France. (Source: Germany Trade & Invest Gesellschaft für Aussenwirtschaft und Aussenmarketing)

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1 France 1) Economic data Area: 543,965 sq km Population: 64.7 m (January 2010) Gross Domestic Product (billion ): 2007: 1, : 1, : 1,919 GDP per capita ( ): 2007: 29, : 30, : 30,648 Rate of inflation: 2007: +1.6 % 2008: +3.3 % 2009: +0.1 %* 2010: +1.1 %* Unemployment: 2007: 7.6 % 2008: 8 % 2009: 9.5 % 2010: 10.2 %* (*forecast) (Source: Germany Trade & Invest Gesellschaft für Aussenwirtschaft und Aussenmarketing) 2) Book production data Sales It should be noted that there are no statistics covering all French publishing companies, but only the results of a survey carried out by the Syndicat National de l Edition (SNE) in 2008 in which 267 representatives of 333 publishing companies took part. The results were made public in April 2010 by the Centre National du Livre, together with the "Chiffres-clés ". These publishing companies reported: 2,700 m sales turnover from book sales (-2.2 %) 130 m from rights and licence sales (-4.4 %) 2,830 m in total (-2.2 %) (all figures excl. VAT.) GESCHÄFTSFÜHRER: Juergen Boos REGISTER: AG Ffm HRB 6882 Ust-Id-Nr. DE /14

2 The publishing companies taking part in the survey sold a total of m copies (-3.7 %) in % of book sales were for books in the category fiction, 17 % were children s and teen books and 11 % how-to manuals. Reading habits 70 % of the French over the age of 15 read at least one book in % read 1 to 9 books. 14 % read 10 to 19 books. 17 % read more than 20 books. (Source: MCC/DEPS: Enquête sur les pratiques culturelles des Français 2008) Reading habits of young adults in France 79 % of 18 to 30-year-olds have read at least one book in the last 12 months. 33 % of them read every day. 52 % could easily imagine living without books. 48 % have heard of e-books, but only 20 % have already read one. The most popular product segments among young adults: Non-fiction (43 %) Comics (38 %) Crime fiction (35 %) Science fiction and fantasy (34 %) (Source : Ipsos Media for Livres Hebdo No. 796 of 6 November 2009) Title production/new Publications Title production: New publications in 2009: a stable year In total: 63,690 new publications in 2009, +0,1 % compared to 2008 (63,601 new publications) Title production rose in the following product segments: School textbooks (+22 %) Games and activities for children and teenagers (+21 %) Fantasy and science fiction (+20 %) Philosophy (+14 %) Cookery (+13 %) Health (+11 %) Tourism (+10 %) Title production declined in the following product segments: Leisure (-23 %) GESCHÄFTSFÜHRER: Juergen Boos REGISTER: AG Ffm HRB 6882 Ust-Id-Nr. DE /14

3 Business management (-13 %) Sport (-11 %) Mind, body, spirit (-11 %) Theatre (-10 %) Politics (-9 %) Music (-9 %) As far as fiction is concerned, at 25,670 titles in 2009, the number of new publications remained very stable (2008: 25,634 new publications). Foreign-language novels and short stories experienced a slight decline: 2,399 new publications in 2009 (-3 % compared to 2008 with 2,477 new publications). Title production by publishing groups in 2009: 1. Hachette Livre (6,294 new publications and new editions) 2. Editis (4,961) 3. L Harmattan (2,273) 4. Flammarion (1,958) 5. Gallimard (1,750) 6. La Martinière (1,254) 7. Média-Participations (1,043) 8. Albin Michel (1,040) 9. Actes Sud (757) 10. Bayard (754) Almost all big French publishing groups reduced their title production in This phenomenon is most apparent for the following publishing companies: 1. Fayard: % 2. Milan: % 3. Le Seuil: % 4. Nathan: % The number of novels published in January and February has declined noticeably this year (-12 %). This has primarily affected foreign-language novels. For the so-called "Rentrée d hiver" 2010, 20 % fewer translations will be published than in the same period last year! Year (January and February only) French-language novels Of which debut novels Translated novels (Source: Livres Hebdo 2010/Electre) Total number of novels in the "Rentrée d hiver" GESCHÄFTSFÜHRER: Juergen Boos REGISTER: AG Ffm HRB 6882 Ust-Id-Nr. DE /14

4 Translations from German: Out of the 167 translated novels published in the "Rentrée d hiver" (January and February) 2010, seven were translations from German: Author German publisher French publisher Title Translator Jean Amery Klett-Cotta Actes Sud Les naufragés Sacha Zilberfarb Peter Stamm S. Fischer Bourgois Sept années Nicole Roethel Katharina Hagena Kiepenheuer & Anne Carrière Le goût des pépins Bernard Kreiss Witsch Verlag de pomme Christian Kracht Kiepenheuer & Jacqueline Là, je serai au Gisèle Desoteux Witsch Verlag Chambon soleil et à l ombre Rahel Luchterhand Corti Fille Fernand Cambon Hutmacher Neuwied Verlag Karl-Heinz Ott Hoffmann und Phébus Que s ouvre Francoise Kenk Campe l horizon Ruth Klüger Zsolnay-Verlag Viviane Hamy Perdu en chemin: C. Philippe Autobiograpie Ingo Schulze Berlin Verlag Fayard Portable: treize Histories à la manière ancienne (Source : Electre & Livres Hebdo No. 801 of 11 December 2009) Alain Lance Renate Lance- Otterbein In 2008, there had been 63,601 new publications (first and new editions) in France. Title production rose by 5.3 % and has more than doubled within the last ten years. It is growing in almost all areas. The largest number of titles (7,748) is published in October, as part of the "Rentrée littéraire". (Source: Livres Hebdo/Electre) In 2008, 594,600 titles were in print in France (+5 %). (Source: OEL/Electre) January 2010: a difficult start for book sales : -7 % Mail order sales and book clubs: -2 % Entertainment media stores (FNAC, Virgin): -6 % Supermarkets: -7 % Larger retail bookstores: -8 % Smaller retail bookshops: -12 % (Source: Livres Hebdo 2009/I+C) GESCHÄFTSFÜHRER: Juergen Boos REGISTER: AG Ffm HRB 6882 Ust-Id-Nr. DE /14

5 Bestsellers 2009 Top 12 of French publishing companies with the most titles on the bestseller lists* Publishing company No. of copies No. of titles Remarks Albin Michel 1,138, Actes Sud 1,084,000 8 Gallimard 1,037, R.Laffont 895, Lattès 713,000 5 Grasset 532, NIL 479,000 3 Mainly thanks to the success of Mary Ann Shaffer s Le cercle littéraire des amateurs d épluchures de patates (translation from English) and the memoirs of Jacques Chirac XO 449,000 4 Predominantly thanks to Guillaume Musso s bestsellers M.Lafon 400,000 6 Fayard 384, Stock 360,000 8 Dilettante Le Dilettante achieves this position thanks to Anna Gavalda s L échappée belle alone. (*The Twilight novels are not included in these totals because they are on the teen book bestseller list.) Top 10 of best book sales in 2009 in France (all categories included) Twilight 2: Tentation by Stephenie Meyer, Hachette Jeunesse (646,000 copies sold) Twilight 1: Fascination by Stephenie Meyer, Hachette Jeunesse (639,000 copies sold) Twilight 3: Hésitation by Stephenie Meyer, Hachette Jeunesse (601,000 copies sold) Le livre d or d Astérix by Albert Uderzo, Albert René (599,000 copies sold) Twilight 4: Révélation by Stephenie Meyer, Hachette Jeunesse (569,000 copies sold) Le symbole perdu by Dan Brown, Editions Lattès (522,000 copies sold) L élegance du hérisson, Muriel Barbery, Folio (488,000 copies sold) Toutes ces choses qu on ne s est pas dites, Marc Levy, Pocket (454,000 copies sold) Je reviens te chercher, Guillaume Musso, Pocket (375,000 copies sold) Dans les bois, Harlan Coben, Pocket (372,000 copies sold) Bestseller novels in France in 2009 (excl. exports and online sales) It should be noted here that apart from Dan Brown, 4 out of 5 bestselling authors are French. Le symbole perdu by Dan Brown, Editions Lattès (522,000 copies sold) Trois femmes puissantes by Marie NDiaye (Prix Goncourt 2009), Gallimard (346,000 copies sold) Le premier jour by Marc Levy, R.Laffont (313,000 copies sold) L échappée belle by Anna Gavalda, Le Dilettante (305,000 copies sold) Que serais-je sans toi? by Guillaume Musso, XO (261,000 copies sold) GESCHÄFTSFÜHRER: Juergen Boos REGISTER: AG Ffm HRB 6882 Ust-Id-Nr. DE /14

6 Non-fiction bestsellers in France in 2009 The autobiography of France s former president was the top selling title in 2009, followed by the history of France told in the rhythm and tempo of the Paris metro, as well as the memoirs of Claude Lanzmann, the maker of the film documentary Shoah. Mémoire 1: Chaque pas doit être un but by Jacques Chirac, NIL (229,000 copies sold) Métronome by Lorànt Deutsch, M.Lafon (157,000 copies sold) Le lièvre de Patagonie by Claude Lanzmann, Gallimard (91,000 copies sold) Moi Nojoud, 10 ans, divorcée by Nojoud Ali, M.Lafon (85,000 copies sold) Révolution française 1 by Max Gallo, X0 (80,000 copies sold) Teen book bestsellers in France in 2009 France has not been immune to the Twilight success. Here too, Stephenie Meyer s quadrilogy is the clear bestseller occupying the top slots. The third instalment in the fantasy saga by the young Californian writer Christopher Paolini ranks fifth. Twilight 2: Tentation by Stephenie Meyer, Hachette Jeunesse (646,000 copies sold) Twilight 1: Fascination by Stephenie Meyer, Hachette Jeunesse (639,000 copies sold) Twilight 3: Hésitation by Stephenie Meyer, Hachette Jeunesse (601,000 copies sold) Twilight 4: Révélation by Stephenie Meyer, Hachette Jeunesse (569,000 copies sold) L héritage 3: Brisingr by Christopher Paolini, Bayard Jeunesse (271,000 copies sold) Paperback bestsellers in France in 2009 Here, it should be noted that the list is led by Francophone authors. L élegance du hérisson, Muriel Barbery, Folio Toutes ces choses qu on ne s est pas dites, Marc Levy, Pocket Je reviens te chercher, Guillaume Musso, Pocket Dans les bois, Harlan Coben, Pocket La valse lente des tortues by Katherine Pancol, Le Livre de Poche (365,000 copies sold) (Source: Ipsos/Livres Hebdo 2009) The five most sold titles account for 1.6 % of total sales. (Source: panel GfK) Average print-run 2008: 9,340 copies (8.691 in 2007) Average print-run for fiction: 14,345 copies For children s & teen books: 9,621 copies (Source: SNE, Enquête de branche) Share of paperbacks: - in title production: 19.9% - in book sales: 27.4% GESCHÄFTSFÜHRER: Juergen Boos REGISTER: AG Ffm HRB 6882 Ust-Id-Nr. DE /14

7 - in publishing company sales turnover (from book sales): 14.2% (Source: SNE, Syndicat National de l Edition, survey of 294 publishing companies) Average book price Hardback: (2007) Paperback: 5.10(2007) In 2009, the average book price rose by 0.8 per cent (compared to +0.1 % for prices on the retail trade sector). (Source: Insee + SNE) Digitisation E-books France s biggest publishing groups have set up three different digital platforms: - Hachette Livre: Numilog ( - Gallimard, La Martinière and Flammarion: Eden-Livres ( Entreprise de distribution de l'édition numérique ) - Editis and Média-Participations: e-plateforme The books published by these publishing companies and their partners can be downloaded from these platforms. Survey on the subject of e-books 47% of French people surveyed have heard of digital books 38% are of the opinion that digital books are fundamentally different from print books 14% are interested in e-books 5% have already read an e-book The main device used for reading digital books is still the computer, with e-readers ranking 7th and being used by only 0.25% of the French. The categories which the French can best imagine reading in a digital format are: - Science-fiction and fantasy - How-to manuals - Crime fiction - Dictionaries (Source : CNL Etude sur les publics du livre numérique / Ipsos) Fixed book prices Fixed prices for books are laid down in the Loi Lang ( Loi relative au prix du livre ) of 10 August The publishing company or wholesaler fixes the shop price for every title. 5 % is the maximum discount that the retail bookseller is permitted to give to bookshop customers. GESCHÄFTSFÜHRER: Juergen Boos REGISTER: AG Ffm HRB 6882 Ust-Id-Nr. DE /14

8 Reduced rate of VAT on books: 5.5 % (instead of 19.6 %) Copyright laws French copyright is laid down in law by the Code de la Propriété Intellectuelle (CPI) of : Moral right can only be transferred after death. Performance and marketing rights can be ceded contractually by publishing companies with or without charge. This is the most significant difference compared to German copyright law. Copyright always continues for 70 years after the death of the author. The revised Bern Convention is a multilateral agreement under international law. In 1994, there were 105 member state signatories, including France and Germany. By 1995 this total had already increased to 114. This agreement laid down the principle that protection in the country of origin is governed by domestic law. In 2008, French publishing companies paid 466 m to authors for copyrights (+ 4% in comparison to 2007). (Source: SNE, Syndicat National de l Edition, survey of 267 representatives from 333 publishing companies: Le secteur du livre: chiffres-clés , March 2010) Sales figures After two years of decline, sales figures rose again in 2008 by 1 %. The most dynamic product segments in France: Comics (+3.5 %) Teen books (+3 %) Novels (+2.5 %) A drop in sales was noted, however, for the product segments business/economy (- 0.5 %), the humanities (- 1 %) and law (- 1 %). (Source: Livres Hebdo/I+C in Livres Hebdo No. 762 of 30 January 2009) Books are bought in bookshops (24.4 %), hyper and supermarkets (21.4 %), entertainment media stores (21.2 %), through book clubs/mail order booksellers (16.3 %) and finally, on the internet (7.9 %). (Source: TNS-Sofres for OEL/CNL, survey of 10,000 people over the age of 15, excl. school textbooks and loose leaf editions.) Focus on French comics and graphic novels 4,409 new comics were published in 2009, representing an increase of 1.1 % (2008: 4,361). In France, comics have been selling better than other books for a long time now, but this trend did change in the first three months of Nevertheless, this remains a very dynamic product segment. For the first three months of 2010, the following growth rates are expected in title production: % for comics and % for manga. For this reason, F. Pernot, CEO at Média-Participations, warns against overloading the comic market. GESCHÄFTSFÜHRER: Juergen Boos REGISTER: AG Ffm HRB 6882 Ust-Id-Nr. DE /14

9 Share of comic sales for French publishing groups in 2009: Média-Participations (Kana, Dargaud, Dupuis, Le Lombard and others) : 30.5 % Glénat: 14.6 % Delcourt: 9.9 % Hachette (publishers of Astérix ): 8.2 % as well as FlammarionSoleil: 6.8 % 2009 was a better year for the big publishing groups than for the smaller and specialised publishing houses. Manga publishers in France (listed according to sales turnover) Kana Glénat Pika Delcourt Kurokawa In 2009, 24.6 % of comics sold in France were manga (previous year: 26 %). The new publications in 2009 included 657 Japanese manga ( % compared to 2008). This success is reflected in the translation statistics, with Japanese as the second language of origin for translations into French at 8.3 %. Rights & licences Translations in French book production in 2008 In 2008, 8,920 translations were published in France, 4 % more than in This corresponds to 14 % of total title production (new publications and new editions). 3,441 novels were translations, accounting for 40.3 % of all novels published. Share of translations per product segment: 1. Novels: 40 % 2. Social sciences, philosophy, religion, history, biographies: 15 % 3. Children s & teen books: 15 % 4. Comics: 9 % Languages of origin for translations into French in 2008 (total production): 1. English (5,411 titles, +5 %) 2. Japanese (684 titles, +7 %) 3. German (589 titles, -3 %) Languages of origin for translations into French in 2008 (novels only): 1. English (2,721 titles, +6 %) 2. Spanish (138 titles, -5 %) 3. German (130 titles, +12 %) (Source: Livres Hebdo/Electre, Livres Hebdo No. 771 of 3 April 2009) GESCHÄFTSFÜHRER: Juergen Boos REGISTER: AG Ffm HRB 6882 Ust-Id-Nr. DE /14

10 Translations from French into German in 2009 At 1,078 titles (2008: 847), the number of translations from French into German increased substantially in 2009 (plus 27 %). This accounts for 10.2 of all translations into German (2008: 11.5 %). In fiction, 342 titles were translated from French, accounting for a share of 8.2 % of all fiction titles. 32 % of all translations from French are accounted for by literature. French ranks second after English as the language of origin for translations into German. At the same time, 6,874 titles were translated from English (2008: 4,908), accounting for 64.9 % of all translations. Rights and licences for German titles sold to France in 2009: In 2009, 253 licences were sold to France for German titles (2008: 309). German publishing companies sold 4.7 % of their rights and licences to Francophone countries. The French language is the tenth most important language for rights and licences granted abroad, after Polish, Chinese, Czech, Korean, Spanish, English, Italian, Dutch and Hungarian. Rights/licence sales to Francophone countries in 2009: 1. How-to manuals, self-help books: Children s & teen books: 67 (2008: 67) 3. Fiction: 43 (2008: 51) 4. Academic & STM: 32 (2008: 49) (Source: Rights/licence survey carried out by the Börsenverein des Deutschen Buchhandels 2009, in: Buch und Buchhandel in Zahlen 2009, published by the Börsenverein des Deutschen Buchhandels e. V., Frankfurt am Main) Exports/Imports Book export sales 2008: m (-8.7%) excl. D.O.M.-T.O.M (overseas departements and territories) (MCC/DGMIC/SLL) Le secteur du livre : Chiffres-clés , April 2010 As feared, the economic crisis severely reduced exports in The closing of the CELF (Centre d exportation du livre francais) has contributed to a sharp reduction in the presence of French books in non-francophone countries. Exports to smaller markets have drastically reduced: % to Eastern Europe, -15% to Latin America, % in the case of Asia and Oceania. But there has also been a clear decline in the export of French books to the larger European countries, whilst there has been a slight rise to smaller countries (Denmark, Slovenia, Bulgaria, Latvia, and others. Imports have remained stable to French-speaking Canada and Belgium, as they have to the Maghreb, Lebanon and sub-saharan Africa. Main countries for imports: 1. Belgium 2. Switzerland GESCHÄFTSFÜHRER: Juergen Boos REGISTER: AG Ffm HRB 6882 Ust-Id-Nr. DE /14

11 3. Canada 4. Germany 5. Spain (Source: Livres Hebdo / Electre in L export ne va pas bien fort, 9 April 2010) Book imports (excl. picture books) into Germany from France: In 2007, France ranked 9th among the most important countries of origin for the import of books into Germany at 24 m euros (after the UK, USA, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, the Czech Republic, Switzerland and China). Book exports (excl. picture books) from Germany to France: Receiving exports to the value of 108 m euros, France ranked 6th in 2007 (after Austria, Switzerland, the UK, the Netherlands and Italy) in the ranking of most important countries for the export of books from Germany. (Source: Statistisches Bundesamt, Aussenhandelstatistik. Calculations by: Börsenverein des Deutschen Buchhandels. In: Buch und Buchhandel in Zahlen 2009, published by the Börsenverein des Deutschen Buchhandels e. V., Frankfurt am Main) The National Book Centre CNL (Centre National du Livre) offers funding opportunities for publishing companies in connection with exports, sales, translation, etc. Website: Number of publishing companies There are approx. 10,000 publishing companies in France, including 20 large publishing houses with 5,000 titles each in their catalogue, and approx. 5,000 publishing companies with fewer than 10 titles each in their programme. (Source: SNE, Syndicat National de l Edition, Total sales turnover of French publishing companies in 2008: Book sales: 2700 m (-2.2%) Foreign rights: 130 m (-4.4%) (Source: SNE) Sales for the three leading publishing groups in 2008: 1. Hachette Livre: 2,500 m. Hachette is also the sixth largest publishing group in the world. In 2009, Hachette acquired new business partners, joining forces with the Chinese business group Phoenix Publishing & Media Group and the Lebanese group Antoine. 2. Editis: 880 m. GESCHÄFTSFÜHRER: Juergen Boos REGISTER: AG Ffm HRB 6882 Ust-Id-Nr. DE /14

12 3. France Loisirs: 430 m. In 2008, the 231 biggest French publishing companies (with more than one million euros annual sales) made more than 8.6 billion euros, or 5 % more than in 2007 (7.15 billion euros). (Source: Livres Hebdo No. 794 of 23 October 2009) Eight of the twelve biggest publishing groups belong to foreign companies: Editis has belonged to the Spanish group Planeta since spring France Loisirs (majority shareholder: Bertelsmann/D) Média-Participations (majority shareholder: Média-Participations/B) Editions Atlas (majority shareholder: De Agostini/I) Flammarion (majority shareholder: RCS/I) Lamy (majority shareholder: Wolters Kluwer/NL) Panini (majority shareholder: Panini/I) Lexis Nexis (majority shareholder: Reed Elsevier/NL) (Source: Livres Hebdo No. 794 of 23 October 2009) The publishing companies with the strongest sales growth from 2007 to 2008 were the following: Le Dilettante thanks to the success of Anna Gavalda s "La Consolante" Viviane Hamy thanks to Fred Vargas book "Un lieu incertain" Zulma thanks to the award-winning "Là où les tigres sont chez eux" by Jean-Marie Blas de Roblès (Prix Médicis 2008) Number of bookshops The top 5 biggest bookshops in France in 2009 (ranked by sales turnover for books: 1. Gibert Joseph, Paris ( 37.8 m) 2. Gibert Jeune Rive Gauche, Paris ( 31 m) 3.Le Furet du Nord, Lille (( 23.8 m) 4. Mollat, Bordeaux ( 23 m) 5. Sauramps, Montpellier ( 20 m) The top 5 biggest chain bookstores in France in 2009: 1. FNAC including Fnac.com: 565 m sales with books (with 81 bookselling outlets) 2. Direct Group France/Bertelsmann: 418 m (with 288 bookselling outlets) 3. Leclerc ( 325 m) 4. Virgin Group: 105* Mio. 105* m (with 37 bookselling outlets) 5. Gilbert Joseph: 81.5 m (with 30 bookselling outlets) Label LiR Since 31 August 2009, 406 French bookshops have been given the designation Label LiR (Librairies GESCHÄFTSFÜHRER: Juergen Boos REGISTER: AG Ffm HRB 6882 Ust-Id-Nr. DE /14

13 indépendantes de référence). With this, the Ministry of Culture and Communication sets out to support independent bookshops, including with tax exemptions. (Source: Centre National du Livre) Book fair As well as numerous regional and local book fairs and literary festivals all over France, the Salon du Livre has been held in Paris annually since With more than 198,000 visitors, 1,000 exhibiting publishers, 3,000 authors and 500 events, it is the biggest book fair in the Francophone world. The Salon du Livre celebrated its 30 anniversary from 26 to 31 March Next year, the Salon is scheduled for 18 to 23 March The guest nations will be Iceland, Denmark, Norway, Sweden and Finland. LINK: Organisers of the Salon du Livre: S.N.E. (Syndicat National de l Edition) 115, bd Saint Germain Paris France Phone: +33 (0) Fax: +33 (0) REED EXPOSITIONS FRANCE 52-54, Quai de Dion-Bouton, CS Puteaux Cedex France Phone: +33 (0) Fax: +33 (0) [email protected] Website: Sources Direction du Livre et de la Lecture/DLL (Ministère de la culture et de la communication, Electre ( Germany Trade & Invest, Gesellschaft für Aussenwirtschaft und Aussenmarketing ( GfK ( Insee, Institut National de statistique et des études économiques ( Ipsos ( "Le secteur du livre Chiffres-clés ". Published by: Direction du Livre et de la Lecture, March 2009 Livres Hebdo ( Statistiques extérieures 2007, données 2006, SNE/La Centrale de l édition, Paris, 2006 Rights/licences survey carried out by the Börsenverein des Deutschen Buchhandels 2008, in: Buch und GESCHÄFTSFÜHRER: Juergen Boos REGISTER: AG Ffm HRB 6882 Ust-Id-Nr. DE /14

14 Buchhandel in Zahlen 2009, published by the Börsenverein des Deutschen Buchhandels e. V., Frankfurt am Main Observatoire de l économie du livre/oel Statistisches Bundesamt, Aussenhandelstatistik. Calculations: Börsenverein des Deutschen Buchhandels. In: Buch und Buchhandel in Zahlen 2008, published by the Börsenverein des Deutschen Buchhandels e. V., Frankfurt am Main Syndicat National de l Edition/SNE ( Buch und Buchhandel in Zahlen 2009, published by the Börsenverein des Deutschen Buchhandels e. V., Frankfurt am Main, July 2009 TNS-Sofres ( Observatoire de l économie du Livre (MCC/DGMIC/SLL) April 2010 CNL (Centre National du Livre) Etude sur les publics du livre numérique August 2010 GESCHÄFTSFÜHRER: Juergen Boos REGISTER: AG Ffm HRB 6882 Ust-Id-Nr. DE /14