Solar Thermal Power System for ISRU Applications Field Deployment and Operation at Mauna Kea, HI
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1 Physical Sciences Inc. VG Solar Thermal Power System for ISRU Applications Field Deployment and Operation at Mauna Kea, HI Prepared by: T. Nakamura and B.K. Smith 6652 Owens Drive Pleasanton, CA Presented at: The Space Resources Roundtable (SRR) and The Planetary and Terrestrial Mining Sciences Symposium (PTMSS) June 8-10, 2010 SBIR Rights Notice (MAR 94) These SBIR data are furnished with SBIR Rights under Contract No For a period of 4 years after acceptance of all items to be delivered under this contract, the Government agrees to use these data for Government purposes only, and they shall not be disclosed outside the Government (including disclosure for procurement purposes) during such period without permission of the Contractor, except that, subject to the foregoing use and disclosure prohibitions, such data may be disclosed for use by support Contractors. After the aforesaid 4-year period, the Government has a royalty-free license to use, and to authorize others to use on its behalf, these data for Government purposes, but is relieved of all disclosure prohibitions and assumes no liability for unauthorized use of these data by third parties. This Notice shall be affixed to any reproductions of these data, in whole or in part. This material is based upon work supported by the Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service, US Department of Agriculture under Agreement Number of the Small Business Research Grants Program. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the US Department of Agriculture. 20 New England Business Center Andover, MA 01810
2 Background VG Solar power is a readily available heat source for in-situ resource utilization (ISRU) During (PSI) developed a laboratory prototype of the optical waveguide (OW) solar power system for lunar material processing (SBIR Phases I & II by NASA/JSC) During , PSI developed the ground-based demonstration system (SBIR Phase III by NASA/GRC) The Phase III system was completed in March 2009 and has been tested at ORBITEC for the carbothermal oxygen production program
3 Solar Concentrator Array with Seven Reflectors VG
4 Solar Concentrator Tested at PSI: March 2009 VG Seven concentrators mounted on the tracking array Back of the array with reactor interface
5 Solar Concentrator: Reactor Interface VG The reactor interface with quartz rod The quartz rod emitting solar radiation
6 Solar Concentrator Power Output Fiber Cable vs. Reactor Input Optics 900 VG Cable Output (3/20/09) Quartz Rod Output (3/23/09) Solar Flux: ~880 W/m # of Mirror/Cable Concentrator/Cable (3/20/09) K-3997 Quartz Rod (3/23/09) Ambient Solar Flux (W/m 2 ) Power (W) System Efficiency (%)
7 Solar Concentrator System Integrated with the ORBITEC Carbothermal Reactor VG
8 Assembling the Solar Concentrator Array at Mauna Kea Test Site VG
9 Solar Concentrator Array Preparing for Solar Sintering of Tephra VG
10 PSI Solar Concentrator Integrated with NORCAT Rastering System VG
11 PSI Solar Concentrator Integrated with ORBITEC Carbothermal Reactor VG
12 Carbothermal (CT) Reactor Operation VG CT reactor displaying the Tephra melt on screen Tephra melt temperature ( C)
13 Afternoon Cloud Diminishing the Solar Power VG
14 Measurement of Ambient Direct Solar Flux VG Date Ambient Solar Flux (W/m 2 ) Comment 1/28/ Clear but overcast 1/29/ ~ 992 Thin high cloud 1/30/ ~ 889 Partially cloudy 1/31/ ~ 1006 Overcast with high cloud 2/1/ ~ 650 Cloudy 2/2/ ~ 1078 Clear at noon, high cloud towards the end of the day 2/3/ ~ 1026 Clear 2/4/ ~ 1034 Clear 2/5/ ~ 1078 Clear 2/6/ ~ 1060 Clear 2/8/ ~ 1033 Clear 2/9/ ~ 1051 Warm, Clear with thin high cloud
15 Power Output Measurement VG Cable Output Quartz Rod Output
16 Performance of the Solar Concentrator System San Ramon, CA Hawaii Analog Test 2010 Date 3/20/09 1/29/10 2/3/10 2/4/10 2/5/10 2/6/10 2/9/10 Solar Flux (W/m 2 ) Nominal Cable Power (W) Figure of Merit True Cable Output (W) System Eff. (%) Quartz Rod Output (W) System Eff. (%) Comments Pre-ship test results. Silver coated S.S. Inlet Optics, New Fiber, Clean Mirrors (865)** 39.2* First test in Hawaii. Al deposited Al Inlet Optics Mirror dusty Mirror dusty Mirror dusty Dust cleaned from all mirrors VG (657)** 32.0* Low flux early in the morning, higher flux (~ 1050) later in the day
17 Dust on the Primary Mirror VG Dust Deposit on the Primary Concentrators Seven Primary Concentrators Cleared of Dust Deposit 10% Power Increase by Cleaning
18 Effect on Cable Inlet VG New Cable Inlet Cable Inlet After Test Deterioration of cable inlet decreased performance by 6%
19 Summary VG PSI team deployed and operated the solar concentrator system in environments that are not encountered in laboratory test setting Solar flux varied in a broad range (450~1050 W/m 2 ) Dust effects on primary reflector and cable inlet Freezing temperature in the night PSI/NORCAT Team demonstrated solar sintering of Tephra Lunar surface stabilization with solar thermal sintering of regolith Sintered a 15 in x 15 in Pad Single layer due to time constraint PSI/ORBITEC Team conducted a series of Carbothermal (CT) oxygen production experiments Tephra melt at 1700~1800 C 16 successful CT reaction tests
20 Remote Operation from NASA/JSC VG PSI Solar Concentrator (middle), ORBITEC CT Reactor (right) and NASA/JSC Water Electrolizer (left) operated remotely from Houston, TX
21 Acknowledgements VG The PSI team would like to thank those who helped us in preparation, setup, deployment and operation of the solar concentrator Collaborations with NORCAT and ORBITEC personnel have been very effective, stimulating and rewarding Our participation in the ISRU Analog Test, Mauna Kea, HI was made possible by the Phase III SBIR contract administered at NASA/KSC (mnk10ea03p), Dr. Anthony Muscatello, the technical contact The solar concentrator system deployed at Mauna Kea was developed under the SBIR Phase III program supported by NASA/GRC, Dr. Alloysius Hepp, the technical contact
22 Unsung Hero Leveling the Test Site VG
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