Paulo Nobre National Institute for Space Research INPE
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1 Paulo Nobre National Institute for Space Research INPE FIOCRUZ Symposium on Climate and Health: SeminárioEventosclimáticosextremos, desastrese impactossobrea saúde. O que dizem os sistemas de informação? Rio de Janeiro, 07 May 2014
2 Global Climate Change Extreme Events Fast Growth Hurricane Catarina (2004) The Blue Carbon Report - UNEP Hadley Centre, UK JFMA 2010: Hottest Period on Record Source: NOAA (2010)
3 Climate-related Health Issues Heat waves 2003 Europe ~ 70,000 deaths: excess heat 2010 Russia ~ 40,000 deaths: temperature+pollution from fires Flooding Rio Madeira 2014: drinkable water contamination Drought Caruaru, 1996: cyanobacteria and dialysis São Paulo 2014: the use of death volume Cantareira
4 The enhanced risk of disease proliferation due to over exposition.
5 Focal Points Rede CLIMA Brazilian Network for Global Climate Change Research Environmental Services inpa, Manaus, AM Biodiversity and Ecossistems MPEG, Belém, PA Oceans UFCE, Fortaleza, CE Water Resources UFPE, Recife, PE Agriculture EMBRAPA, Sinop, MS Regional Development UnB, Brasília, DF Communication Unicamp, Campinas, SP Economy of Climate Change USP, São Paulo, SP Renewable Energy COPPE / UFRJ, RJ Human Health Fiocruz, RJ Climate Modeling INPE, SJCampos, SP Extreme Events Coastal Zones UFSC, Florianópolis, SC FURG, Rio Grande, RS
6 Why do we need our own ESM? Develop in-country capacity to generate future environmental change scenarios Represent processes that are important to us and may be considered secondary in other models Benefit from and integrate with multiple large research programs in Brazil, like LBA, PRODES, GEOMA, BIOTA, etc. Form a new generation of land surface, ocean, atmosphere, chemistry climate modelers Advance climate science Collaborate with countries with similar interests
7 Three Great Challenges of Global Climate Change Research TheFirstGreat Challenge: Numerical Weather Prediction The deterministic laws of fluid mechanics should apply to the atmosphere: weather can be predicted (Bjerknes, Charney, Smagorinsky ) The Second Great Challenge: Climate Change Prediction The effects of green house gases (Arhenius, Manabe) The ThirdGreat Challenge: The Earth as a Complex Nonlinear Interactive System Chaos, Carbon Cycle, Gaya (Lorenz, Bolin, Lovelock)
8 Courtesy Prof. Guy Brasseur(2011) Advances in Weather Forecasts
9 M. Malagutti(pers. Comm.) BESM Niño 3.4 SSTA FCST
10 A1B is a typical business as usual ( ) scenario: Global mean warming 2.8 o C; Much of land area warms by ~3.5 o C Arctic warms by ~7 o C; would be less for less emission
11 From Weather Forecasting to Global Climate Change Scenarios Extreme Events Hit Brazil T062L28 Catarina Hurricane, 2004 T126L42 T213L64 T666L96
12 The Earth as a Complex Nonlinear Interactive System
13 Our Challenge: To build an Earth System Model in Brazil, from state of the art component models in the nation and abroad: 1. To incorporate expert knowledge (e.g. the LBA program) about ocean-ice-atmosphere-biosphere interactions of relevance to Brazil; 2. To provide the scientific foundations of global climate change scenarios for mitigation and adaptation policies to climate change in Brazil; 3. To contribute to form a new generation of modelingcapable earth system scientists in the nation.
14 BESM DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (i) full use of CPTEC s experience and sub-models (ii) collaboration with advanced climate change centers abroad Take CPTEC Global Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Model as the structuring building-block Use GFDL/FMS coupler to add components: Dynamic vegetation with carbon cycle (INLAND); Continental hydrology-ocean coupling (THMB); Ocean carbon cycle (TOPAZ); Enhanced sea ice and pack ice (SIS); Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols (HAM/MOZART).
15 BESM ComponentModels ATMOS CHEMISTRY (HAMMOZ - MPI) CO 2 Trace Gases Particles ATMOSPHERE (INPE/CPTEC) Heat H 2 O A1B A1B CO 2 LAND (IBIS INPE/CCST) Hydrology Land Use FMS COUPLER OCEAN (MOM4 NOAA/GFDL) RIVER ICE Fire RIVERS BioChemistry Predictability Courtesy: Paulo Nobre
16 IPCC AR5 RCPs 4.5 & 8.5 CO2 Concentration
17 (a) BESM 2100 Temperature Change RCP 8.5 (b) CCSM4 (c) CM2.1 (d) HadGEM2
18 TendênciaExtremosPluviométricos BESM RCP 8.5, em2050
19 TendênciaExtremosTemperatura BESM RCP 8.5, em2050
20 1/12 0 Competing demands of resolution, complexity, uncertainty, and long integrations in Climate System Modelling: Complexity Resolution Long simulations Uncertainty Courtesy: J. Shukla, IGES/COLA
21 MCT/INPE-REDE CLIMA-FAPESP Supercomputer for Climate Change Research SX6 SX3 SX4 15 TFlopssustained 100 Pbytes disk/tape storage NEC SX-6 Courtesy: J. P. Bonatti, INPE/CPTEC
22 Earth System Grid Federation ESGF Brazil
23 BESM/FAPESP TRAINNING WORKSHOPS Feb2014: Atmospheric Planetary Boundary Layer Dr. SungsuPark (NCAR, USA) Mar2014: Cloud Microphysics Dr. Hugh Morrison (NCAR, USA) JuL2014: Atmospheric Chemistry and Aerosols TBA (NCAR, USA) Nov2014: Ocean Turbulent Mixing Dr. Vittorio Canuto (NASA/GISS, USA) Dec2014: Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Data Assimilation Dr. S. Lakshmivarahan(U. Oklahoma, USA) Mar2015: Global Surface Processes TBA
24 Challenges Ahead Building a trullyinteractive science-policy making-private sectors network that is capable to understand and use the scenarios and forecasts of BESM for decision making; Bringing the whole of the scientific community, professors & students, in Brazil and other countries to cooperate for that end.
25 BESM Science Team ATMOSPHERE OCEAN SURFACE Silvio N. Figueroa José P. Bonatti Paulo Kubota Enver Ramirez José Pesquero Graziela Luzia Diego Enoré Tatiana Tarasova AEROSOLS & CHEMISTRY Sérgio M. Correa Débora Alvim Vinícius B. Capistrano (Jayant Pendharkar) Paulo Nobre Marta Malagutti Emanuel Giarolla Leo Siqueira Manuel Baptista Gabriel Geraldo Project Management Carlos A. Nobre (PI) Paulo Nobre (Coordinator) Wander Mendes (Program Manager) Gilvan Sampaio Manoel Cardoso Celso Randow Jorge Bustamante Marcos Sanches Adriana Luz Antono. D. Nobre Carlos Guimarães Jr. Raphael Pousa Etienne Tourigny Marcos Costa (UFV) Débora Roberti (UFSM) Andrea Castanho(UECE)
26 BESM Contributing Institutions Coordination: INPE Atmosphere: INPE/CPTEC, USP, UFSM, UFCG Ocean: INPE/CPTEC, USP, UFPE, IISc, NASA/GISS, NOAA/GFDL Surface: INPE/CCST, USP, UFV, UFSM, WHRC, EMBRAPA Chemistry: UERJ, INPE, NCAR, MPI, IITM, CSRI
27 Thank you! Foto: cortesia de Antonio Nobre
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