Construction Safety. Mark Reising, Tetra Tech, Inc. NARPM Training Program nd Annual nd Annual NARPM Training Program. NARPM Training Program

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1 Construction Safety Mark Reising, Tetra Tech, Inc. 22 nd Annual NARPM Training Program nd Annual nd Annual NARPM Training Program NARPM Training Program 0

2 Construction Concerns Excavations Confined spaces Scaffolds Fall protection Electrical Heavy equipment Ladders Power tools Noise 1

3 Excavation Definition OSHA defines an excavation as any man-made cut, cavity, trench, or depression in the earth's surface formed by earth removal. 2

4 Excavation Hazards Unstable ground Trench cave-ins Equipment rollover Spoils near edge of trench A cubic yard of soil weighs about a ton Difficult ingress and egress Underground utilities 3

5 Excavation Hazards Spoils Placement No Protective System 4

6 Excavation Fatalities Worker was killed when part of a trench wall fell on him. Worker died from falling debris while working in a trench. Worker was engulfed when the sewer and water trench he was digging caved in. Worker died after being trapped in soil over his head as a result of a trench that caved-in. The trench wall that collapsed was not shored or otherwise protected from earth movement 5

7 Confined Spaces Large enough and so configured that a worker can bodily enter and perform assigned work Has limited or restricted means for entry or exit Is not designed for continuous employee occupancy 6

8 Confined Space Issues Recognition of confined space Recognition of a hazard Permit preparation Following the permit No OSHA standard for construction, except training 1926 Subpart P Excavations Draft Standard 7

9 Confined Spaces Two workers died after entering an activated carbon water filtration tank. Cause of death was asphyxiation due to lack of oxygen. The damp carbon absorbed the oxygen and has been known to decrease an oxygen level from 21% to 4% in a closed vessel. 8

10 Scaffolds An elevated, temporary work platform Three basic types Supported scaffolds Suspended scaffolds Aerial Lifts 9

11 Scaffold Hazards Falls from elevation caused by slipping, unsafe access, and the lack of fall protection Struck by falling tools/debris Electrocution from overhead power lines Scaffold collapse caused by instability or overloading Bad planking giving way 10

12 Scaffold Problems 15 to 20% of scaffold-related injuries involve erecting and dismantling 15% of scaffold-related injuries occur when workers are climbing up and down 11

13 Scaffold Problems Worker for an environmental hazards solutions company died after falling 10 stories from a self-lifting scaffold. Worker standing on a scaffold platform was killed when a forklift hit the platform, which then hit a building under construction. The worker fell and the building collapsed on him. 12

14 Fatal Fact Moving a Lift Employee was operating an aerial lift, with an extendable boom rotating work platform The boom was fully extended and the machine apparently ran over some bricks, causing the boom to flex or spring, throwing the employee from the basket The employee fell 37 feet to a concrete surface Source: OSHA Office of Training & Education, Scaffolds 13

15 Fall Protection Safety railing Hand rails Safety harness and line Safety nets 14

16 Electrical Fatalities Contact with power lines Lack of ground-fault protection Path to ground missing or discontinuous Equipment not used in manner prescribed Improper use of extension and flexible cords 15

17 Grounding Path 16

18 Prohibited Uses of Flexible Cords Examples Substitute for fixed wiring Run through walls, ceilings, floors, doors, or windows Concealed behind or attached to building surfaces 17 17

19 Clues that Electrical Hazards Exist Tripped circuit breakers or blown fuses Warm tools, wires, cords, connections, or junction boxes GFCI that shuts off a circuit Worn or frayed insulation around wire or connection 18

20 Electrical Fatalities Worker using metal poles to catch bats was electrocuted when the poles touched power lines. 19

21 Heavy Equipment Struck by is 2 nd leading cause of fatalities (75% involve heavy equipment) OSHA 465 fatalities from 1992 to 1998 NIOSH 180 fatalities due to vehicles in BLS 20

22 Types of Heavy Equipment Bulldozers Backhoes Bucket loaders and end loaders Excavators and trackhoes Drill rigs Dump trucks Cranes Forklifts 21

23 General Hazards Struck-by incidents Fall-from accidents Limited visibility for operators Noise Vibration 22

24 General Hazards (continued) Overhead/underground utilities Toxic releases Hot parts Burrs and sharp edges 23

25 Bulldozer 24

26 Backhoe LIMITED VISION 180 MOVEMENT OF ARM 25

27 Backhoe 26

28 Backhoe A contractor was operating a backhoe when an employee attempted to walk between the swinging superstructure of the backhoe and a concrete wall. As the employee approached from the operator's blind side, the superstructure hit the victim, crushing him against the wall. Employees had not been trained in safe work practices, and no barricades had been erected to prevent employee access to a hazardous area.» Source: OSHA Construction etool 27

29 Bucket loader 28

30 Front end loader Material handler Not people 29

31 Excavator 30

32 Excavator 31

33 Drill Rig 32

34 Drill Rig Fatalities Drilling worker was killed when a hydraulic line used to lift machinery broke, pinning him underneath the equipment. Worker became entangled in a rotating auger and was killed. Drill rig operator was electrocuted when a radio antenna on top of his drill rig boom contacted a 7,200 volt overhead power line. 33

35 Dump Truck 34

36 Dump Truck Road construction worker was fatally injured when a dump truck partially loaded with asphalt backed over him. A truck driver was electrocuted when the bed of a dump truck he was operating contacted a 7200 volt power line. A path to ground was provided by the truck driver when he stepped out of the truck.» Source: NIOSH FACE reports 35

37 Crane 36

38 Cranes Cranes are involved in 25 to 33% of fatal injuries in construction and maintenance. For the 11 years , 502 deaths occurred in 479 incidents involving cranes in the construction industry. Electrocution by power-line contact was the most common type of incident, with 198 deaths (39%) reported. 37

39 Crane Fatalities Worker connecting a boom to a crane was killed after the crane's arm fell on him. Worker was killed at a construction site when a crane fell on him. 38

40 Cranes Example: Wrong size shovel for crane Improper weight Lifted too fast Bucket came down on cab, crushing it Operator survived with broken bones and concussion Need Inspections Ratings check Tags 39

41 Forklift 40

42 Forklift Fatalities Worker died after falling 15 feet out of a trash box being lifted by a forklift Worker died from head injuries after being thrown from his forklift. Worker was run over and killed by a forklift used to deliver materials at a construction site. Worker fell from a forklift and was then run over by the forklift. Worker died when he fell from a pallet elevated by a forklift. 41

43 Visibility COUNTERWEIGHT EXTENSIONS CAN PRESENT STRIKING HAZARD 42

44 Blind Spots 43

45 Blindspots 44

46 Operator sight distances from eye level to ground Blind Spots Eye level 5 ft - 5 in above ground level Vehicle: Bobcat/ Skid Steer 45

47 Toxic Release? 46

48 Precautions Know site safety plan Be aware of surroundings Be visible Stay away from equipment Use equipment properly Maintain eye contact 47

49 Ladders 48

50 Portable Ladders Inspect before use Designed for intended use Secure top 4:1 ratio 3+ foot extension Stable, level surface Keep area clear 49

51 Ladders Carpenter died after jumping or losing his balance from an unsecured ladder that was falling due to a gust of wind. Carpenter dies after fall from a ladder that slipped from its base while positioned on frozen sand. Worker died of injuries sustained when he fell while attaching plastic sheathing across the inside of a 15 foot high door opening while using a 12 foot high aluminum step ladder to reach the top of the door. Worker died after falling 12 feet from an unsecured ladder while cutting into a 5,000-gallon tank. 50

52 Power Tools Two carpenters were overcome by carbon monoxide when they entered a basement area where a gas powered engine used to power tools was running. A carpenter was electrocuted when a portable electric saw he was using apparently developed a ground fault. Contact with moving parts Noise 51

53 Noise Exceeding 85 dba 8-hr Time-Weighted Average (TWA) requires hearing conservation program Audiometric testing PPE Exceeding 90 dba 8-hr Time-Weighted Average requires hearing conservation program and noise controls Engineering controls Administrative controls PPE 52

54 Task/Tool Noise Levels Air Compressor Front End Loader Metal Shear Hand Drill Circular Saw Crane Impact Wrench Chop Saw Bulldozer Chain Saw Jack Hammer

55 Questions? 54