to a wheel force transducer - Wheel lift (height wheel treadrailhead ) on a small distance (e.g. turnout) - Forces and displacements for couplings, buffers and rods - Yaw, roll and pitch Determine, through equipment installed on the track, an image of the Y/Q ratio Triaxial accelerometers Displacement sensors Pressure sensors Strain gauges Doppler radar Lyon Tramway (France) RATP Valenciennes Tramway (France) EN Testing for the acceptance of running characteristics of railway vehicles - Testing of running behaviour and stationary tests EN Testing for the acceptance of running characteristics of railway vehicles with cant deficiency compensation system and/or vehicles intended to operate with higher cant deficiency than stated in EN 14363:2005, Annex G [email protected] 17, 19, 20, 60, 61, 91

94 94 Heavy Rail / MES-MOD-1 Modal analysis Determine modal characteristics of a rail structure - in addition to vibration testing for example. Understand vibratory phenomena Adjust finite element models Measure the in-situ response of a structure subjected to one or several known excitations in order to determine its modal characteristics - frequency, damping, modal deflection curve associated with each mode ISO Mechanical vibration and shock Experimental determination of mechanical mobility - Part 1: Basic terms and definitions, and transducer specifications ISO Vibration and shock -- Experimental determination of mechanical mobility - Part 5: Measurements using impact excitation with an exciter which is not attached to the structure Piezoelectric accelerometers Impact hammers Electro-dynamic shaker Modal analysis software «LMS TEST LAB» [email protected] See also page 92

95 MES-FROTT-1 Dynamic behaviour of current collector shoes Improve safety and reduce track maintenance costs through better understanding of damage encountered by current collector shoes. 95 Check the quality of the current collector shoes-rail interface Detect and locate possible shocks and vertical deflection of current collector shoes that can lead to their degradation or premature wear Pinpoint the place and the nature of the shock on the network, and display it in order to quickly implement corrective action Mexico Metro RATP RTM (Marseille Metro) Tri-axial accelerometers Digital high-speed video cameras Doppler radar Laser displacement sensors

96 96 MES-RAV-1 Resistance to motion Determine resistance to motion values in order to adjust the power of a new rail vehicle and/or infrastructure. Determine the factors increasing resistance to motion of a vehicle (rolling resistance and aerodynamic drag) by measuring several parameters: Axle speed, acceleration, stresses, traction current and wind speed Load cells Doppler radar Accelerometers Anemometer Lille Metro RATP SIEMENS SYTRAL EN Railway applications - Aerodynamics - Part 3: Aerodynamics in tunnels EN Railway applications - Aerodynamics - Part 4: Requirements and test procedures for aerodynamics on open track (includes Amendment A1: 2009) [email protected] See also page 33

97 MES-VOIE-1 Heavy Rail 97 Trackside measurements Understand the physical behaviour of the vehicle-track system through trackside measurements. Perform and supervise dynamic measurements of passing trains - Physical phenomena: Vertical and transverse forces exerted by the wheels on rails, stresses, forces and displacements on track components, structure deflection, accelerations on the rail, sleepers, track foundation, etc. - Aerodynamic phenomena around the train: Air velocity along the train, tunnel and open-air pressure - Acquisition and use of data: Identification and characterization of traffic, natural frequencies and damping calculations, automating the acquisition and use of data - Remote monitoring of dynamic behaviour Perform and supervise measurements of slow phenomena - Meteorological parameters - Evolution of physical parameters over time - on track or on structures - Levelling statement, settlement monitoring - Measurement of neutral temperatures of CWR (Continuous Welded Rail) - nondestructive method VERSE - Lateral track resistance - Remote monitoring of slow phenomena ALSTOM EUROTUNNEL RFF SNCF SYSTRA EN Railway applications - Aerodynamics [email protected] 41, 42, 44

98 98 Video-based obstacle detection in the pantograph gauge Identify mechanical causes of abnormal deterioration of a pantograph. MES-PANTO-1 Equip a pantograph with a removable device whose geometry corresponds to the theoretical gauge of the collector head Pinpoint and identify the presence and the nature of an obstacle on the line Montpellier Metro RATP Video cameras Obstacle detection device Doppler radar [email protected] 30, 31, 32, 45, 46

99 MES-PORT-1 Heavy Rail / 99 Door closing effort Check that the doors of a rail vehicle, or platform screen doors, close in an optimal way in order to improve security. Precisely assess while doors are closing: - Impact force - Force to keep doors closed - Closing speed Multi-channel data acquisition device Displacement sensors S-shaped extensometer RATP SYSTRA EN ISO Geometrical product specifications (GPS) - ISO code system for tolerances on linear sizes. Tables of standard tolerance classes and limit deviations for holes and shafts EN & 2 - General tolerances - Part 1: Tolerances for linear and angular dimensions without individual tolerance indications - Part 2: Geometrical tolerances for features without individual tolerance indications [email protected] See also page 82

100 100 Heavy Rail / MES-DEFA-1 Failure analysis Identify the contribution of each possible cause of failure. Conduct a comprehensive investigation after a failure Assess the contribution of each possible cause of failure: Vibration fatigue, mechanical cause, track defect, shocks, design, materials, etc. Propose appropriate and sustainable solutions ALSTOM BOMBARDIER Legal experts RATP SNCF All test resources required for this kind of investigation [email protected] 63, 64, 92, 101, 102

101 MES-DIM-1 Heavy Rail / 101 Dimensional control Better understand rupture, wear and deformation phenomena for both new and used parts. Make dimensional measurements (radius, diameter, depth, angle, etc.): - For complex and three-dimensional parts (precision: ± 3 microns) - For new or used parts - measurement of dimensions specified on the plan (railway safety components, equipment, etc.) Measure shape and position defects: Straightness, flatness, circularity, cylindricity, circular shape, parallelism, perpendicularity, coaxiality, concentricity, etc. Measure surface condition, as well as thread dimension, tapping or cannelure 3D measuring machines (Tri-mesures) Profile projector (Starett-Sigma) Measuring column (Roch) Many measuring devices: Micrometers, gauges, roughness testers, etc. CIRCOR GREMCO RATP SNCF EN ISO Geometrical product specifications (GPS) - ISO code system for tolerances on linear sizes. Tables of standard tolerance classes and limit deviations for holes and shafts EN & 2 - General tolerances - Part 1: Tolerances for linear and angular dimensions without individual tolerance indications - Part 2: Geometrical tolerances for features without individual tolerance indications NF F Railway equipment in general - Tolerancing of metal pieces - Permissbile deviations of dimensions with non-tolerance indication - Allowance for machining ISO ISO general purpose metric screw threads - Tolerances ISO Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) - Surface texture: Profile method - Rules and procedures for the assessment of surface texture [email protected] See also page 100

102 102 Heavy Rail / MES-ASS-1 Welded assemblies Check welded assemblies, appraise them in case of failure and qualify procedures. Advise and participate in the development and validation of specifications Assist in the development (feedback, failure analysis and fatigue) Develop welding notebooks Qualify welding procedures Verify compliance of assemblies (acceptance record) Appraise and analyze failures Qualify finishing processes of welding joints Ensure the development of finishing methods Legal expertise SNCF EN to 5 - Welding of railway vehicles and components EN ISO Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials - Welding procedure test Tension/compression and bending machines Hardness testing machines, pendulum, optical microscopes, etc. Scanning electron microscope Portable diffractometer to assess residual stressess [email protected] 67, 100, 105

103 MES-METAL-1 Heavy Rail / Metal parts and components Design, develop, qualify and appraise a wide variety of metal parts. 103 Perform services related to the life cycle of a metal part or component (all types of bearings and springs, engine and drivetrain components, coupling, etc.) Assist in the development of specifications Assist in the development of parts or components Qualify parts or components according to technical requirements or specifications Analyze failures during the life of the part or component De-specialize Assess life potential Conduct legal expertise ALLIANZ France Colas Rail SIAAP - Public sanitation services for the Paris region STX France Cruise (Saint-Nazaire shipyard) SWISS COMBI France Technip According to the part or component to be tested Tools used to characterize materials and heat treatment: Tension/compression and hardness testing machines, pendulum, optical microscopes, etc. Scanning electron microscope Roughness tester Portable diffractometer to assess residual stresses and residual austenite [email protected] 100, 105

104 104 Heavy Rail / MES-RESID-1 Residual stresses Precisely quantify residual stresses of running gear or catenary in order to prevent failure. Evaluate residual stresses in railway components through three types of measurements: Ultrasonic Extensometry X-ray diffraction Ultrasonic measurements: Device for measuring on a test bench or under the vehicle (with or without contact) Extensometry: Strain gauges used to measure stress after successive cuttings of the part (destructive method) X-ray diffraction measurements: Portable system (ixrd MGR40) for on-site measurements - non-destructive method for surface evaluation + semi-destructive method for sub-layer evaluation ALSTOM BONATRANS CAF VALDUNES EN A1 Wheelsets and bogies - Axles - Product requirements (includes Amendment A1: 2010) EN Wheelsets and bogies - Wheels - Product requirements EN A2 - Wheelsets and bogies - Monobloc wheels - Technical approval procedure - Part 1: Forged and rolled wheels (includes Amendment A2: 2011) UIC OR - Technical approval of monobloc wheels - Application document for standard EN [email protected] See also page 105

105 MES-RESID-2 Heavy Rail / 105 Residual stress analysis by x-ray diffraction Quantify, at client s premises, residual stresses of a component thanks to a portable diffraction system - in order to prevent failures from occurring. Assess residual stresses for both new and used parts: Validate repair methods based on welding Qualify products Characterize finishing treatment, stress relieving treatment, etc. Monitor constraints during commercial use Quantify residual austenite formed during poorly controlled heat treatments that can cause rupture (bearings, springs) ALSTOM COMPIN SNCF EN Non-destructive testing - Test method for residual stress analysis by X-ray diffraction ixrd MGR 40: Portable system used for in situ measurements [email protected] 102, 103, 104

106

107 Electrical Electrical

108 108 MES-ELEC-1 Electrical performance of rail infrastructure and rolling stock Check electrical characteristics of rolling stock and infrastructure according to customer technical specifications. Check the consumption and/or quality of electrical supply for a sub-station, a rectifier substation, a complete rail line or even an escalator Simulate the capacity of the line and its equipment under normal or degraded conditions Check the compliance of electrical performance of rolling stock with specifications CTS (Strasbourg) RATP Reference documents in force Particular technical specifications Data loggers Voltage sensors and data processing software High-speed thermal cameras Network analyzer with associated sensors (AC) [email protected] 55, 109, 110

109 MES-ELEC-2 Heavy Rail / 109 Energy meter validation Check the on-board energy metering system. Characterize an energy meter installed on a train - Measure pantograph voltage and current on board the train - Calculate energy consumed and injected back into the network ALSTOM VEOLIA Voltage sensor Current sensor Energy metering software Data acquisition board [email protected] 33, 108, 110, 114

110 110 Heavy Rail Infrastructure-rolling stock interaction Understand the origin of dysfunctions related to interaction between infrastructure and rolling stock. MES-ELEC-3 Measure current and voltage from the traction substation Perform signal processing in order to identify the emergence of disruptive phenomena: Unexpected activation, pumping, harmonics, impedance, etc. SNCF Voltage sensor Amperometric clamp Data acquisition board SENTINEL software 33, 108, 109, 114, 115

111 MES-ALIM-1 Heavy Rail Remote surveillance of feeder stations Check the quality of power supply over a long period of time and ensure real-time communication when abnormal phenomena are observed. 111 Measure current and voltage from substations Perform signal processing Send s including excerpts of interference signals Display electrical parameters in real-time on a Website SNCF Voltage sensor Amperometric clamp Data acquisition board SENTINEL software 3G Modem [email protected] 47, 48, 49

112 112 Heavy Rail MES-RADIO-1 Radio coverage Check that the radio coverage of rail equipment meets the applicable criteria. Install measuring and testing tools on test rail vehicles Measuring RF power levels and potential interference (dynamic measurement at low and/or high speed) and convert information in ASCII or cartographic formats Perform statistical processing of radio coverage and convert coverage criteria in graphic format Measure the voice quality of the radio link Develop optimization plans Conduct technical and functional testing of ground-train radio GSM-R system - in order to verify proper operation (static and dynamic tests) RFF SNCF TEP Rail cars, road cars, bike-rail (on the French network) Radio measurement system Radio measuring receivers Trace mobiles Test benches Specific antennas installed on the test car roof Positioning systems: Odometry, locator, GPS GSM-R cab radio, GSM-R portable systems UIC Railway radio equipment - Fixed and mobile units - General technical considerations EIRENE FRS (Functional Requirement Specification) and SRS (System Requirement Specification) ISO 9001 V2000 [email protected] 52, 71

113 MES-CEM-1 Heavy Rail Electromagnetic impact - modeling and expertise Study electromagnetic compatibility, from the design phase, of railway infrastructure projects. Model existing systems in order to simulate electromagnetic interference Assess dysfunctional facilities Define methods of protecting employees with regard to electrical hazards and electromagnetic protection of equipment in accordance with standards and legal texts Optimize electric traction and traction return systems as well as ground networks ARCVIEW: Mapping software Caryn: SNCF plug-in for the GIS software ArcMap that calculates the influence of a circuit on the other ModRGT and Graphcapture: Exploitation and interpretation of results Modalf: Calculation of current and voltage at any point of a multicore model representing a rail system CEPS: Helps estimate increase of soil voltage levels due to electricity pylons located near the railway line CTRL (Channel Tunnel Rail Link) COSEA OCVIA Construction CANARAIL (Canada) SETEC SYTRAL EN Electromagnetic compatibility - Part 2: Emission of the whole railway system to the outside world EN Effects of electromagnetic interference on pipelines caused by high voltage AC electric traction systems and/or high voltage AC power supply systems EN Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 2-12: Environment - Compatibility levels for low-frequency conducted disturbances and signalling in public medium-voltage power supply systems EN Electromagnetic compatibility - Part 1: General IN Single-phase AC power line - Provisions to be applied for achieving various protections against dangers caused by current from 25,000 V - 50 Hz electrification (on the French rail network) CEN TS Evaluation of AC corrosion likelihood of buried pipelines - Application to cathodically protected pipelines Volumes II to VII, IUT-T Directives - Protection of telecommunication lines against harmful effects from electric power and electrified railway lines, Geneva edition, 1999 IUT-T K.68 - Management of electromagnetic interference on telecommunication systems due to power systems French interministerial order of 17 May Technical conditions to be met by energy distribution French decree No regarding limit values for public exposure to electromagnetic fields 113 [email protected] 26, 27, 28, 29, 51, 138

114 114 Heavy Rail / MES-ELEC-4 Electrical characterization of materials Check electrical properties of materials for their qualification. Determine insulation characteristics (volume and surface resistivity) as well as withstand voltage of an insulating material (dielectric strength) High voltage cage (AC/DC) - Up to 100 kv AC and up to 100 ma for leakage current - Up to 20 kv DC and up to 5 ma for leakage current Teraohmmeter Picoammeter COMECA EDILON SEDRA PREFARAIL SEA Abrasif STUR (Rennes, France) IEC 93 (NF C 26215) - Methods of test for volume resistivity and surface resistivity of solid electrical insulating materials IEC 167 (NF C 26210) - Methods of test for the determination of the insulation resistance of solid insulating materials Standards given by operators [email protected] 108, 109, 110

115 MES-SECU-1 Heavy Rail / 115 Conductance of tracks Avoid energy losses, reduce corrosion due to non-rail underground facilities near the track, and ensure proper track insulation. Check, without mechanically cutting the track, that the track does not generate stray current Monitor compliance of track insulation during commissioning or preventive maintenance of the track Dedicated power supply Voltmeters and ammeters Data acquisition and processing system COLAS Rail ETF EUROVIA FRATER OF POURCQ (Belgium) PREFER (Portugal) STIB (Belgium) EN Fixed installations - Electrical safety, earthing and the return circuit - Part 2: Provisions against the effects of stray currents caused by DC traction systems [email protected] 108, 110

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117 Physical- Chemical Physical-Chemical

118 118 Heavy Rail / Product or material characterization Check if a product or a material complies with user specifications. MES-MAT-1 Determine quantitative and qualitative composition of liquid, solid or gaseous samples: Analysis of products and materials (crystalline silica, components of a cleaning product, paint, sintered brake shoe, polymer, etc.) Assess corrosion resistance of a material with regard to a product Determine material-product compatibility Characterize material behaviour with regard to graffiti and cleaning products ACCREDITATIONS ISO/IEC awarded by COFRAC and LAB GTA 94 accreditation guide X-ray fluorescence X-ray diffraction Atomic emission spectroscopy Infrared equipment Gas chromatography Characterization of physicochemical properties Thermal analyses (DSC, TGA) ph meter Conductivity meter AVERY DENNISON GRAPHIBUS IMERYS SESALY SNCF Standards required for meeting COFRAC LAB GTA 94 and customer needs [email protected] 81, 120, 121

119 MES-EAU-1 Water quality and industrial waste Provide expertise in the fields of wastewater, industrial waste and water intended for human consumption. Heavy Rail / ACCREDITATIONS 119 Wastewater - Conduct pollution assessments - Optimize the efficiency of wastewater treatment plants - Give expert assessments on water supply networks intended for human consumption - Ensure safe drinking water - Make proposals to reduce pollution at the source - Check compliance with regulations for industrial sites - Conduct analyses: ph, T, MES, DCO, HCT, Pt, NTK, NO2-, NO3-, metallic elements (Al, Fe, Cu, Pb, Ni, Cr, Mn, etc.), ASA Identify and characterize industrial waste in order to advise clients on the selection of disposal or recovery methods Assist, advise and study various environmental techniques according to customer needs (e.g. rainwater recovery) Perform diagnostics and audits of the environmental management policy ISO/IEC awarded by COFRAC SNCF Programme Wastewater Programme LAB GTA 29 - Water intended for human consumption UV spectrophotometry Plasma spectrometer Ionic liquid chromatography Gas chromatography Basic chemistry measurement equipment [email protected]

120 120 Heavy Rail / Non-metallic material expertise Determine causes of failure and lifetime for polymers and elastomers as well as their compatibility with other products. Determine physicochemical properties of a material (mainly polymer or elastomer) Conduct comparative studies between two materials Study compatibility of a material and its environment Understand aging process by conducting polymer deformulation or hardness measurements RATP SNCF MES-MAT-2 Analytical Coupling TGA / GC-MS Thermo Gravimetric Analysis with Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry Infrared spectrometry Plasma spectrometry (ICP) [email protected] 118, 121

121 MES-CAOUT-1 Heavy Rail / Rubber and rubber-metal material expertise Analyze and assess failures and lifetime of rubber-based parts as well as their compatibility with other products. 121 Qualify products and parts Analyze failures Develop specific requirements Assess potential lifetime (normative and specifications) Study rubber compatibility with oil Check resistance to cleaning products Study and develop products in order to operate at low temperature EN & STM R Rubber suspension components - Elastomer-based mechanical parts NF F Moulded parts in compact rubber NF F Extruded parts in compact rubber NF F Flexible rubber-based hoses for compressed air EN Pneumatic half couplings STM D-001 & D-002, STM D-050, STM F-024, STM F-602, STM D-802 & D-803 ALSTOM BOMBARDIER SCHAUBLIN SNCF 4 tension/compression testing machines: 0-20kN / 0-100kN / 0-200kN / 0-400kN Rubber Parts Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), IR Spectroscopy - for physicochemical analysis of rubber DRC and DRA: Compression set + Residual deformation after elongation in order to determine elastic characteristics Devices for measuring hardness, DIDC, Shore A and D, tension, tear and resistance to low temperatures (TR10 and Brittle point) - in order to determine mechanical characteristics Equipment for testing pressure resistance (seals, pipes, hoses) Rubber-Metal Parts Several devices for measuring: - Static stiffness (before and after aging, and at high and low temperature) - Dynamic stiffness (before and after aging) - Creep and stress relaxation - Adhesion - Environmental resistance [email protected] 118, 120

122 122 Heavy Rail / Non-destructive testing (ndt): magnetic particle, ultrasonic and penetrant testing Check railway parts with NDT, help select the best method and qualify products, devices and methods. MES-END-1 ACCREDITATIONS Advise on the choice of testing methods Assess railway parts with magnetic particle, ultrasonic and penetrant testing Develop new methods of control Advise and develop specifications for NDT equipment Qualify devices, products, testing instruction sheets, automated facilities and working standards Ultrasonic immersion inspection tank Magnetic particle test bench Wheel control test bench with magnetic particle testing Probes and other devices CFCM COFREND certification according to EN 473 and ISO 9712 standards ALSTOM BOMBARDIER CAF SNCF SNIM (Mauritania) VALDUNES Magnetic particle testing: EN ISO 9934, EN 1369, EN 10228, EN 17638, EN Ultrasonic testing: EN 12668, EN 583, ISO 5948 Penetrant testing: EN 571, EN ISO 3452, EN ISO [email protected] 59, 60, 61, 62, 63

123 123

124

125 Acoustical Acoustical

126 126 Heavy Rail / MES-ACOU-1 Railway noise and vibration - nearby residents Assess noise and vibration discomfort due to rail transport. Characterize situations that can create discomfort for nearby residents, caused by vibro-acoustic phenomena due to structure-borne underground or ground vibrations Characterize - from the acoustics point of view - operation of specific equipment (fans, escalators, air conditioning, air vents, etc.) before and/or after renovation Class 1 integrating sound level meters (SOLO type, 01dB-Metravib) Sound calibrators (Brüel & Kjaer) Tri-axial and regular accelerometers Data acquisition system, NetdB by 01dB- Metravib or equivalent (4 to 16 channels) Software: dbtrait, dbfa ACCREDITATIONS ISO/IEC awarded by COFRAC RATP NF S Acoustics - Environmental noise characterization and measurement - Special measuring methods NF S Acoustics - Description and measurement of environmental noise - Basic quantities and general evaluation methods NF S Acoustics - Measurement of railway traffic noise in view of its characterization French decree of 31 August 2006 regarding neighbourhood noise abatement and amending Public Health Code [email protected] 35, 36, 37, 83, 127

127 MES-ACOU-2 Heavy Rail / 127 Noise from industrial sites Check that noise emitted by industrial sites complies with relevant standards and regulations. ACCREDITATIONS Check at regular intervals - through measurements of ambient and residual noise defined by regulation - that industrial activity does not cause noise nuisance to neighbours Qualify the risk of noise-induced discomfort for nearby residents Class 1 integrating sound level meters Sound calibrators (Brüel & Kjaer) Software: dbtrait, dbfa Measuring masts (up to 40m high) All-weather cases allowing long-term measurements (7 days) Weather station ISO/IEC awarded by COFRAC RATP NF S Acoustics - Environmental noise characterization and measurement. Special measuring methods NF S Acoustics - Description and measurement of environmental noise - Basic quantities and general evaluation methods French order of 23 January 1997 regarding the reduction of noise emitted in the environment by classified facilities for environmental protection French decree of 31 August 2006 regarding neighbourhood noise abatement and amending Public Health Code [email protected] 35, 36, 37, 83, 126

128

129 Health, Safety and Environment Health, Safety and Environment

130 130 Heavy Rail / MES-EXPO-1 Noise in the workplace Check that level of daily noise exposure of personnel in the workplace complies with relevant standards and regulations, and improve listening comfort. Measure daily noise exposure of employees at their individual workstation with regard to regulation Predict, by calculation, noise levels of production sites Study hearing protection Analyze measurements with regard to health and safety at work regulations Check conformity of new and improved workstations Exposimeters, portable noise dosimeters, sound level meters and sound calibrators Software dedicated to noise measurements at the workplace Data acquisition systems for architectural measures Software used for predictive measurements of noise levels in workshops Acoustic test chamber Data acquisition software for subjective study (CNRS/INRS) Software: dbtrait, dbwed, dblexd ACCREDITATIONS ISO/IEC awarded by COFRAC APAVE CNRS INRS RATP VERITAS NF S Method for measuring noise exposure levels in work environments EN ISO Acoustics - Determination of occupational noise exposure - Engineering method EN ISO Hearing protectors -- Part 2: Estimation of effective A-weighted sound pressure levels when hearing protectors are worn French decree No of 19 July 2006 regarding safety and health requirements applicable in cases where workers are exposed to noise-related hazards French order of 19 July 2006 [email protected] 35, 36, 37, 83, 126, 127

131 MES-VIBRA-1 Heavy Rail / 131 Whole-body vibration Check if vibration exposure experienced by machine operators and train drivers subject to vibrations propagating through the body complies with relevant standards and regulations. Assess vibration transmitted through the seat or feet of employees who use mobile machines or other work vehicles Measure vibration exposure experienced by employees at their individual workstation Check that exposure level is below the regulatory threshold Validate workstation improvements Tri-axial accelerometers Multi-channel data acquisition device (LMS Scadas or 01dB NetdB) Chair seat cover used with tri-axial accelerometers (that can be placed under the seat) Vibrometry equipment RATP SNCF EN Mechanical vibration - Measurement and calculation of occupational exposure to whole-body vibration with reference to health - Practical guidance (includes Amendment A1: 2007) ISO & -5 Mechanical vibration and shock - Evaluation of human exposure to whole-body vibration - Part 1: General requirements - Part 5: Method for evaluation of vibration containing multiple shocks French decree No of 4 July 2005 on the minimum health and safety requirements regarding the exposure of workers to the risks arising from physical agents (vibration) European Directive 2002/44/EC [email protected] See also page 132

132 132 Heavy Rail / MES-VIBRA-2 Hand-arm vibration Check if vibration transmitted into the palms, fingers and arms of employees when handling power tools comply with relevant standards and regulations. Measure worker exposure to handtransmitted vibration in the workplace - primarily for track maintenance and rolling stock staff Check that exposure level is below the regulatory threshold Validate workstation improvements Regular and tri-axial accelerometers Multi-channel data acquisition device RATP SNCF EN ISO : Mechanical vibration - Measurement and evaluation of human exposure to hand-transmitted vibration -- Part 2: Practical guidance for measurement at the workplace ISO Mechanical vibration and shock - Evaluation of human exposure to whole-body vibration - Part 1: General requirements French decree No of 4 July 2005 on the minimum health and safety requirements regarding the exposure of workers to the risks arising from physical agents (vibration) European Directive 2002/44/EC [email protected] See also page 131

133 MES-AIR-1 Air quality in the workplace - professional exposure Monitor employee exposure to chemicals in the air and contribute to the improvement of workstations. Study workstations Define sampling strategies specific to individual measures Define measurement strategies to be performed in atmosphere Estimate level of exposure to chemical agents present in the air: Particles, wood dust, fibres (asbestos, glass fibres, refractory ceramic fibres), metals, silica, hydrocarbons, gases, etc. Measure concentration of gases, solvents, dust and thermal degradation products in premises with specific and non-specific pollution Establish a diagnosis mentioning if Occupational Exposure Limits (OEL) are exceeded or not ACCREDITATIONS ISO/IEC awarded by COFRAC Reference documents REF LAB 26 & 28 and LAB GTA 94 accreditation guide Sampling probes ADP ASTEN EUROFINS LAFARGE SFP TSO Heavy Rail / EN ISO and its application guide GA X Indoor air - Part 7: Sampling strategy for determination of airborne asbestos fibre concentrations French labour code - Order and decree No of 15 December 2009 French labour code - Decree No of 4 May 2012 and order of 14 August 2012 French decree No of 5 July 2013 French Circular DGT 2010/03 of 13 April 2010 NF X , NF X , NF X , NF X , NF X , NF X , NF X43-294, XP X [email protected] 134, 135, 136

134 134 Heavy Rail / Air quality in tunnels - professional exposure Monitor air quality in tunnels during construction or maintenance work. MES-AIR-2 Continuously monitor gas concentrations (O2, CO/CO2, NOx, SO2, H2S) and check if threshold limit values during construction work are not exceeded (alerts) Control professional exposure to chemical agents (diesel particulates, respirable dust, crystalline silica, metals, etc.) Check air renewal in tunnels Gas detectors Anemometer Individual sampling probes RATP SNCF TSO French labour code: Articles R to R and R to R French circular of 9 May 1985 regarding the technical review of decrees and of 7 December 1984 French orders of 8 and 9 October 1987 [email protected] 133, 135, 136

135 MES-AIR-3 Ventilation and air cleaning in the workplace Verify if ventilation and air cleaning systems installed in premises and workspaces comply with relevant standards and regulations. Heavy Rail / 135 Conduct air quality audits in premises with specific and non-specific air pollution (e.g. offices) Measure airflow rate and/or air velocity in the workplace and in pollutant collection systems at source (e.g. paint booth) Provide technical assistance for the development of gas and particle cleaning systems Anemometers Smoke generators Portable measuring devices RATP SNCF French labour code: Articles R to R and R to R French circular of 9 May 1985 regarding the technical review of decrees and of 7 December 1984 French orders of 8 and 9 October 1987 XP X Air quality audit in non-industrial premises [email protected] 133, 134, 136

136 136 Heavy Rail / Air quality in underground areas public exposure Continuously monitor air quality in railway stations and underground stations. MES-AIR-4 ACCREDITATIONS Collect and study concentrations of trafficrelated air pollutants: Nitrogen oxides Carbon dioxide Carbon monoxide PM 10 and PM 2.5 (particulate matter) SQUALES network (dedicated to air quality monitoring in underground areas) Stationary analyzers Vehicle laboratory Measuring racks GSM connection ISO/IEC awarded by COFRAC RATP SNCF TCL (Lyon) NF X Gas analysis - Carbon dioxide analysis - Guide for the choice of the analysis methods NF X (June 1995) Air quality - Ambient air - Determination of carbon monoxide (CO) by infrared absorption gaseous filters correlation method [email protected] 133, 134, 135

137 MES-CLIM-1 Heavy Rail / 137 Climatic comfort Help optimize thermal comfort of employees and passengers in workplaces and railway vehicles. Measure climatic parameters in the workplace and rail vehicles in order to determine the level of comfort felt by employees and passengers Calculate PMV (Predicted Mean Vote) and PPD (Predicted Percentage of Dissatisfied) indices Temperature and relative humidity sensors RATP SNCF EN Ergonomics of the thermal environment - Analytical determination and interpretation of thermal comfort using calculation of the PMV and PPD indices and local thermal comfort criteria [email protected] 72, 73, 90

138 138 Human exposure to electromagnetic fields (lf/hf) Check that electromagnetic fields occurring in a specific area affect neither the general public nor the employees. MES-CEM-3 Measure public and staff exposure to electromagnetic fields Electromagnetic field measuring devices (Low frequency and High frequency) - from 5 Hz to 6 GHz Gaussmeter for continuous magnetic field Spectrum analyzer Electric and magnetic field antennas (from 5 Hz to 6 GHz) Measuring systems based on ANFR protocol (French Frequency Agency) BOUYGUES TELECOM Kindergarten Doisneau (near Paris) ORANGE PARIS HABITAT SFR SIEMENS EN Basic standard for the in-situ measurement of electromagnetic field strength related to human exposure in the vicinity of base stations EN Measurement procedures of magnetic field levels generated by electronic and electrical apparatus in the railway environment with respect to human exposure Directive 2013/35/UE (employees) Council recommendation 1999/519/EC (general public) ANFR (French frequency agency) protocol, version 3, Radio/ Communication [email protected] 26, 27, 28, 29, 51, 113

139 MES-VIS-1 Heavy Rail / 139 Visual contrast and lighting in buildings Check if contrast and lighting in public access buildings and workplaces comply with accessibility regulations and standards. Measure visual contrast and lighting levels in the workplace, subway stations and railway stations Luminance meter Lux meter DG Construction General council of Hauts-de-Seine (near Paris) EN Light and lighting - Lighting of work places - Part 1: Indoor work places NF P Footways - Integration of disabled people - Caution warning - Characteristics, testing and rules for ground installation of pedotactile caution warning devices for blind or partially sighted persons [email protected] See also page 75

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141 Index

142 142 Index A Accessibility...75, 139 Acoustics Indoor...36, 37 Industrial sites Intelligibility...37 Outside noise - Residents...35, 36, 126 Safety equipment...83 Workplace Aerodynamics...33, 34, 96, 97 Air quality Tunnel Underground areas Ventilation and air cleaning Workplace Anti-graffiti...79 Axles...18, 61 Axle boxes...62 B Bearings...62, 103, 105 Bogies...20, 60, 63, 64, 93, 104 Bolted assemblies...64, 67 Braking Components...59 On open line...22 Test rig...25, 59, 60 C Cables...76, 77 Catenary Interaction with pantograph...30, 31, 32, 44, 45, 46 Uplift...46 Causes of failures...61, 62, 63, 68, 92, 100, 120 Cleaning...75, 79, 81, 118 Climatic...72, 73 Coatings...75 Comfort Climatic...72, 137 Vibratory...90 Contactless cards...74 Current collection On track...30, 31, 44, 46, 98 Stationary test bench...32 Current collector shoes...95 D Dependability...55 Detonators...83 Diffraction...104, 105 Dimensional control Doors...99 E Electric traction power supply...26, 47, 113, 115 Electrical equipment...70 Electrical insulation Electrical performance...69, 108 Electromagnetic compatibility...26 Electromagnetic field Human exposure...28, 138 Modeling and expertise Railway system...51 Rolling stock...27 Electromagnetic interference...29, 113 Electronic wheel detectors...50 Energy meter Equipment Metallic...64, 101, 103 Running gear...60, 61, 92, 104 ERTMS...52, 53 F Failures...41, 61, 62, 63, 64, 67, 68, 80, 92, 100, 102, 103, 104, 105, 120, 121 Fatigue Characterization...19, 64 Vibration...92, 100 Fire & smoke...76, 77, 78 G Geared motors...68 Glazing...82 Graffiti...75, 79, 118 GSM-R...52, 71 H Heat-shrink tubing...76 Human exposure...28, 138 I Infrastructure...30, 34, 41, 42, 43, 44, 108, 113 Infrastructure-rolling stock interaction...110

143 L Lighting M Magnetic particle Materials...64, 75, 78, 103, 114, 118, 120, 121 Modal analysis...94 N Non-destructive testing...59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 122 P Paint...75, 79, 118, 135 Pantograph Gauge...31, 98 Instrumented pantograph...31 Video-based obstacle detection...98 Pantograph-catenary interaction...30, 31, 32, 44, 45, 46 Penetrant testing Petrochemicals...80 Physical and chemical...118, 119, 120, 121, 122 Polymers Power supply...51, 111 Professional exposure...131, 133, 134 R Radio...52, 71, 112 Radio coverage Railway dynamics...17, 18, 19, 20, 61, 93 Residual stresses...102, 103, 104, 105 Resistance to motion...33, 34, 96 Rolling stock Electrical performance Weighing...21 Rubber S Safety Electrical...47, 49, 115 Hardware...55, 85 Software...55, 84 Index Safety-critical software...84 Safety hardware & equipment..55, 83, 85 Shunting...24, 25 Signalling...26, 29, 49, 54, 55, 84, 85 Skidding...75 Souplesse/Flexibility coefficient...91 Structures...43, 97 T Testing Climatic...73 Electrical...69 Thermal & airflow...72 Ticketing...74 Track Behaviour...44, 97 Measurements...97 Rail and turnouts...41 Track components...42 Traction current...48, 49 Traction drive...33, 68 U Ultrasonic...41, 67, 104, 122 V Vehicle components...92 Vehicle structure Car body-bogie frame torque...20 Mechanical resistance...65 Torsional rigidity of car bodies...66 Vibration Hand-arm Whole-body Vibratory...90, 92, 94, 100, 126 Visual contrast...75, 139 W Water Welded assemblies...64, 102 Wheels...18, 59, 63, 97, 104, 122 Wheel-rail contact...18, 19 Wheel slide protection...23 Weighing

144 Eurailtest, one of the world s most comprehensive offerings in rail testing and engineering Research Tax Credit Approval 1, boulevard Saint Martin Paris Tél : [email protected] Photo credits: Luc Maréchaux, RFF, Alstom Transport, istockphoto. Documents and pictures may differ from actual products. Layout and Design: J. Baranger/NoMAD/CMM.fr with the contribution of Eurailtest joint venture laboratories. COM_CAT_001_FR