Environmental profile of building elements details per variant. 1. Load-bearing interior wall

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1 Environmental profile of building elements details per variant. Load-bearing interior wall

2 Domentbeschrijving. Publication title Environmental profile of building elements, details per variant: load-bearing interior wall geïntegreerde milieubeoordeling details per van variant: materialengebruik load-bearing interior gebouwen wall. Published by Danny Wille, OVAM, Stationsstraat, 8 Mechelen. Number of pages 8 6. Price* /. Legal deposit D///. Number of tables and figures tables and figures 7. Date of publication June 8. Keywords building materials; building elements; environmental impact; assessment; method of determination 9. Summary Building professionals and the government currently have to resort to foreign environmental classification systems to acquire an insight into the Environmental Performance of Materials used in Buildings and Building Elements (MMG: Milieugerelateerde Materiaalprestatie van Gebouw(element)en). However, often the tools and information involved are not transparent and/or not specifically related to the Flemish-Belgian building context. This publication proposes a database of environmental profiles of variants of building elements, all of which are specific for the Flemish-Belgian building context. It offers an open and transparent presentation of the MMG method of determination that was used as the basis for the calculation of the environmental profiles. Although the resulting building materials methodology is far from final, it is a dynamic model (including a determination method) that will be fine-tuned and expanded in the future. In that context, this publication should be perceived as a communication tool to facilitate the dialogue with stakeholders in the future.. Guidance group and/or author Authors: Karen Allacker (KU Leuven), Wim Debacker (VITO), Laetitia Delem (BBRI), Leo De Nocker (VITO), Frank De Troyer (KU Leuven), An Janssen (BBRI), Karolien Peeters (VITO), Roos Servaes (OVAM), Carolin Spirinckx (VITO), Johan Van Dessel (BBRI). [KU Leuven: Catholic University of Leuven; VITO: Flemish Institute for Technological Research; BBRI: Belgian Building Research Institute (BBRI); OVAM: Public Waste Agency Flanders]. Contact person(s) OVAM Roos Servaes, Philippe Van de Velde VITO Wim Debacker, Carolin Spirinckx KU Leuven Frank De Troyer BBRI Johan Van Dessel. Other titles on this subject Milieugerelateerde Materiaalprestatie van Gebouwelementen (MMG report) ( The use of data from this document is permitted, provided that the source is properly quoted. Most OVAM publications can be consulted and/or downloaded on the OVAM website:

3 Environmental profile of building elements: details per variant. Load-bearing interior wall.

4 Table V : overview of the composition of the variants load-bearing interior wall ()+ interior wall (load-bearing and non-load-bearing):environmental impact per m² wall, 8 types load-bearing and non-load-bearing Lblw_hollow brick acrylic paint gypsum plaster hollow brick (brickwork) cm clay gypsum plaster Lblw_concrete acrylic paint gypsum plaster concrete (in situ) cm new gypsum plaster Lblw_timber frame acrylic paint gypsum plaster timber frame ( cm, filled with glass wool) gypsum plaster Lblw_calcarinite acrylic paint gypsum plaster calcarenite (glued) cm gypsum plaster Lblw_aircrete acrylic paint gypsum plaster aircrete cm gypsum plaster 6 7 Lblw6_hollow concrete Lblw7_fair-faced concrete block acrylic paint gypsum plaster hollow concrete cm gypsum plaster acrylic paint acrylic paint acrylic paint acrylic paint acrylic paint acrylic paint load-bearing load-bearing load-bearing load-bearing load-bearing load-bearing / / fair-faced blocks (concrete) / / load-bearing.

5 Table CEN : overview of the individual CEN indicators for the variants load-bearing interior walls Climate change Ozone depletion Acidification (land) Eutrophication Photochem. oxidant form. Depletion - non-fossil Depletion - fossil kg CO eq kg CFC- eq kg SO eq kg PO--- eq kg CH kg Sb eq MJ, net cal Load-bearing interior wall Lblw_hollow brick 7,E+ 6,E-6,7E- 7,67E-,E-,E- 7,9E+ Lblw_concrete 8,66E+,9E-6,87E-,7E-,E-,7E- 9,8E+ Lblw_timber frame,99e+,9e-6,6e- 9,8E-,E-,7E- 7,67E+ Lblw_calcarinite 7,9E+ 7,9E-6,E- 7,7E-,7E-,6E- 8,7E+ Lblw_aircrete 7,7E+ 6,E-6,9E- 7,6E-,E-,6E- 7,E+ Lblw6_hollow concrete 8,E+,66E-6,7E- 8,E-,6E-,E- 7,8E+ Lblw7_fair-faced concrete block,9e+,77e-6,9e-,7e-,77e-,8e-,e+ overview.

6 Table CEN+ : overview of the individual CEN+ indicators for the variants load-bearing interior wall Lblw_hollow brick human toxicity particulate matter formation (PM) Ionising radiation (humans) DALY DALY DALY ecotox. (terrestrial) kg,-db eq ecotox. (fresh water) kg,-db eq ecotox. (marine) kg,-db eq Load-bearing interior wall land occupation (forest) land land transf. land transf. occupation (nature) (rainforest) (urban) water species.yr species.yr species.yr species.yr m 7,9E-6 9,E-,7E-7,76E-,6E-,6E-,E- 8,9E-9,7E-8,8E-9,8E- Lblw_concrete,8E-,8E-,E-7,E-,9E-,8E-,E-,E-8,7E-8,E-9,8E+ Lblw_timber frame Lblw_ calcarinite,6e-,6e-,e-7,7e-,e-,e-,e-,e-8,98e-8 7,7E-9,7E- 7,96E-6,E-,8E-7,96E-,8E-,8E-,E-,9E-8,8E-8,98E-9 7,7E- Lblw_aircrete 8,E-6 8,9E-,8E-7,7E-,7E-,E-,E- 9,9E-9 6,E-9,8E-9,86E- Lblw6_hollow concrete Lblw7_fairfaced concrete block 9,E-6,8E-,8E-7,8E-,7E-,6E-,E-,E-8,66E-8,E-9 8,8E-,9E-6 7,E-,E-7,8E-,E-,E-,9E-8 8,9E-9,E-8,E-9,6E- overview overview CEN.6

7 heating CEN+ heating CEN CEN+ excluding heating CEN excluding heating Figure E : Aggregated environmental profiles (split up into CEN and CEN+) of several building element variants load-bearing interior wall, expressed in monetary units and distinguishing between purely materials-related and heat-transfer-related environmental impact..7

8 land transf. (rainforest) land occupation (urban) land occupation (forest) ecotox. (marine) ecotox. (fresh water) ecotox. (terrestrial) ionising radiation (humans) particulate matter formation (PM) human toxicity depletion - non-fossil photochem. oxidant form. eutrophication (marine) eutrophication (fresh water) acidification (land) ozone depletion climate change Figure I : Aggregated environmental profiles (split up into CEN and CEN+) for several building element variant load-bearing interior wall per environmental indicator, expressed in monetary units..8

9 heating_cen+ heating_cen EOL_CEN+ EOL_CEN transport to EOL_CEN+ transport to EOL_CEN demolition_cen+ demolition_cen replacement of elements_cen+ replacement of elements_cen replacement of sub-elements_cen+ replacement of sub-elements_cen major maintenance_cen+ major maintenance_cen small maintenance_cen+ small maintenance_cen cleaning_cen+ cleaning_cen construction_cen+ construction_cen transport to site_cen+ transport to site_cen production_cen+ production_cen Figure L : Aggregated environmental profiles (split up into CEN and CEN+) for several building element variants load-bearing interior wall per life cycle stage, expressed in monetary units..9

10 .. Lblw_hollow brick Table.: overview of the detailed composition of variant Lblw_hollow brick Description u MiM MaM Repl Repl Type Ratio t (m) λ (W/m.K) R (m².k/w) Lblw_hollow brick Internal wall - loadbearing - primary part - blocks/stones - building bricks (9xx), incl. mortar Wall finishes, internal - plaster - gypsum on brickwork - with machine (for paint or wall paper) Wall finishes, internal - treatment of closing sub-element - painting on gypsum plaster - acrylic paint m necessary,,, m aesthetic,,, m aesthetic na u: unit; MiM: minor maintenance frequency; MaM: major maintenance frequency; Repl: replacement frequency; type Repl: type of replacement (necessary or aesthetic); ratio: quantity per m²; t: layer thickness (in m); λ: heat conduction coefficient (in W/m.K); R: thermal resistance = t/λ (in m.k/w).

11 9 8 7 LbIw_hollow brick CEN: 8, CEN+:, TOTAAL:,86 heating (transmission) EOL transport to EOL 6 demolition replacement of elements replacement of sub-elements major maintenance small maintenance cleaning construction transport to site CEN CEN+ production Figure interior wall..: Aggregated environmental profile (divided into CEN and CEN+) of variant Lblw_hollow brick per life cycle stage, expressed in monetary units..

12 LbIw_hollow brick 9 8 land transf. (rainforest) land occupation (urban) land occupation (forest) ecotox. (marine) CEN: 8, CEN+:, TOTAAL:, ecotox. (fresh water) ecotox. (terrestrial) ionising radiation (humans) particulate matter formation (PM) human toxicity depletion - non-fossil photochem. oxidant form. eutrophication (marine) eutrophication (fresh water) acidification (land) ozone depletion CEN CEN+ climate change Figure interior wall..: Aggregated environmental profile (divided into CEN and CEN+) of variant Lblw_hollow brick per environmental indicator, expressed in monetary units..

13 LbIw_hollow brick CEN: 8, CEN+:, TOTAAL:,86 transport to EOL demolition replacement of elements replacement of sub-elements major maintenance climate change ozone depletion acidification (land) eutrophic-ation (fresh water) eutrophic-ation (marine) photochem. oxidant form. depletion - non-fossil human toxicity particulate matter formation (PM) ionising radiation (humans) ecotox. (terrestrial) ecotox. (fresh water) ecotox. (marine) land occupation (forest) land occupation (urban) land transf. (rainforest) small maintenance cleaning construction transport to site production Figure interior wall..: Aggregated environmental profile (divided into CEN and CEN+) of variant Lblw_hollow brick per life cycle stage and per individual environmental indicator, expressed in monetary units..

14 .. Lblw_concrete Table.: overview of the detailed composition of variant Lblw_concrete Description u MiM MaM Repl Repl Type Ratio t (m) λ (W/m.K) R (m².k/w) Lblw_concrete Internal wall - loadbearing - primary part - in situ/reinforced concrete m necessary,,7 Wall finishes, internal - plaster - gypsum on brickwork - with machine (for paint or wall paper) Wall finishes, internal - treatment of closing sub-element - painting on gypsum plaster - acrylic paint m aesthetic,,, m aesthetic na u: unit; MiM: minor maintenance frequency; MaM: major maintenance frequency; Repl: replacement frequency; type Repl: type of replacement (necessary or aesthetic); ratio: quantity per m²; t: layer thickness (in m); λ: heat conduction coefficient (in W/m.K); R: thermal resistance = t/λ (in m.k/w).

15 LbIw_concrete CEN:,79! CEN+: 9,7! TOTAAL:,6! heating (transmission) EOL transport to EOL 8 6 demolition replacement of elements replacement of sub-elements major maintenance small maintenance cleaning construction transport to site CEN CEN+ production Figure interior wall..: Aggregated environmental profile (divided into CEN and CEN+) of variant Lblw_concrete per life cycle stage, expressed in monetary units..

16 LbIw_concrete land transf. (rainforest) land occupation (urban) land occupation (forest) ecotox. (marine) ecotox. (fresh water) CEN:,79! CEN+: 9,7! TOTAAL:,6! 8 6 ecotox. (terrestrial) ionising radiation (humans) particulate matter formation (PM) human toxicity depletion - non-fossil photochem. oxidant form. eutrophication (marine) eutrophication (fresh water) acidification (land) ozone depletion CEN CEN+ climate change Figure interior wall..: Aggregated environmental profile (divided into CEN and CEN+) of variant Lblw_concrete per environmental indicator, expressed in monetary units..6

17 LbIw_concrete CEN:,79! CEN+: 9,7! TOTAAL:,6! transport to EOL demolition 6 replacement of elements replacement of sub-elements major maintenance small maintenance cleaning construction transport to site climate change ozone depletion acidification (land) eutrophic-ation (fresh water) eutrophic-ation (marine) photochem. oxidant form. depletion - non-fossil human toxicity particulate matter formation (PM) ionising radiation (humans) ecotox. (terrestrial) ecotox. (fresh water) ecotox. (marine) land occupation (forest) land occupation (urban) land transf. (rainforest) production Figure interior wall..: Aggregated environmental profile (divided into CEN and CEN+) of variant Lblw_concrete per life cycle stage and per individual environmental indicator, expressed in monetary units..7

18 .. Lblw_timber frame Table.: overview of the detailed composition of variant Lblw_timber frame Description u MiM MaM Repl Repl Type Ratio t (m) λ (W/m.K) R (m².k/w) Lblw_timber frame Internal wall - loadbearing - primary part - blocks/stones - building bricks (9xx), incl. mortar Internal wall - loadbearing - primary part - wood skeleton (on site) - cm - belgian mix Thermal insulation between wood skeleton - blanket, batt - anorganic fiber - glass wool - cm Wall finishes, internal - board - gypsum (,cm) - screwed (excl. supporting construction) - width 6 cm - inclusive joint filler m necessary,7,,, m necessary,97 na m necessary,,,9 m necessary, na, Wall finishes, internal - support structure for boards -profiles (,x,7)- Belgian mix m necessary, na,7 Wall finishes, internal - treatment of closing sub-element - painting on gypsum board - acrylic paint m aesthetic na u: unit; MiM: minor maintenance frequency; MaM: major maintenance frequency; Repl: replacement frequency; type Repl: type of replacement (necessary or aesthetic); ratio: quantity per m²; t: layer thickness (in m); λ: heat conduction coefficient (in W/m.K); R: thermal resistance = t/λ (in m.k/w).8

19 LbIw_timber frame CEN: 7,77! CEN+:,6! TOTAAL: 9,! heating (transmission) EOL transport to EOL 8 6 demolition replacement of elements replacement of sub-elements major maintenance small maintenance cleaning construction transport to site CEN CEN+ production Figure interior wall..: Aggregated environmental profile (divided into CEN and CEN+) of variant Lblw_timber frame per life cycle stage, expressed in monetary units..9

20 LbIw_timber frame land transf. (rainforest) land occupation (urban) land occupation (forest) ecotox. (marine) ecotox. (fresh water) CEN: 7,77! CEN+:,6! TOTAAL: 9,! 8 6 ecotox. (terrestrial) ionising radiation (humans) particulate matter formation (PM) human toxicity depletion - non-fossil photochem. oxidant form. eutrophication (marine) eutrophication (fresh water) acidification (land) ozone depletion CEN CEN+ climate change Figure interior wall..: Aggregated environmental profile (divided into CEN and CEN+) of variant Lblw_timber frame per environmental indicator, expressed in monetary units..

21 7 6 LbIw_timber frame CEN: 7,77! CEN+:,6! TOTAAL: 9,! transport to EOL demolition replacement of elements replacement of sub-elements major maintenance small maintenance cleaning construction transport to site climate change ozone depletion acidification (land) eutrophic-ation (fresh water) eutrophic-ation (marine) photochem. oxidant form. depletion - non-fossil human toxicity particulate matter formation (PM) ionising radiation (humans) ecotox. (terrestrial) ecotox. (fresh water) ecotox. (marine) land occupation (forest) land occupation (urban) land transf. (rainforest) production Figure interior wall..: Aggregated environmental profile (divided into CEN and CEN+) of variant Lblw_timber frame per life cycle stage and per individual environmental indicator, expressed in monetary units..

22 .. Lblw_calcarenite Table.: overview of the detailed composition of variant Lblw_calcarenite Description u MiM MaM Repl Repl Type Ratio t (m) λ (W/m.K) R (m².k/w) Lblw_calcarenite Internal wall - loadbearing - primary part - blocks/stones - sand-lime brick - hollow - (xx), glued Wall finishes, internal - plaster - gypsum on brickwork - with machine (for paint or wall paper) Wall finishes, internal - treatment of closing sub-element - painting on gypsum plaster - acrylic paint m necessary,,,9 m aesthetic,,, m aesthetic na u: unit; MiM: minor maintenance frequency; MaM: major maintenance frequency; Repl: replacement frequency; type Repl: type of replacement (necessary or aesthetic); ratio: quantity per m²; t: layer thickness (in m); λ: heat conduction coefficient (in W/m.K); R: thermal resistance = t/λ (in m.k/w).

23 9 8 7 LbIw_calcarinite CEN: 8,8! CEN+:,88! TOTAAL:,6! heating (transmission) EOL transport to EOL 6 demolition replacement of elements replacement of sub-elements major maintenance small maintenance cleaning construction transport to site CEN CEN+ production Figure interior wall..: Aggregated environmental profile (divided into CEN and CEN+) of variant Lblw_calcarenite per life cycle stage, expressed in monetary units..

24 LbIw_calcarinite 9 8 land transf. (rainforest) land occupation (urban) land occupation (forest) ecotox. (marine) CEN: 8,8! CEN+:,88! TOTAAL:,6! 7 6 ecotox. (fresh water) ecotox. (terrestrial) ionising radiation (humans) particulate matter formation (PM) human toxicity depletion - non-fossil photochem. oxidant form. eutrophication (marine) eutrophication (fresh water) acidification (land) ozone depletion CEN CEN+ climate change Figure interior wall..: Aggregated environmental profile (divided into CEN and CEN+) of variant Lblw_calcarenite per environmental indicator, expressed in monetary units..

25 6 LbIw_calcarinite CEN: 8,8! CEN+:,88! TOTAAL:,6! transport to EOL demolition replacement of elements replacement of sub-elements major maintenance small maintenance cleaning construction transport to site climate change ozone depletion acidification (land) eutrophic-ation (fresh water) eutrophic-ation (marine) photochem. oxidant form. depletion - non-fossil human toxicity particulate matter formation (PM) ionising radiation (humans) ecotox. (terrestrial) ecotox. (fresh water) ecotox. (marine) land occupation (forest) land occupation (urban) land transf. (rainforest) production Figure interior wall..: Aggregated environmental profile (divided into CEN and CEN+) of variant Lblw_calcarenite per life cycle stage and per individual environmental indicator, expressed in monetary units..

26 .. Lblw_aircrete Table.: overview of the detailed composition of variant Lblw_aircrete Description u MiM MaM Repl Repl Type Ratio t (m) λ (W/m.K) R (m².k/w) Lblw_aircrete Internal wall - loadbearing - primary part - blocks/stones - cellular concrete (6xx) Wall finishes, internal - plaster - gypsum on brickwork - with machine (for paint or wall paper) Wall finishes, internal - treatment of closing sub-element - painting on gypsum plaster - acrylic paint m necessary,,, m aesthetic,,, m aesthetic na u: unit; MiM: minor maintenance frequency; MaM: major maintenance frequency; Repl: replacement frequency; type Repl: type of replacement (necessary or aesthetic); ratio: quantity per m²; t: layer thickness (in m); λ: heat conduction coefficient (in W/m.K); R: thermal resistance = t/λ (in m.k/w).6

27 9 8 7 LbIw_aircrete CEN: 8,6! CEN+:,! TOTAAL:,89! heating (transmission) EOL transport to EOL 6 demolition replacement of elements replacement of sub-elements major maintenance small maintenance cleaning construction transport to site CEN CEN+ production Figure interior wall..: Aggregated environmental profile (divided into CEN and CEN+) of variant Lblw_aircrete per life cycle stage, expressed in monetary units..7

28 LbIw_aircrete 9 8 land transf. (rainforest) land occupation (urban) land occupation (forest) ecotox. (marine) CEN: 8,6! CEN+:,! TOTAAL:,89! 7 6 ecotox. (fresh water) ecotox. (terrestrial) ionising radiation (humans) particulate matter formation (PM) human toxicity depletion - non-fossil photochem. oxidant form. eutrophication (marine) eutrophication (fresh water) acidification (land) ozone depletion CEN CEN+ climate change Figure interior wall..: Aggregated environmental profile (divided into CEN and CEN+) of variant Lblw_aircrete per environmental indicator, expressed in monetary units..8

29 LbIw_aircrete CEN: 8,6! CEN+:,! TOTAAL:,89! transport to EOL demolition replacement of elements replacement of sub-elements major maintenance climate change ozone depletion acidification (land) eutrophic-ation (fresh water) eutrophic-ation (marine) photochem. oxidant form. depletion - non-fossil human toxicity particulate matter formation (PM) ionising radiation (humans) ecotox. (terrestrial) ecotox. (fresh water) ecotox. (marine) land occupation (forest) land occupation (urban) land transf. (rainforest) small maintenance cleaning construction transport to site production Figure interior wall..: Aggregated environmental profile (divided into CEN and CEN+) of variant Lblw_aircrete per life cycle stage and per individual environmental indicator, expressed in monetary units..9

30 .6. Lblw6_hollow concrete Table.6: overview of the detailed composition of variant Lblw6_hollow concrete Description u MiM MaM Repl Repl Type Ratio t (m) λ (W/m.K) R (m².k/w) Lblw6_hollow concrete Internal wall - loadbearing - primary part - blocks/stones - concrete - hollow (9xx9) Wall finishes, internal - plaster - gypsum on brickwork - with machine (for paint or wall paper) Wall finishes, internal - treatment of closing sub-element - painting on gypsum plaster - acrylic paint m necessary,9 na, m aesthetic,,,9 m aesthetic na, u: unit; MiM: minor maintenance frequency; MaM: major maintenance frequency; Repl: replacement frequency; type Repl: type of replacement (necessary or aesthetic); ratio: quantity per m²; t: layer thickness (in m); λ: heat conduction coefficient (in W/m.K); R: thermal resistance = t/λ (in m.k/w).

31 9 8 LbIw6_hollow concrete CEN: 9,! CEN+: 6,! TOTAAL:,68! heating (transmission) EOL 7 6 transport to EOL demolition replacement of elements replacement of sub-elements major maintenance small maintenance cleaning construction CEN CEN+ transport to site production Figure interior wall.6.: Aggregated environmental profile (divided into CEN and CEN+) of variant Lblw6_hollow concrete per life cycle stage, expressed in monetary units..

32 LbIw6_hollow concrete 9 8 land transf. (rainforest) land occupation (urban) land occupation (forest) ecotox. (marine) ecotox. (fresh water) CEN: 9,! CEN+: 6,! TOTAAL:,68! 7 6 ecotox. (terrestrial) ionising radiation (humans) particulate matter formation (PM) human toxicity depletion - non-fossil photochem. oxidant form. eutrophication (marine) eutrophication (fresh water) acidification (land) ozone depletion CEN CEN+ climate change Figure interior wall.6.: Aggregated environmental profile (divided into CEN and CEN+) of variant Lblw6_hollow concrete per environmental indicator, expressed in monetary units..

33 6 LbIw6_hollow concrete CEN: 9,! CEN+: 6,! TOTAAL:,68! transport to EOL demolition replacement of elements replacement of sub-elements major maintenance small maintenance cleaning construction transport to site climate change ozone depletion acidification (land) eutrophic-ation (fresh water) eutrophic-ation (marine) photochem. oxidant form. depletion - non-fossil human toxicity particulate matter formation (PM) ionising radiation (humans) ecotox. (terrestrial) ecotox. (fresh water) ecotox. (marine) land occupation (forest) land occupation (urban) land transf. (rainforest) production Figure interior wall.6.: Aggregated environmental profile (divided into CEN and CEN+) of variant Lblw6_hollow concrete per life cycle stage and per individual environmental indicator, expressed in monetary units..

34 .7. Lblw7_fair-faced concrete block Table.7: overview of the detailed composition of variant Lblw7_fair-faced concrete block Description u MiM MaM Repl Repl Type Ratio t (m) λ (W/m.K) R (m².k/w) Lblw7_fair-faced concrete block Internal wall - loadbearing - primary part - blocks/stones - concrete - hollow (9xx9) m necessary,9 na, u: unit; MiM: minor maintenance frequency; MaM: major maintenance frequency; Repl: replacement frequency; type Repl: type of replacement (necessary or aesthetic); ratio: quantity per m²; t: layer thickness (in m); λ: heat conduction coefficient (in W/m.K); R: thermal resistance = t/λ (in m.k/w).

35 7 6 LbIw7_fair-faced concrete block CEN:,78! CEN+:,! TOTAAL: 9,8! heating (transmission) EOL transport to EOL demolition replacement of elements replacement of sub-elements major maintenance small maintenance cleaning construction transport to site CEN CEN+ production Figure interior wall.7.: Aggregated environmental profile (divided into CEN and CEN+) of variant Lblw7_fair-faced concrete block per life cycle stage, expressed in monetary units..

36 LbIw7_fair-faced concrete block 7 6 land transf. (rainforest) land occupation (urban) land occupation (forest) ecotox. (marine) ecotox. (fresh water) CEN:,78! CEN+:,! TOTAAL: 9,8! ecotox. (terrestrial) ionising radiation (humans) particulate matter formation (PM) human toxicity depletion - non-fossil photochem. oxidant form. eutrophication (marine) eutrophication (fresh water) acidification (land) ozone depletion CEN CEN+ climate change Figure interior wall.7.: Aggregated environmental profile (divided into CEN and CEN+) of variant Lblw7_fair-faced concrete block per environmental indicator, expressed in monetary units..6

37 LbIw7_fair-faced concrete block CEN:,78! CEN+:,! TOTAAL: 9,8! transport to EOL demolition replacement of elements replacement of sub-elements major maintenance small maintenance cleaning construction transport to site climate change ozone depletion acidification (land) eutrophic-ation (fresh water) eutrophic-ation (marine) photochem. oxidant form. depletion - non-fossil human toxicity particulate matter formation (PM) ionising radiation (humans) ecotox. (terrestrial) ecotox. (fresh water) ecotox. (marine) land occupation (forest) land occupation (urban) land transf. (rainforest) production Figure interior wall.7.: Aggregated environmental profile (divided into CEN and CEN+) of variant Lblw7_fair-faced concrete block per life cycle stage and per individual environmental indicator, expressed in monetary units..7

38 V.U. Danny Wille, Openbare Vlaamse Afvalstoffenmaatschappij, Stationsstraat, 8 Mechelen / D/// For more information: info@ovam.be T: 8 8 F: 7 Openbare Vlaamse Afvalstoffenmaatschappij Stationsstraat B-8 Mechelen