CELLULAR NETWORK TO THE LTE SYSTEM
|
|
- Jemimah Ramsey
- 8 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 CELLULAR NETWORK TO THE LTE SYSTEM 1 MADHUSUDHAN G., 2 S.V.MAHAPURUSH, 3 PRIYATAM KUMAR 1 Dept. of TCE J.N.N.C.E., Shimoga, Karnataka, India. 2 Dept. of ECE, SKSVMACET, Laxmeshwar, Karnataka, India. 3 Dept. of ECE, BVBCET, Hubli, Karnataka, India. Abstract- The 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) represents a major advance in cellular technology. LTE is designed to meet carrier needs for high-speed data and media transport as well as high-capacity voice support well into the next decade. LTE is well positioned to meet the requirements of next-generation mobile networks. It will enable operators to offer high performance, mass-market mobile broadband services, through a combination of high bit-rates and system throughput in both the uplink and downlink with low latency. LTE infrastructure is designed to be as simple as possible to deploy and operate, through flexible technology that can be deployed in a wide variety of frequency bands. LTE offers scalable bandwidths, from less than 5MHz up to 20MHz, together with support for both FDD paired and TDD unpaired spectrum. The LTE SAE architecture reduces the number of nodes, supports flexible network configurations and provides a high level of service availability. Furthermore, LTE SAE will interoperate with GSM, WCDMA/HSPA, TD-SCDMA and CDMA. I. INTRODUCTION The recent increase of mobile data usage and emergence of new applications such as MMOG (Multimedia Online Gaming), mobile TV, Web 2.0, streaming contents have motivated the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) to work on the Long- Term Evolution (LTE). LTE is the latest standard in the mobile network technology tree that previously realized the GSM/EDGE and UMTS / HSxPA network technologies that now account for over 85% of all mobile subscribers. LTE will ensure 3GPP s competitive edge over other cellular technologies. LTE, whose radio access is called Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN), is expected to substantially improve end-user throughputs, sector capacity and reduce user plane latency, bringing significantly improved user experience with full mobility. With the emergence of Internet Protocol (IP) as the protocol of choice for carrying all types of traffic, LTE is scheduled to provide support for IP-based traffic with end-to-end Quality of service (QoS). Voice traffic will be supported mainly as Voice over IP (VoIP) enabling better integration with other multimedia services. Initial deployments of LTE are expected by 2010 and commercial availability on a larger scale 1-2years later. Unlike HSPA (High Speed Packet Access), which was accommodated within the Release 99 UMTS architecture, 3GPP is specifying a new Packet Core, the Evolved Packet Core (EPC) network architecture to support the E- UTRAN through a reduction. In the number of network elements, simpler functionality,improved redundancy but most importantly allowing for connections and hand-over to other fixed line and wireless access technologies, giving the service providers the ability to deliver a seamless mobility experience. LTE has been set aggressive performance requirements that rely on physical layer technologies, such as, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) and Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) systems, Smart Antennas to achieve these targets. The main objectives of LTE are to minimize the system and User Equipment (UE) complexities; allow flexible spectrum deployment in existing or new frequency spectrum and to enable co-existence with other 3GPP Radio Access Technologies (RATs). LTE is backed by most 3GPP and 3GPP2 service providers who along with the other interested parties aim to complete and agree the EUTRANStandardsbyQ4-2007and the EPC byq II. EVOLUTION OF CELLULAR NETWORK A. 1G Mobile Communication System The 1G first generation mobile wireless communication system was analog system, which was based on a technology known as Advance Mobile Phone Service (AMPS). The AMPS system was frequency modulation radio system using frequency division multiple access (FDMA) with channel capacity of 30 KHz and frequency band was MHz. In MHz additional bandwidth was allocated to AMPS which was developed in Chicago, with coverage area of 2100 square miles. TABLE 1 : 1G CHARACTERISTIC The first generation specifications are shown in Table1. B. 2G Mobile Communication System The 2G second generation mobile communication system is digital system. This system was commercially launched in Finland in This 85
2 system is still mostly used in different parts of the world. This generation is for data and voice services. In this generation two digital modulation schemes are used; one is time division multiple access (TDMA) and the 2nd is code division multiple access (CDMA). The first digital system was introduced in TABLE 2 : 2G CHARACTERISTICS 1991 in United States. Three types of developments took place in 2nd generation wireless communication system, IS-54 (TDMA) in 1991, IS-95 (CDMA) in 1993, and IS-136 in 1996.The family of this generation consists of 2G, 2.5G and 2.75G. The specifications of this family are shown in the Table 2. C. 3G Mobile Communication System The evolution of GSM to 3G is about gradually adding more functionality, possibilities and value to the existing GSM network and business. In search of high speed, fast data rate capacity and good QoS, the evolution of mobile generation reached to 3rd generation mobile communication system. TABLE 3: 3G CHARACTERISTICS This system was adopted by Japan and South Korea in 2001 for the first time. 3G UMTSTM (universal mobile telephone service) is developed by ETSITM with in ITU s IMT-2000 framework. 3G mobile system is equally available with all cellular standards like CDMA, GSM, and TDMA under one umbrella. The main features of 3G technology include wireless web base access, multimedia services, , and video conferencing. D. 4G Mobile Communication System A huge increment in the mobile subscription has made the attention of researchers and industries to move the next generation of mobile wireless technology. The main aim of 4G technology is to provide high speed, high quality, high capacity and low cost services for example voice, multimedia and internet over IP. 4G is totally IP based technology with the capability of 100Mbps and 1Gbps speed for both indoor and outdoor. This generation is in the under development stage. 4G wireless technology should put together different presently existing and prospect wireless network technologies (e.g. OFDM, MC CDMA, LAS CDMA and Network LMDS ) to make sure that free movement and faultless roaming from one technology to another is achieved. The technologies under the 4G umbrella are; one is LTE (Long term evolution) and second is Wi MAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) 4G wireless technology should put together different presently existing and prospect wireless network technologies (e.g. OFDM, MC CDMA, LAS CDMA and Network LMDS) to make sure that free movement and faultless roaming from one technology to another is achieved. The technologies under the 4G umbrella are; one is LTE (Long term evolution) and second is Wi MAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) 86
3 III. BACKGROUND OF LTE During rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP)started to investigate requirements for UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN) LTE. Workshops were held with many telecommunications industry players. During these workshops it was agreed that feasibility study for new packet-only radio system will be started. During the feasibility study following key requirements was defined for the new system (Holma &Toskala, 2007) (UMTS Forum, 2008): Packet-switched domain optimization Roundtrip time between server and user equipment (UE) must be bellow 30ms and access delay below 300 ms Uplink peak rate 75 Mbps Downlink peak rate 300Mbps Improvements to mobility and security Terminal power efficiency improvements Wide frequency flexibility with 1.25/2.5, 5, 10, 15 and 20MHz allocations Capacity increase compared to 3GPP release 6 (HSDPA/HSUPA) LTE technology has many benefits when compared to current 3G networks. UMTS Forum (UMTS Forum, 2008) describes that from a technical point of view, the main objective of the LTE project is to offer higher data rates for both down- and uplink transmission. Another main improvement for LTE is to reduce packet latency. By reducing latency responsiveness of gaming, VoIP, videoconferencing and other real-time services are improved greatly. Dr. Michael Schopp defines that the main benefit of LTE is that it can deliver services at fixed line quality with cost of IP technologies. 3G Americas (3gamericas) argues that main benefits of LTE is the simplified and flat all IP architecture which helps to reduce both latency and cost of the network. Dahlman et all (Dahlman, ym.) defines that the benefits of LTE comes from increased data rates, improved spectrum efficiency, improved coverage, and reduced latency. TABLE 4: UPLINK AND DOWNLINK DATA RATES COMPARED TO HSPA AND LTE (UMTS FORUM, 2008) Based on all of these we can say that the LTE will bring benefits for many areas compared to current telecommunications networks. However the biggest competitive affect from the network operator point of view will be its reduced cost per bit. Market for UMTS/HSPA is estimated to grow until2013 but it is good to remember that LTE networks aren t in that far in the future. Some LTE networks are already ramped-up e.g. DoCoMo in Japan has a prototype LTE network (Fierce Broadband Wireless, 2009). Below figure 1 presents a basic time frame for different network improvements. Figure 1 Evolution Timeframe For Network Systems (Nokia Siemens Networks) IV. LTE TECHNOLOGY To reach the higher data rates and faster connection times LTE contains a new radio interface and access network. During 3GPP organized workshops it was agreed that the technology solution chosen for the LTE air interface uses Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM). Also to reach the agreed data levels multiple input / multiple output (MIMO) technologies, together with high rate modulation were agreed. (UMTS Forum, 2009) LTE uses the same principles as HSPA for scheduling of shared channel data and fast link adaptation. This enables the network to optimize cell performance dynamically. LTE does not contain dedicated channels carrying data to specific users because it is based entirely on shared and broadcast channels. This increases the efficiency of the air interface as the network no longer has to assign fixed levels of resource to each user but can allocate air interface resources according to real time demand. (UMTS Forum, 2009) 87
4 A. OFDMA 3GPP needed to make quite radical changes to LTE radio interface because enhancements to WCDMA technology could cause major problems with power consumption. Also the processing capability required in LTE would have made the resulting technology unsuitable for handheld mobile devices. OFDM based technology was chosen because it can achieve the targeted high data rates with simpler implementations involving relatively low cost and power-efficient hardware. (UMTS Forum, 2009).It is good to notice that OFDMA is used in the downlink of LTE but for the uplink Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA)technology is used. SC- FDMA is technically similar to OFDMA but it suits better for handheld devices because it is less demanding on battery power. (3GPP, 2008) (UMTS Forum, 2009) 5 MHz channel width causes constrains in data rates of WCDMA networks. To overcome these limitations in LTE networks bandwidths up to 20 MHz are deployed. If wider RF band such as 20 MHz would be used in WCDMA it could cause a group of delay problems which limits the achievable data rates in WCDMA. LTE removes these limitations by deploying OFDM technology to split the 20 MHz channel into many narrow sub-channels. Total data throughput is generated by combining these sub-channels together. (UMTS Forum, 2009) In Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) system different sub-channels are assigned to different users. Thousands of these narrow sub channels are deployed to send many messages simultaneously. Then those are combined at the receiver to make up one high speed message. (UMTS Forum, 2009) a channel of any given bandwidth is limited by noise (UMTS Forum, 2009). To minimize the effects of noise and to increase the spectrum utilization and link reliability LTE uses MIMO technique to send the data. The basic idea of MIMO is to use multiple antennas at receiver end and use multiple transmitters when sending the data. Before sending the data transmitter converts serial bit streams output by the source into multiple parallel sub streams. Then transmitter sends them via different transmit antennas using the same time slot and the same frequency band. After receiving data receiver separates out the original sub streams from the mixed signals using the non-correlation of signals on multiple receive antennas caused by multipath in the transmission. This leads to significant increases in achievable data rates and throughput. Shannon's Law applies to a single radio link between a transmitter and a receiver. By using MIMO technique Shannon s law can be bended a little bit. In MIMO each individual radio link is limited by Shannon s Law but collectively they can exceed it.(umts Forum, 2009) (Liu). Figure 3: MIMO FIGURE 2: OFDM B. MIMO Today s mobile networks are very noisy environments. Noise in the mobile networks is created by other users, neighboring cell sites and thermal background noise. Without noise, an infinite amount of information could be transmitted over a finite amount of spectrum. Shannon's Law formulated by mathematician Claude Shannon, states that there is a fundamental limit to the amount of information that can be transmitted over a communications link. The volume of error-free data that can be transmitted over C. SAE (System Architecture Evolution) The SAE defines the core network architecture for the LTE standard. The key features of SAE are: 1. An all IP network - Evolution of the core network towards flat, packet only all IP based architecture 2. Higher throughput, Lower latency radio access technologies. 3. Interoperability across heterogeneous radio access technologies. 4. Vertical handover between multiple Radio Access Technologies. FIGURE 4: THE SAE ARCHITECTURE 88
5 V. LTE ADVANTAGES LTE-based networks have upload and download speeds unheard of in the past. LTE opens the gate for many new, exciting, and more robust public safety applications. For example: Real-time video will become more robust and widely available in the field on mobile terminals, tablet devices, and smart phones, resulting in increased situational awareness for first responders. Police officers will be able to view and exchange digital photographs (e.g., mug shots) and fingerprint technology, greatly improving on-the-spot suspect identification and resulting in savings of time and resources. Fire personnel will have digital access to as-built building drawings and mapping programs in real time to improve fire ground situational awareness. Incident commanders and emergency managers will communicate through enhanced incident management software that will bridge the gap from the incident to the emergency operations center, greatly improving decision-making. Applications such as automated license plate recognition (LPR) systems and GPS-enabled navigation systems will provide real time notifications and alerts, including emerging hazards and geographically specific be-on the-look-out (BOLO) transmissions, all contributing to improvements in officer and civilian safety. With LTE and the nationwide network, first responders will gain access to innovative tools to assist them with their critical missions. They will be in a better position to take advantage of fast changing digital technology. LTE will revolutionize the way public safety responds to emergencies. Figure 1 illustrates how data speeds are enhanced through LTE technology. LTE has been adopted as a global standard because it increases the capacity and speed of wireless data networks. It has lower data transfer and connection set-up latency.it has improved support for devices that are in vehicles moving at high speeds Public safety has adopted LTE because, as a global standard, the network components and user devices are readily available and less expensive. A portable radio for public safety to be used on a LMR system may cost upwards of $7,000. By comparison, smart devices capable of accessing broadband LTE networks may cost only a few hundred dollars. CONCLUSION Data rates are growing rapidly in the mobile networks which are a very good sign for LTE. End users are starting to use the data services which are available 89 for them. More and more new services are launched to boost the usage of data in the mobile networks. To fulfill the growing demand operators needs to upgrade their networks to serve their customers better. LTE will bring 10 times higher data rates with 10 time s lower latency than current HSPA networks can provide. These advantages bring huge savings for operators. The LTE/SAE approach is also suitable for replacing existing CDMA2000 networks which provide e.g. Ericsson and Nokia Siemens Networks a great opportunity to penetrate new markets. It is also good to remember that LTE technology is very complicated especially when the network include GSM and UMTS parts. This causes great challenges to telecommunications infrastructure companies to make the needed inventions and make the new technology as reliable as the existing one. Also fierce competition on the telecommunications industry and global regression could cause delays to the LTE launches. Despite the great challenges that the new technology and global economics I would predict that during the next five years LTE networks will be deployed around the world. REFERENCES [1] 3gamericas. (n.d.). Q&A: LTE. Retrieved 2 22, 2009, from geid=561 [2] 3GPP. (2008). HSPA. Retrieved , 1,from3GPP [3] 3GPP. (2008). UTRA-UTRAN Long Term Evolution (LTE) and 3GPP System Architecture Evolution (SAE). Retrieved 2 25, 2009, from ftp://ftp.3gpp.org/inbox/2008_web_files/lta_paper.pdf [4] S.M.Chadchan & C.B.Akki 3GPP LTE/SAE: An Overview International Journal of Computer & Electrical Engineering Vol.2,No.5,October, [5] Toshio Miki, Tomoyuki Chya, Hishino & Narumi Umeda NTT Docomo INC wireless Labs The over view of the 4 th generation mobile communication system [6] Muhammad Farooq, Engr. Muhammad Ishtiaq Ahmed, Engr. Usman M Al Future Generations of Mobile Communication Networks Engr. [7] Ian F. Akyildiz, David M. Gutierrez-Estevez, Elias Chavarria Reyes The evolution to 4G cellular systems:lteadvanced PhysicalCommunication3(2010) www.elsevier.com/locate/phycom [8] [9] [10] Telecommunication: A Beginner s Guide Hill Associates, INC.Tata Mcgraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited. [11] GSM, cdmaone & 3G system by Raymond steele, Chin- Chun Lee & Peter goud John wiley & sons LTD. [12] Special edition usingh ISDN 2 nd edition by James Y. Bryce [13] Mobile Communications engineering theory & Applications 2 nd Edition by William C.Y.Lee [14] Technical white paper: Long Term Evolution (LTE): A Technical Overview
HSPA, LTE and beyond. HSPA going strong. PRESS INFORMATION February 11, 2011
HSPA, LTE and beyond The online multimedia world made possible by mobile broadband has changed people s perceptions of data speeds and network service quality. Regardless of where they are, consumers no
More informationLTE NETWORK ARCHITECTURE EVOLUTION
LTE NETWORK ARCHITECTURE EVOLUTION Ville Eerola Helsinki University of Technology ville.eerola@tkk.fi Abstract The aim of this paper is to give an overview of current mobile network architecture and the
More informationLTE Performance and Analysis using Atoll Simulation
IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IOSR-JEEE) e-issn: 2278-1676,p-ISSN: 2320-3331, Volume 9, Issue 6 Ver. III (Nov Dec. 2014), PP 68-72 LTE Performance and Analysis using Atoll Simulation
More informationLTE-Advanced Carrier Aggregation Optimization
Nokia Networks LTE-Advanced Carrier Aggregation Optimization Nokia Networks white paper LTE-Advanced Carrier Aggregation Optimization Contents Introduction 3 Carrier Aggregation in live networks 4 Multi-band
More informationImre Földes THE EVOLUTION OF MODERN CELLULAR NETWORKS
Budapest University of Technology and Economics Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Imre Földes THE EVOLUTION OF MODERN CELLULAR NETWORKS Research Report BUDAPEST, 2015 Contents 1 The early
More informationNokia Siemens Networks LTE 1800 MHz Introducing LTE with maximum reuse of GSM assets
Nokia Siemens Networks LTE 1800 MHz Introducing LTE with maximum reuse of GSM assets White paper Table of contents 1. Overview... 3 2. 1800 MHz spectrum... 3 3. Traffic Migration... 5 4. Deploying LTE-GSM
More information3GPP Wireless Standard
3GPP Wireless Standard Shishir Pandey School of Technology and Computer Science TIFR, Mumbai April 10, 2009 Shishir Pandey (TIFR) 3GPP Wireless Standard April 10, 2009 1 / 23 3GPP Overview 3GPP : 3rd Generation
More informationCooperative Techniques in LTE- Advanced Networks. Md Shamsul Alam
Cooperative Techniques in LTE- Advanced Networks Md Shamsul Alam Person-to-person communications Rich voice Video telephony, video conferencing SMS/MMS Content delivery Mobile TV High quality video streaming
More informationLTE, WLAN, BLUETOOTHB
LTE, WLAN, BLUETOOTHB AND Aditya K. Jagannatham FUTURE Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur Commonwealth of Learning Vancouver 4G LTE LTE (Long Term Evolution) is the 4G wireless cellular standard developed
More informationThe future of mobile networking. David Kessens <david.kessens@nsn.com>
The future of mobile networking David Kessens Introduction Current technologies Some real world measurements LTE New wireless technologies Conclusion 2 The future of mobile networking
More informationApp coverage. ericsson White paper Uen 284 23-3212 Rev B August 2015
ericsson White paper Uen 284 23-3212 Rev B August 2015 App coverage effectively relating network performance to user experience Mobile broadband networks, smart devices and apps bring significant benefits
More informationWiMAX and the IEEE 802.16m Air Interface Standard - April 2010
WiMAX and the IEEE 802.16m Air Interface Standard - April 2010 Introduction The IEEE 802.16e-2005 amendment to the IEEE Std 802.16-2004 Air Interface Standard which added Scalable-Orthogonal Frequency
More informationForeword... 2 Introduction to VoIP... 3 SIP:... 3 H.323:... 4 SER:... 4 Cellular network... 4 GSM... 5 GPRS... 6 3G... 6 Wimax... 7 Introduction...
Foreword... 2 Introduction to VoIP... 3 SIP:... 3 H.323:... 4 SER:... 4 Cellular network... 4 GSM... 5 GPRS... 6 3G... 6 Wimax... 7 Introduction... 7 Fixed-WiMAX based on the IEEE 802.16-2004... 8 Mobile
More informationHSPA+ and LTE Test Challenges for Multiformat UE Developers
HSPA+ and LTE Test Challenges for Multiformat UE Developers Presented by: Jodi Zellmer, Agilent Technologies Agenda Introduction FDD Technology Evolution Technology Overview Market Overview The Future
More informationProposal for Candidate Radio Interface Technologies for IMT-Advanced Based on LTE Release 10 and Beyond (LTE-Advanced)
3GPP IMT-Advanced Evaluation Workshop Beijing, China, 17-18 December, 2009 Proposal for Candidate Radio Interface Technologies for IMT-Advanced Based on LTE Release 10 and Beyond (LTE-Advanced) Takehiro
More informationWireless Cellular Networks: 3G
Wireless Cellular Networks: 3G Raj Jain Washington University Saint Louis, MO 63131 Jain@cse.wustl.edu These slides are available on-line at: http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cse574-06/ 7-1 Overview Wireless
More informationFixed, nomadic, portable and mobile applications for 802.16-2004 and 802.16e WiMAX networks
Fixed, nomadic, portable and mobile applications for 802.16-2004 and 802.16e WiMAX networks November 2005 Prepared by Senza Fili Consulting on behalf of the WIMAX Forum Executive Summary The WiMAX Forum
More informationGSM v. CDMA: Technical Comparison of M2M Technologies
GSM v. CDMA: Technical Comparison of M2M Technologies Introduction Aeris provides network and data analytics services for Machine-to- Machine ( M2M ) and Internet of Things ( IoT ) applications using multiple
More information1G to 4G. Overview. Presentation By Rajeev Bansal Director(Mobile-1) Telecommunication Engineering Centre
1G to 4G Overview Presentation By Rajeev Bansal Director(Mobile-1) Telecommunication Engineering Centre Mobile Networks differentiated from each other by the word Generation 1G, 2G, 2.5G, 2.75G, 3G milestones
More informationNokia Siemens Networks Flexi Network Server
Nokia Siemens Networks Flexi Network Server Ushering network control into the LTE era 1. Moving towards LTE Rapidly increasing data volumes in mobile networks, pressure to reduce the cost per transmitted
More informationMobile Communications TCS 455
Mobile Communications TCS 455 Dr. Prapun Suksompong prapun@siit.tu.ac.th Lecture 26 1 Office Hours: BKD 3601-7 Tuesday 14:00-16:00 Thursday 9:30-11:30 Announcements Read the following from the SIIT online
More informationWireless Technologies for the 450 MHz band
Wireless Technologies for the 450 MHz band By CDG 450 Connectivity Special Interest Group (450 SIG) September 2013 1. Introduction Fast uptake of Machine- to Machine (M2M) applications and an installed
More informationDimensioning, configuration and deployment of Radio Access Networks. part 5: HSPA and LTE HSDPA. Shared Channel Transmission
HSDPA Dimensioning, configuration and deployment of Radio Access Networks. part 5: HSPA and LTE Enhanced Support for Downlink Packet Data Higher Capacity Higher Peak data rates Lower round trip delay Part
More informationThroughput for TDD and FDD 4 G LTE Systems
Throughput for TDD and FDD 4 G LTE Systems Sonia Rathi, Nisha Malik, Nidhi Chahal, Sukhvinder Malik Abstract Long Term Evolution (LTE) has been designed to support only packet-switched services. It aims
More informationLTE and Network Evolution
ITU-T Workshop on Bridging the Standardization Gap and Interactive Training Session (Nadi, Fiji, 4 6 July 2011 ) LTE and Network Evolution JO, Sungho Deputy Senior Manager, SKTelecom Nadi, Fiji, 4 6 July
More informationBringing Mobile Broadband to Rural Areas. Ulrich Rehfuess Head of Spectrum Policy and Regulation Nokia Siemens Networks
Bringing Mobile Broadband to Rural Areas Ulrich Rehfuess Head of Spectrum Policy and Regulation Nokia Siemens Networks Agenda Drivers in Mobile Broadband Why LTE? Market Status, Networks and Devices Implementation
More informationDiameter in the Evolved Packet Core
Diameter in the Evolved Packet Core A Whitepaper November 2009 Page 2 DIAMETER in the Evolved Packet Core Mobile broadband is becoming a reality, as the Internet generation grows accustomed to having broadband
More information1 Introduction 1 1.1 Services and Applications for HSPA 3 1.2 Organization of the Book 6 References 7
Figures and Tables About the Authors Preface Foreword Acknowledgements xi xix xxi xxiii xxv 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Services and Applications for HSPA 3 1.2 Organization of the Book 6 References 7 2 Overview
More informationEvolution of the Air Interface From 2G Through 4G and Beyond
Evolution of the Air Interface From 2G Through 4G and Beyond Presentation to IEEE Ottawa Section / Alliance of IEEE Consultants Network (AICN) - 2nd May 2012 Frank Rayal BLiNQ Networks/ Telesystem Innovations
More informationComparing WiMAX and HSPA+ White Paper
Comparing WiMAX and HSPA+ White Paper Introduction HSPA+ or HSPA Evolved is the next step in the 3GPP evolution. With 3GPP Rel-7 and Rel-8, several new features are added to this 3G WCDMA technology,
More informationLTE and WiMax Technology and Performance Comparison
LTE and WiMax Technology and Performance Comparison Dr.-Ing. Carsten Ball Nokia Siemens Networks Radio Access, GERAN &OFDM Systems: RRM and Simulations EW2007 Panel Tuesday, 3rd April, 2007 1 Nokia Siemens
More informationWHITE PAPER. Realistic LTE Performance From Peak Rate to Subscriber Experience
WHITE PAPER Realistic LTE Performance From Peak Rate to Subscriber Experience Realistic LTE Performance From Peak Rate to Subscriber Experience Introduction Peak data rates are often perceived as actual
More informationLTE Perspective. Ericsson Inc. Sridhar vadlamudi LTE HEAD, India
LTE Perspective Ericsson Inc. Sridhar vadlamudi LTE HEAD, India Topics Mobile Broadband growth Why LTE? Trials/Commercial deployments Public Ericsson AB 2010 2010-05-31 Page 2 A wider vision: Everything
More informationLong-Term Evolution. Mobile Telecommunications Networks WMNet Lab
Long-Term Evolution Mobile Telecommunications Networks WMNet Lab Background Long-Term Evolution Define a new packet-only wideband radio with flat architecture as part of 3GPP radio technology family 2004:
More informationChapter 3 Cellular Networks. Wireless Network and Mobile Computing Professor: Dr. Patrick D. Cerna
Chapter 3 Cellular Networks Wireless Network and Mobile Computing Professor: Dr. Patrick D. Cerna Objectives! Understand Cellular Phone Technology! Know the evolution of evolution network! Distinguish
More informationWhat is going on in Mobile Broadband Networks?
Nokia Networks What is going on in Mobile Broadband Networks? Smartphone Traffic Analysis and Solutions White Paper Nokia Networks white paper What is going on in Mobile Broadband Networks? Contents Executive
More informationTHE EVOLUTION OF EDGE
285 23-3107 Uen Rev A THE EVOLUTION OF EDGE February 2007 White Paper With EDGE Evolution higher data rates and improved coverage will be introduced, further strengthening GSM/EDGE as being an attractive
More informationMNS Viewpoint: LTE EVOLUTION IN AFRICA 1. Introduction
MNS Viewpoint: LTE EVOLUTION IN AFRICA 1. Introduction Wireless communications have evolved rapidly since the emergence of 2G networks. 4G technology (also called LTE), enables to answer the new data market
More informationVoLTE with SRVCC: White Paper October 2012
VoLTE with SRVCC: White Paper October 2012 Qualcomm VoLTE with SRVCC: The second phase of voice evolution for mobile LTE devices LTE Growth The 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) high-speed, highcapacity data
More informationWhite paper. Mobile broadband with HSPA and LTE capacity and cost aspects
White paper Mobile broadband with HSPA and LTE capacity and cost aspects Contents 3 Radio capacity of mobile broadband 7 The cost of mobile broadband capacity 10 Summary 11 Abbreviations The latest generation
More informationHSPA: High Speed Wireless Broadband From HSDPA to HSUPA and beyond. HSPA: High Speed Wireless Broadband From HSDPA to HSUPA and Beyond
HSPA: High Speed Wireless Broadband From HSDPA to HSUPA and beyond HSPA: High Speed Wireless Broadband From HSDPA to HSUPA and Beyond Introduction... 3 HSPA Explained... 3 HSPA Technology... 4 HSDPA...4
More informationWireless Broadband Access
Wireless Broadband Access (Brought to you by RMRoberts.com) Mobile wireless broadband is a term used to describe wireless connections based on mobile phone technology. Broadband is an electronics term
More informationHuawei Answer to ARCEP s public consultation on the challenges tied to new frequency bands for electronic communication services access networks
Huawei Answer to ARCEP s public consultation on the challenges tied to new frequency bands for electronic communication services access networks July 2007-26 September 2007 Question no. 1: What is your
More information3GPP Technologies: Load Balancing Algorithm and InterNetworking
2014 4th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence with Applications in Engineering and Technology 3GPP Technologies: Load Balancing Algorithm and InterNetworking Belal Abuhaija Faculty of Computers
More informationNSN White paper February 2014. Nokia Solutions and Networks Smart Scheduler
NSN White paper February 2014 Nokia Solutions and Networks Smart Scheduler CONTENTS 1. Introduction 3 2. Smart Scheduler Features and Benefits 4 3. Smart Scheduler wit Explicit Multi-Cell Coordination
More informationComparison of 3G and LTE with other Generation
Comparison of 3G and LTE with other Generation Kanupriya Singh Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering Amity University, Noida, India Sanjeev Thakur Dept.of Computer Science and Engineering Amity University,
More informationInternational Cooperation in the Introduction and Promotion of Next Generation Mobile Networks
International Cooperation in the Introduction and Promotion of Next Generation Mobile Networks NGMN International Standardization Super 3G International Cooperation in the Introduction and Promotion of
More informationMobile Computing. Basic Call Calling terminal Network Called terminal 10/25/14. Public Switched Telephone Network - PSTN. CSE 40814/60814 Fall 2014
Mobile Computing CSE 40814/60814 Fall 2014 Public Switched Telephone Network - PSTN Transit switch Transit switch Long distance network Transit switch Local switch Outgoing call Incoming call Local switch
More informationPradipta Biswas Roll No. 04IT6007 M. Tech. (IT) School of Information Technology Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur
Pradipta Biswas Roll No. 04IT6007 M. Tech. (IT) School of Information Technology Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur ABSTRACT W-CDMA (Wideband Code-Division Multiple Access), an ITU standard derived
More informationWorld LTE Trends LTE INDONESIA: TECHNOLOGY, REGULATION, ECOSYSTEM & APPLICATION MASTEL Event, July 16 th Guillaume Mascot
World LTE Trends LTE INDONESIA: TECHNOLOGY, REGULATION, ECOSYSTEM & APPLICATION MASTEL Event, July 16 th Guillaume Mascot 1 AGENDA 1 Worldwide and regional Trends 2 enodeb Spectrum & & eutran Eco-system
More informationCHAPTER - 4 CHANNEL ALLOCATION BASED WIMAX TOPOLOGY
CHAPTER - 4 CHANNEL ALLOCATION BASED WIMAX TOPOLOGY 4.1. INTRODUCTION In recent years, the rapid growth of wireless communication technology has improved the transmission data rate and communication distance.
More informationEPL 657 Wireless Networks
EPL 657 Wireless Networks Some fundamentals: Multiplexing / Multiple Access / Duplex Infrastructure vs Infrastructureless Panayiotis Kolios Recall: The big picture... Modulations: some basics 2 Multiplexing
More informationMobile Wireless Overview
Mobile Wireless Overview A fast-paced technological transition is occurring today in the world of internetworking. This transition is marked by the convergence of the telecommunications infrastructure
More information4G-Quadruple Play High Speed Mobile Broadband Technologies
4G-Quadruple Play High Speed Mobile Broadband Technologies Author: Venkat Annadata Next Generation Networks. Abstract: 4G or the 4th generation technologies promise the full mobility with high speed internet
More informationData Transfer Rate Comparison
LTE Broadband and Public Safety David Fein, Project Manager November 2011 Executive Overview Long Term Evolution (LTE) is a relatively new standard for wireless communications, adopted by commercial and
More informationMobile broadband for all
ericsson White paper Uen 284 23-3195 Rev B March 2015 Mobile broadband for all optimizing radio technologies As operators roll out LTE 4G networks, WCDMA/HSPA 3G technology is rapidly shifting from the
More informationUTRA-UTRAN Long Term Evolution (LTE) and 3GPP System Architecture Evolution (SAE)
UTRA-UTRAN Long Term Evolution (LTE) and 3GPP System Architecture Evolution (SAE) Long Term Evolution of the 3GPP radio technology 3GPP work on the Evolution of the 3G Mobile System started with the RAN
More informationUse Current Success to Develop Future Business
>THIS IS THE WAY Use Current Success to Develop Future Business Malur Narayan / Nitin Khanna February 2005 >THIS IS Wireless Broadband Opportunities & Segments Mobile Broadband Access Enterprise Broadband
More informationEnd to End Delay Performance Evaluation for VoIP in the LTE Network
ENSC 427 COMMUNICATION NETWORKS SPRING 2013 Final Project Presentation End to End Delay Performance Evaluation for VoIP in the LTE Network Dai, Hongxin Ishita, Farah Lo, Hao Hua danield @ sfu.ca fishita
More informationEmerging high speed technology in mobile communication: 4G
IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE) e-issn: 2278-0661,p-ISSN: 2278-8727 PP 10-14 www.iosrjournals.org Emerging high speed technology in mobile communication: 4G Shrikant R Tripathi 1 and Nitesh
More informationMIGRATING PUBLIC SAFETY NETWORKS TO IP/MPLS
AVIAT NETWORKS MIGRATING PUBLIC SAFETY NETWORKS TO IP/MPLS CHOOSING THE RIGHT MICROWAVE PLATFORM converging w i r e l e s s networks This paper explores the migration strategy for Public Safety (PS) networks
More informationGSM Network and Services
GSM Network and Services Cellular networks GSM Network and Services 2G1723 Johan Montelius 1 The name of the game The number one priority for mobile/cellular networks is to implement full-duplex voice
More informationLTE protocol tests for IO(D)T and R&D using the R&S CMW500
LTE protocol tests for IO(D)T and R&D using the R&S CMW500 The standardization of layer 3 signaling for the new UMTS long term evolution (LTE) standard is almost complete, and Rohde & Schwarz is ready
More informationCOMPARISON BASED ON VARIOUS PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS BETWEEN WIMAX AND LTE USING NS2
COMPARISON BASED ON VARIOUS PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS BETWEEN WIMAX AND LTE USING NS2 Prof. Tilottama Dhake 1, Pratik Gala 2, Keval Jain 3, Bhavesh Mayekar 4, Priyal Shah 5 Abstract: In telecommunications,
More informationMobility and cellular networks
Mobility and cellular s Wireless WANs Cellular radio and PCS s Wireless data s Satellite links and s Mobility, etc.- 2 Cellular s First generation: initially debuted in Japan in 1979, analog transmission
More informationAttenuation (amplitude of the wave loses strength thereby the signal power) Refraction Reflection Shadowing Scattering Diffraction
Wireless Physical Layer Q1. Is it possible to transmit a digital signal, e.g., coded as square wave as used inside a computer, using radio transmission without any loss? Why? It is not possible to transmit
More informationShould Pakistan Leapfrog the Developed World in Broadband? By: Syed Ismail Shah Iqra University Islamabad Campus E-mail: ismail@iqraisb.edu.
Should Pakistan Leapfrog the Developed World in Broadband? By: Syed Ismail Shah Iqra University Islamabad Campus E-mail: ismail@iqraisb.edu.pk Should Pakistan Leapfrog the Developed World in Broadband?
More informationGet the best performance from your LTE Network with MOBIPASS
Get the best performance from your LTE Network with MOBIPASS The most powerful, user friendly and scalable enodeb test tools family for Network Equipement Manufacturers and Mobile Network Operators Network
More informationLTE-SAE architecture and performance
LTE-SAE architecture and performance Per Beming, Lars Frid, Göran Hall, Peter Malm, Thomas Noren, Magnus Olsson and Göran Rune LTE-SAE (Long-term evolution system architecture evolution) systems promise
More informationUpcoming Enhancements to LTE: R9 R10 R11!
Upcoming Enhancements to LTE: R9 R10 R11! Jayant Kulkarni Award Solutions jayant@awardsolutions.com Award Solutions Dallas-based wireless training and consulting company Privately held company founded
More information3G smartphones. ericsson White paper Uen 284 23-3250 February 2015
ericsson White paper Uen 284 23-3250 February 2015 3G smartphones optimizing user experience and network efficiency Rapid global smartphone uptake is creating new mobile data traffic patterns. There is
More informationSimplified network architecture delivers superior mobile broadband
White paper Simplified network architecture delivers superior mobile broadband Profitable wireless broadband with Internet-HSPA Contents 3 Executive Summary 4 Mobile data traffic is growing strongly 5
More informationNext Generation of Railways and Metros wireless communication systems IRSE ASPECT 2012 Alain BERTOUT Alcatel-Lucent
Next Generation of Railways and Metros wireless communication systems IRSE ASPECT 2012 Alain BERTOUT Alcatel-Lucent Slide 1 Wireless communication: What s at stake for Rail? Some of the key challenges
More informationPhysical Layer. Communication Satellites. ECE 453 Introduction to Computer Networks. Lecture 3 Physical Layer II
ECE 453 Introduction to Computer Networks Lecture 3 Physical Layer II 1 Physical Layer Services transmit bits from sender to receiver. Transmission media Guided: twisted pair, coax, fiber Unguided (wireless):
More informationIndian Journal of Advances in Computer & Information Engineering Volume.1 Number.1 January-June 2013, pp.1-5 @ Academic Research Journals.
Cellular System Rajat Chugh, Parag Jasoria, Tushar Arora, Nitin Ginotra and Vivek Anand V Semester, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Dronacharya College of Engineering, Khentawas, Farukhnagar,
More informationLTE BACKHAUL REQUIREMENTS: A REALITY CHECK
By: Peter Croy, Sr. Network Architect, Aviat Networks INTRODUCTION LTE mobile broadband technology is now being launched across the world with more than 140 service providers committed to implement it
More informationEvolution in Mobile Radio Networks
Evolution in Mobile Radio Networks Multiple Antenna Systems & Flexible Networks InfoWare 2013, July 24, 2013 1 Nokia Siemens Networks 2013 The thirst for mobile data will continue to grow exponentially
More informationCDMA Network Planning
CDMA Network Planning by AWE Communications GmbH www.awe-com.com Contents Motivation Overview Network Planning Module Air Interface Cell Load Interference Network Simulation Simulation Results by AWE Communications
More informationLTE Overview October 6, 2011
LTE Overview October 6, 2011 Robert Barringer Enterprise Architect AT&T Proprietary (Internal Use Only) Not for use or disclosure outside the AT&T companies except under written agreement LTE Long Term
More informationIntroduction to Wireless Communications and Networks
Introduction to Wireless Communications and Networks Tongtong Li Dept. Electrical and Computer Engineering East Lansing, MI 48824 tongli@egr.msu.edu 1 Outline Overview of a Communication System Digital
More informationChapters 1-21 Introduction to Wireless Communication Systems
Chapters 1-21 Introduction to Wireless Communication Systems Yimin Zhang, Ph.D. Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering Villanova University http://yiminzhang.com/ece8708 Yimin Zhang, Villanova
More informationwhite paper LTE: The Future of Mobile Broadband Technology
white paper LTE: The Future of Mobile Broadband Technology white paper LTE: The Future of Mobile Broadband Technology Content 1. Introduction...3 1.1 Audience...3 2. Executive Summary...3 3. The Benefits
More informationCS263: Wireless Communications and Sensor Networks
CS263: Wireless Communications and Sensor Networks Matt Welsh Lecture 4: Medium Access Control October 5, 2004 2004 Matt Welsh Harvard University 1 Today's Lecture Medium Access Control Schemes: FDMA TDMA
More informationFPGAs in Next Generation Wireless Networks
FPGAs in Next Generation Wireless Networks March 2010 Lattice Semiconductor 5555 Northeast Moore Ct. Hillsboro, Oregon 97124 USA Telephone: (503) 268-8000 www.latticesemi.com 1 FPGAs in Next Generation
More informationLTE Mobility Enhancements
Qualcomm Incorporated February 2010 Table of Contents [1] Introduction... 1 [2] LTE Release 8 Handover Procedures... 2 2.1 Backward Handover... 2 2.2 RLF Handover... 3 2.3 NAS Recovery... 5 [3] LTE Forward
More informationLTE: an introduction. LTE offers a superior user experience and simplified technology
LTE: an introduction LTE offers a superior user experience and simplified technology Executive summary Mobile broadband is a reality today and is growing fast, as members of the internet generation grow
More informationBroadband data performance of third-generation mobile systems
Broadband data performance of third-generation mobile systems Johan Sköld, Magnus Lundevall, Stefan Parkvall and Magnus Sundelin The rapid, widespread deployment of WCDMA and an increasing uptake of third-generation
More informationAppendix A: Basic network architecture
Appendix A: Basic network architecture TELECOMMUNICATIONS LOCAL ACCESS NETWORKS Traditionally, telecommunications networks are classified as either fixed or mobile, based on the degree of mobility afforded
More informationHow To Understand The Gsm And Mts Mobile Network Evolution
Mobile Network Evolution Part 1 GSM and UMTS GSM Cell layout Architecture Call setup Mobility management Security GPRS Architecture Protocols QoS EDGE UMTS Architecture Integrated Communication Systems
More informationHow To Know If You Are Safe To Use An Antenna (Wired) Or Wireless (Wireless)
1 2 The range of RF spans 3 KHz (3000 Hz) to 300 GHz (300 million Hz) Frequencies of RF devices range from the low frequency AM broadcasts (80 MHz) to higher frequency mobile phones (1900 MHz) smart meters
More informationUltimate Wireless Broadband End-to-end Solution for LTE Public Safety
Ultimate Wireless Broadband End-to-end Solution for LTE Public Safety Today s leading wireless broadband technology can speed response times, enhance emergency management and help save more lives A growing
More informationUnlicensed Mobile Access (UMA) Handover and Packet Data Performance Analysis
Unlicensed Mobile Access (UMA) Handover and Packet Data Performance Analysis Andres Arjona Nokia Siemens Networks andres.arjona@nsn.com Hannu Verkasalo Helsinki University of Technology hannu.verkasalo@tkk.fi
More informationChapter 1: Introduction
Chapter 1: Introduction Jyh-Cheng Chen and Tao Zhang IP-Based Next-Generation Wireless Networks Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. January 2004 This material is protected under all Copyright Laws as
More informationThe GSM and GPRS network T-110.300/301
The GSM and GPRS network T-110.300/301 History The successful analog 1:st generation mobile telephone systems proved that there is a market for mobile telephones ARP (AutoRadioPuhelin) in Finland NMT (Nordic
More informationCopyright Telefon AB LM Ericsson 2009. All rights reserved 11. Ericsson Capital Markets Day May 8, 2009
Copyright Telefon AB LM Ericsson 2009. All rights reserved 11 Ericsson Capital Markets Day May 8, 2009 Oscar Gestblom Marketing Director, Networks Martin Ljungberg Product Manager - Mobile Broadband Networks
More informationEmerging Wireless Technologies
Emerging Wireless Technologies QCHAT The Future of Push-to-Talk Communications Foreword: The Public Safety Wireless Network (PSWN) Program is conducting an ongoing assessment of advancements in the wireless
More informationComparison of LTE and WiMAX on the Basis of Qualities
Comparison of LTE and WiMAX on the Basis of Qualities Poonam M.Bhagat, Prasad S.Halgaonkar, Vijay M.Wadhai Department of Computer Engg, MITCOE- Pune University, India Department of Computer Engg, MITCOE-
More informationCAMBIUM POINT-TO-MULTIPOINT SOLUTIONS CONNECT YOUR WORLD
CONNECT YOUR WORLD CONNECT EVERYONE EVERYWHERE Whatever your world looks like, you need high-speed voice, data and video communications serving multiple people in multiple locations. What s the optimal
More informationMobile Broadband of Deutsche Telekom AG LTE to cover White Spaces. Karl-Heinz Laudan Deutsche Telekom AG 16 June 2011
Mobile Broadband of Deutsche Telekom AG LTE to cover White Spaces Karl-Heinz Laudan Deutsche Telekom AG 16 June 2011 Spectrum is the basis for any mobile radio communication service Satellites (1,5 2,2
More information