Resource Monitoring and Deliverability Tool Paper

Transcription

1 Resource Monitoring and Deliverability Tool Paper NWPP MC Phase 3 Operations Integration Work Group 11/30/2014 Page 1 of 16

2 Table of Contents Executive Summary Purpose Existent Methods for Determining Resource Sufficiency Evaluating Resource Sufficiency in the Operations Horizon Contingency Reserve in the Operations Horizon Monitoring Expected Post-Contingency Conditions Proposed Resource Sufficiency Metric RMD Tool Functionality and Output Results RMD Tool Resource Sufficiency Testing - Initial Release RMD Tool Deliverability Testing Future Release Reliability Benefits Received from RMD Tool Balancing Authorities (BA) Reliability Coordinator (RC) Transmission Operators (TOP) Distribution Providers and Load-Serving Entities (DP & LSE) General Operating Scenarios Resource Sufficiency during Normal Operation Resource Sufficiency Following a Contingency Event Resource Sufficiency Following a Loss of Wind Generation Resource Deliverability Following a Qualified Event Resource Deliverability Impacted by Unscheduled Flow Conclusions Attachment A Roles and Responsibilities of Functional Entities Related to Balancing and Resource Sufficiency Glossary of Acronyms Page 2 of 16

3 Executive Summary The Northwest Power Pool (NWPP) Members Market Assessment and Coordination (MC) Initiative is developing a regional process to monitor and perform an assessment of energy and capacity to determine Resource Sufficiency and Deliverability. The Phase 3 deliverables of this project includes designing and building a tool for testing Resource Sufficiency for the current hour and the next two operating hours that closely aligns with the work that is underway to develop a Policy and requirements for Resource Sufficiency which is expected to be finalized in the post phase 3 time period. For the purposes of this paper, Resource Sufficiency refers to the combination of Capacity Commitments to meet Obligations in order to ensure sufficient capacity and energy are available to operate reliability in the near-term horizons while Deliverability is defined as the availability of transmission to deliver and/or receive energy made available for reserve purposes. The Resource Monitoring and Deliverability (RMD) tool will assess expected system topology, forecasted load and generation levels, and e-tags (for interchange schedules) to test for Balancing Authority (BA) and Regional Resource Sufficiency and identify possible Deliverability issues that may occur in future operating hours. BAs must maintain Resource Sufficiency to support regional reliability and ensure costs are fairly shared by providing sufficient capacity and not leaning on other BAs. RMD tool functionality development will be phased in with the initial release testing Resource Sufficiency and future versions testing resource Deliverability post Phase 3. The output results of this tool will allow the BA to anticipate potential resource deficiencies and/or transmission constraints that may require it to procure additional resources or reposture its system to ensure sufficient capacity is available. While the use of this tool is primarily geared towards BAs, other registered functions such as the Reliability Coordinator (RC), Transmission Operators (TOP), Purchasing-Selling Entities (PSE) and Load-Serving Entities (LSE) will also benefit from the BAs increased ability to identify and address potential resource deficiencies and unacceptable system performance before such events occur. The RMD tool output results are planned to be shared only with Participating BA functions in accordance with the July 2014 approved data sharing resolution. BAs will be able to view their own BA information plus a regional data roll up. Any change from this limited sharing approach for output results will need to be approved by the NWPP MC Executive Committee. The RMD tool will introduce a common process that BAs can use to monitor and test Resource Sufficiency and Deliverability in the near-term horizon. This tool will provide strong benefits of increased regional visibility and reliability, both now and into the future, as the tool is allowed to develop through the implementation phases of the MC initiative. The benefits of this tool will derive from more frequent and higher quality forecasted data for load and generation and processing a 2 hour look ahead view that enhances overall reliability and resiliency for each BA Area and the Region as a whole. A byproduct from building the RMD tool is that the quality of Page 3 of 16

4 EIDE data provided by the members is being more heavily scrutinized where errors and omissions will be found and corrected and thus will greatly improving the quality of the data. In order to maximize the value of this tool, NWPP MC Work Team members must continue outreach efforts to MC participants and other reliability entities operating in the Region to demonstrate tool functionality and gain end user acceptance. Page 4 of 16

5 1. Purpose The NWPP MC Initiative is developing a regional process to monitor and perform an assessment of energy and capacity to determine Resource Sufficiency and Deliverability. The Phase 3 deliverables of this project include developing a policy that defines Resource Sufficiency requirements and designing and building a tool for testing Resource Sufficiency for the current hour and the next two operating hours. Testing for Deliverability is envisioned to be added into the tool post Phase 3. This paper describes the proposed RMD tool functionality specific to Resource Sufficiency and demonstrates how the output results of this tool will help the user identify potential resource deficiencies and Deliverability issues. For the purposes of this paper, Resource Sufficiency refers to the combination of Capacity Commitments to meet Obligations in order to ensure sufficient capacity and energy are available to operate reliability in the near-term horizons while Deliverability is defined as the availability of transmission to deliver and/or receive energy made available for reserve purposes. 2. Existent Methods for Determining Resource Sufficiency In accordance with mandatory reliability standards, each BA and Reserve Sharing Group (RSG) must operate to meet Control Performance Standard (CPS) and Disturbance Control Standard (DCS) criteria and plan to meet capacity and energy reserve requirements including deliverability/capability for any single Contingency. Refer to Attachment A of this document for a more detailed description of functional entity roles and responsibilities related to Balancing and Resource Sufficiency. While the Resource Sufficiency requirements have yet to be finalized for the NWPP MC Initiative, being resource sufficient can generally be described as maintaining an adequate combination of Capacity Commitment, Ancillary Services, Contingency Reserve and Regulating Reserve as needed to ensure sufficient capacity and energy are available to operate reliability in the near-term time horizons Evaluating Resource Sufficiency in the Operations Horizon Currently there are no defined criteria that BAs must use to evaluate Resource Sufficiency for the day-ahead or hour-ahead timeframes. In accordance with the Peak Reliability Coordinator Data Request and Specifications for Data Provision document, each BA must provide the RC with its hourly BA Area Load forecast, Interchange schedules, unit commitment data and Operating Reserve forecasts for each day up to and including the next business day (submitted by 1000 PPT). The Peak RC s Operations Planning Analysis (i.e. next-day study) focuses primarily on identifying potential Interconnection Reliability Operating Limit (IROL) or System Operating Limit (SOL) exceedances within two hours of the peak hour only. The Peak RC relies on individual BAs Page 5 of 16

6 to report anticipated resource sufficiency issues rather than identifying such conditions through analysis Contingency Reserve in the Operations Horizon As members of the NWPP RSG, each BA operating within the NWPP footprint must maintain its Contingency Reserve Obligation (CRO) in accordance with rules outlined in the Northwest Power Pool Reserve Sharing Program Documentation. The RSG program monitors each BA as well as transmission capacity for delivery of Assistance Reserve between defined Reserve Sharing Zones by monitoring Real-time flow capability on certain Transmission Paths and adjusting the minimum CRO for zones to address actual transmission constraints (e.g., the CRO for a BA is increased if transmission constraints into its zone limit the RSG s ability to provide assistance and the calculated CRO is not sufficient to meet the Most Severe Single Contingency of the zone). During a recent evaluation of its existent software, a NWPP RSG task force concluded that there are no significant issues concerning the location of Contingency Reserve or internal constraints within defined RSG zones (or within a single BA Area that is part of zone) that must be addressed at this time. 1 The NWPP RSG deals solely with Contingency Reserve. The NWPP RSG does not provide for the sharing or the reporting of either Regulating Reserve or any additional reserve for interruptible imports and on-demand obligations Monitoring Expected Post-Contingency Conditions The Peak RC conducts Real-Time Contingency Analysis (RTCA) to identify overload conditions that may result from individual loss of generating units rated greater than 50 MW. The Peak RC RTCA application conducts this analysis by removing the unit from service and mimicking a redispatch of generation across all BAs to cover the loss (nuclear, wind and solar excluded, all other units adjustments are based on P MAX ). While several of the BAs and TOPs operating within the NWPP footprint conduct some form of contingency analysis (RTCA, VSAT, TSAT) for their respective areas, there is no consistent method by which entities: Analyze the redispatch of generation expected to follow a resource loss to determine if transmission limit exceedances may result. Determine if sufficient replacement power is available beyond that delivered by the NWPP RSG following loss of a credible Contingency (i.e. sufficient resources will be available to balance load-generation-interchange and meet reserve requirements after the 60 minute reliance period has expired). 1 Discussion Draft Summary of RSG Task Force Evaluation of and Recommendations for Enhancing Reserve Sharing Program Software dated February 17, Page 6 of 16

7 3. Proposed Resource Sufficiency Metric As part of the NWPP Members MC Initiative Phase 3 efforts, the Resource Sufficiency Policy Work Group (RSWG) has been tasked with developing BA-level data collection and reporting processes and protocols that can be implemented with or without a Security Constrained Economic Dispatch (SCED) platform. This effort is occurring in parallel with the Resource Monitoring & Deliverability Technical Work Group (RMDWG) tool development work. These efforts must be coordinated to ensure the RMD tool includes output results that are aligned with the RSWG s policy recommendations to the extent possible, including the RSWG s proposed Load and Capability Report, while maintaining a strong reliance on Real-time and forecasted data to test Resource Sufficiency and identify potential Deliverability issues in future operating hours (OH+1, OH+2). Again, note that the Deliverability evaluation is envisioned to be a post Phase 3 deliverable. The RSWG has released a draft proposal for a NWPP Load and Capability Report and a draft Resource Sufficiency Metric (RSM) document. The RSM can be operationalized to determine if each BA has sufficient capacity to operate reliably in the nearer term time horizons. 2 Establishing a common metric by which each BA calculates Firm Resources and Firm Obligations within its boundaries will provide a verification mechanism to assure Resource Sufficiency. Table top exercises are underway to validate metric assumptions and further discussion of diversity between BAs. The RMDWG and RSWG have cross pollinized their staff so better alignment can take place as the goals and objectives of the two groups converge RMD Tool Functionality and Output Results The RMD tool will assess expected system topology, forecasted load and generation levels, and e-tags (for interchange schedules) to test for BA and Regional Resource Sufficiency and identify possible Deliverability issues that may occur in future operating hours. BAs must maintain Resource Sufficiency to support regional reliability and ensure costs are fairly shared by providing sufficient capacity and not leaning on other BAs. RMD tool functionality development will be phased in with the initial release testing Resource Sufficiency and future versions testing resource Deliverability post Phase 3 as indicated earlier. 2 It is important to remember that the RSM is a capacity test, not an energy test; it is a measure of the available generation capacity against load obligations on an hourly basis. 3 In September 2014, the NWPP MC Initiative updated its organizational structure to transition from functional teams, such as the RMDWG and RSWG, to new regulatory, legal and technical teams that are meant to foster consistency across a broader set of functions. The RMDWG has been folded into the Technology Team and the RSWG has been folded into the Go-No Go Work Group. Page 7 of 16

8 4.1. RMD Tool Resource Sufficiency Testing - Initial Release The RMD tool will test Resource Sufficiency for future operating hours by comparing each BA s Total Resources against its Total Obligations. The RMD tool will utilize an algorithm that is consistent with established policy affirmed by the NWPP MC Executive Committee. The calculation engine that supports the algorithm is being designed to accommodate configuration or parameterizing changes so that as policy changes occur, applying those changes are a configuration change, not a software program coding change. In addition, methodologies are being developed to assure that no two parties are counting the same generation as a resource RMD Tool Deliverability Testing Future Release The RMD tool will test to determine if each BA and the Region will be able to access the Resources reserved for upcoming operating hours and whether it will have sufficient ability to recover from its Most Severe Single Contingency (MSSC) or a pre-defined set of non-qualifying events (ex. loss of transmission facilities or simultaneous reduction in variable resources across the Region) after the NWPP RSG 60 minute reliance period has expired. 4 The BA will not be required to maintain reserves simply to meet this test. Rather, this test is intended to alert BA System Operator when, following an event and expiration of the 60 minute reliance period, the BA may not be able to import sufficient energy and capacity as required to prepare for the next Contingency. 5. Reliability Benefits Received from RMD Tool The outputs of this tool will allow the BA to anticipate potential resource deficiencies and/or transmission constraints that may require it to procure additional resources or re-posture its system to ensure sufficient capacity is available. Such testing will assure Participants that each BA is contributing to the Region s Resource Sufficiency needs and provide earlier warning of potential resource deficiencies that should be addressed. The following functional entities may benefit from this tool: 5.1. Balancing Authorities (BA) The BA is responsible for maintaining the balance between loads and resources within its BA Area by keeping its actual Interchange equal to scheduled Interchange and meeting its frequency bias obligation. BAs must plan to meet scheduled system configuration, generation dispatch, interchange scheduling and demand patterns; they also must plan to meet capacity, energy, voltage and reactive reserve requirements, unscheduled changes in system configuration and generation dispatch (minimum N-1 Contingency planning) in accordance with 4 The collective assumption is that the NWPP footprint has enough capacity to meet the NWPP MSSC obligation for up to an hour. The intent of this test is to look beyond the recovery periods already under charge of the RSG. Page 8 of 16

9 mandatory reliability standards and local requirements. Furthermore, BAs must also plan to operate within established IROLs and SOLs. The RMD Tool is expected to increase the BA s awareness of potential resource deficiencies and unacceptable system performance that could result from Contingency events in future operating hours. By identifying such conditions ahead of time, the BA System Operator can proactively mitigate potential deficiencies and IROL/SOL exceedances before they occur Reliability Coordinator (RC) The RC is responsible for maintaining operating reliability within its RC Area. The RC must identify actual or expected operating conditions that require mitigation, coordinate mitigating actions amongst effected entities and direct corrective action as required. Regardless of whether or not the RC has access to the RMD tool, it may still benefit from the BAs increased awareness of potential resource deficiencies and credible Contingencies that could result in unacceptable system performance in future operating hours. Identifying such conditions ahead of time will allow the BA to coordinate with the RC and other impacted parties to develop viable mitigation plans before such events occur Transmission Operators (TOP) The TOP is responsible for maintaining operating reliability of the transmission assets under its purview. Once an IROL/SOL is exceeded, the TOP must take the actions necessary to return within limits, which may include shedding of firm load. Regardless of whether or not TOPs have direct access to the RMD tool output results, they will still benefit from the BAs increased ability to identify and address potentially unacceptable system performance before it actually occurs Distribution Providers and Load-Serving Entities (DP & LSE) The DP provides the physical connection between the end-use customers and the electric system, including customers served at transmission level voltages. The LSE arranges for the provision of energy to its end-use customers but does not provide distribution services. Dependent on system conditions, the DP or LSE functions may be directed to shed load by the BA or TOP functions to mitigate or prevent unacceptable system conditions. While these are distinct functions, in many cases a single organization will bundle the DP and LSE functions together. Regardless of whether DPs and LSEs receive direct access to the RMD tool output results, they will benefit from the BAs increased ability to identify and address potential resource deficiencies and unacceptable system performance before they actually occur. Page 9 of 16

10 6. General Operating Scenarios As previously stated, the initial release of the RMD tool in Phase 3 will test Resource Sufficiency only, while future versions of the tool post Phase 3 will test resource Deliverability as well. The following operating scenarios demonstrate expected RMD tool performance during certain types of system events Resource Sufficiency during Normal Operation Event Description: a BA is experiencing a near peak load day, the majority of its internal resources are in use and import capabilities are limited. As the day progresses, the BA continues to increase internal generation and import additional power to serve its load and gradually reduces its Operating Reserve margin until a resource deficiency is forecasted for a future operating hour. RMD Tool Performance (Phase 3 Release): utilizing an algorithm that s consistent with the policy established by the RSWG, the RMD tool will test Resource Sufficiency for future operating hours by comparing each BA s Total Resources against its Total Obligations. In the operating scenario described above, the RMD tool tests for and detects a continual decrease in available Operating Capacity until the BA s Total Obligations exceed its Total Resources. This test result doesn t necessarily mean the BA will not be able to provide its customers energy requirements. Rather, it s meant to increase the BA System Operator s awareness of potential Resource Sufficiency issues that should be addressed prior to the operating hour. Actions to address issues may include keeping uncommitted resources available (i.e. not selling them) or increasing imports as Available Transfer Capability (ATC) allows Resource Sufficiency Following a Contingency Event Event Description: a BA experiences multiple unit losses over the course of several hours that lead to a Resource Sufficiency issue. RMD Tool Performance (Phase 3 Release): as described in the operating scenario above, the RMD tool will test Resource Sufficiency for future operating hours in a manner that s consistent with established policy. In this scenario, the RMD tool tests for and detects a continual decrease in Total Resources as multiple units are lost within the BA Area over a several hour span until the BA s Total Obligation exceeds its Total Resources. Again, this test result doesn t necessarily mean the BA will not be able to meet its obligations in that hour, it s simply meant to increase the System Operator s awareness of the impact such unit losses will have in future operating hours and identify the need to find replacement energy before an actual energy or capacity shortage occurs. Page 10 of 16

11 6.3. Resource Sufficiency Following a Loss of Wind Generation Event Description: multiple BAs experience a sudden loss of wind generation that collectively, is greater than the NWPP MSSC. RMD Tool Performance (Phase 3 Release): as described in the first two scenarios, the RMD tool will test Resource Sufficiency for future operating hours in a manner that s consistent with the established policy. In this scenario, the RMD tool tests for and detects a decrease in Total Resources across multiple BAs resulting from a widespread loss of wind generation and subsequent reduction in forecasted wind generation output. Since the RMD tool tests the Resource Sufficiency of individual BAs as well as the Region as a whole, it will alert the user if the Region s or a BA s Total Resources is expected to fall below its Total Obligations in future operating hours. Identifying such a condition will increase the System Operator s awareness of the impact a sudden loss of wind generation may have and identify the need to find replacement energy before an actual energy or capacity shortage occurs Resource Deliverability Following a Qualified Event Event Description: a BA experiences a NWPP RSG Qualifying Event and requests RSG assistance. RMD Tool Performance (Future Release Post Phase 3): in accordance with existent RSG practices, the Assistance Reserve delivered to the BA is dynamically scheduled and may be relied upon for a maximum period of 60 minutes from the time the Qualifying Event occurs (i.e. the BA must terminate its request within 60 minutes following the start of the event). As previously described, the RMD tool Deliverability test intends to determine if the BA will have access to sufficient resources after the NWPP RSG 60 minute reliance period has expired. In this scenario, the RMD tool will provide a BA with advanced warning if the tool projects that after the contingency event, supplying internal load will present problems. Identifying such a condition will alert the System Operator that the BA may not be able to meet its capacity and energy requirements for a single contingency in the upcoming hours unless actions are taken to procure additional resources. NOTE: the Deliverability evaluation described above is envisioned to be a post Phase 3 deliverable and subject to change Resource Deliverability Impacted by Unscheduled Flow Event Description: a BA experiences a reduction in capacity resulting from transmission congestion (caused by Unscheduled Flow). RMD Tool Performance (Future Release Post Phase 3): transmission congestion may reduce a BA s ability to access resources over certain Facilities or Transmission Paths. The RMD Deliverability test will advise a BA should system conditions prevent the delivery of resources in Page 11 of 16

12 upcoming hours. If the tool determines that the BA will not have sufficient capacity to maintain its Total Resources above its Total Obligations for future operating hours it will show the BA as Resource Deficient. Identifying such conditions will alert the System Operator that the BA s inability to import energy over a certain Facility or Transmission Path may require the BA to procure additional resources to maintain its Total Resources above its Total Obligations. NOTE: the Deliverability evaluation described above is envisioned to be a post Phase 3 deliverable and subject to change. 7. Conclusions The RMD tool will assess expected system topology, forecasted load and generation levels, and e-tags (for interchange schedules) to test for BA and Regional Resource Sufficiency and identify possible Deliverability issues that may occur in future operating hours. BAs must maintain Resource Sufficiency to support regional reliability and ensure costs are fairly shared by providing sufficient capacity and not leaning on other BAs. RMD tool functionality development will be phased in with the initial release testing Resource Sufficiency and future versions testing resource Deliverability post Phase 3. The output results of this tool will allow the BA to anticipate potential resource deficiencies and/or transmission constraints that may require it to procure additional resources or reposture its system to ensure sufficient capacity is available. While the use of this tool is primarily geared towards BAs, other registered functions such as the RC, TOPs, PSEs and LSEs will also benefit from the BAs increased ability to identify and address potential resource deficiencies and unacceptable system performance before such events occur. The RMD tool will introduce a common process that BAs can use to monitor and test Resource Sufficiency and Deliverability in the near-term horizon. This tool will provide strong benefits of increased regional visibility and reliability, both now and into the future, as the tool is allowed to develop through the implementation phases of the MC initiative. The benefits of this tool will derive from more frequent and higher quality forecasted data for load and generation and processing a 2 hour look ahead view that enhances overall reliability and resiliency for each BA Area and the Region as a whole. A byproduct from building the RMD tool is that the quality of EIDE data provided by the members is being more heavily scrutinized where errors and omissions will be found and corrected and thus will greatly improving the quality of the data. In order to maximize the value of this tool, NWPP MC Work Team members must continue outreach efforts to MC participants and other reliability entities operating in the Region to demonstrate tool functionality and gain end user acceptance. Page 12 of 16

13 Attachment A Roles and Responsibilities of Functional Entities Related to Balancing and Resource Sufficiency Normal Operations Planning in accordance with NERC Standard TOP b Normal Operations Planning, Each BA must plan to meet capacity and energy reserve requirements, including deliverability/capability for any single Contingency. Each BA and TOP must plan to meet scheduled system configuration, generation dispatch, interchange scheduling and demand patterns and unscheduled changes in system configuration and generation dispatch (at a minimum N-1 Contingency planning) in accordance with NERC, Regional and local reliability requirements. Each BA and TOP must coordinate (where confidentiality agreements allow) its current-day, next-day and seasonal planning and operations with neighboring BAs and TOPs and with its RC so that normal Interconnection operation will proceed in an orderly and consistent manner. Each Generator Operation (GOP) and LSE must coordinate (where confidentiality agreements allow) its current-day, next-day and seasonal operations with its Host BA and Transmission Service Provider (TSP). Each BA and TSP must coordinate its current-day, next-day and seasonal operations with its TOP. Real Power Balancing Control Performance the purpose of NERC Standard BAL Real Power Balancing Control Performance is to maintain Interconnection steady-state frequency within defined limits by balancing real power demand and supply in real-time. Each BA providing Overlap Regulation Service must evaluate Requirements 1 and 2 of this standard (CPS1 and CPS2) using the characteristics of the combined Area Control Error (ACE) and combined Frequency Bias Settings. A BA may maintain its own Regulating Reserve or contract to receive Regulation Service from another BA. Disturbance Control Performance The purpose of NERC Standard BAL-002 Disturbance Control Performance is to ensure that the BA is able to utilize its Contingency Reserve to balance resources and demand and return Interconnection frequency within defined limits following a Reportable Disturbance. A BA may elect to fulfill its Contingency Reserve obligations by participating as a member of an RSG. In such cases, the RSG shall have the same responsibilities and obligations as each BA with respect to monitoring and meeting the requirements of this standard. All BAs currently operating in the Pacific Northwest region are participating members of the NWPP RSG. WECC Standard BAL-002-WECC-2 Contingency Reserve requires each BA and each RSG to maintain a minimum amount of Contingency Reserve, except within the first 60 minutes following an event requiring the activation of Contingency Reserve, which is: The greater of either: o The amount of Contingency Reserve equal to the loss of the MSSC; o The amount of Contingency Reserve equal to the sum of three percent of hourly integrated Load plus three percent of hourly integrated generation. Comprised of any combination of the reserve types specified below: Page 13 of 16

14 o Operating Reserve Spinning or Supplemental o Interchange Transactions designated by the Source BA as Operating Reserve Supplemental. o Reserve held by other entities by agreement that is deliverable on Firm Transmission Service o A resource, other than generation or load, that can provide energy or reduce energy consumption o Load, including demand response resources, Demand-Side Management resources, Direct Control Load Management, Interruptible Load or Interruptible Demand, or any other Load made available for curtailment by the BA or RSG via contract or agreement o All other load, not identified above, once the RC has declared an Energy Emergency Alert (EEA) signifying that firm load interruption is imminent or in progress. Addressing Capacity and Energy Emergencies the purpose of NERC Standard EOP Capacity and Energy Emergencies is to ensure that RCs and BAs are prepared for capacity and energy emergencies. Each BA and RC has the responsibility to take whatever actions are needed to ensure the reliability of its respective area and must exercise specific authority to alleviate capacity and energy emergencies. Each BA shall when required and as appropriate, take one or more actions as described in its capacity and energy emergency plan to reduce risks to the interconnected system. A BA that is experiencing an operating capacity or energy emergency must communicate its current and future system conditions to its RC and neighboring BAs. A BA anticipating an operating capacity or energy emergency shall perform all actions necessary including bringing on all available generation, postponing equipment maintenance, scheduling interchange purchases in advance, and being prepared to reduce firm load. A deficient BA shall only use the assistance provided by the Interconnection s frequency bias for the time needed to implement corrective actions. If the BA cannot comply with CPS or DCS, then it shall immediately implement remedies to do so, which may include requesting the RC to declare an EEA. Refer to Attachment 1-EOP-002 Energy Emergency Alerts for a detailed description of procedures by which an LSE can obtain capacity and energy when it has exhausted all other options and can no longer provide its customers expected energy requirements. Page 14 of 16

15 Glossary of Acronyms ACRONYM ACE AGC ATC BA CPS CRO DCS EEA FERC GOP IROL LSE MSSC NERC NWPP OH OIWG DEFINITION Area Control Error Automatic Generation Control Available Transfer Capability Balancing Authority Control Performance Standard Contingency Reserve Obligation Disturbance Control Standard Energy Emergency Alert Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Generator Operator Interconnection Reliability Operating Limit Load-Serving Entity Most Severe Single Contingency North American Electric Reliability Corporation Northwest Power Pool Operating Hour Operations Integration Work Group Page 15 of 16

16 PSE RC RMD RSG RSM RSWG RTCA SCED TOP TSAT TSP VSAT WECC Purchasing-Selling Entity Reliability Coordinator Resource Monitoring and Deliverability Reserve Sharing Group Resource Sufficiency Metric Resource Sufficiency Work Group Real-Time Contingency Analysis Security Constrained Economic Dispatch Transmission Operator Transient Stability Assessment Transmission Service Provider Voltage Stability Assessment Western Electricity Coordinating Council Page 16 of 16