E T µ (PAHs), 2006.

Transcription

1 75 E T 2006.,.,.,.,.,., µ µ µµ ( ) µ µ 2006., µ µ (PAHs), µ (PCBs) µ. µ µ, 1,5 km µ µ µ µ. µ ap;o µµ. 1. µ µ µ µ,. µ µ µ µµ ( ) µ 2006., µ µ (PAHs), µ (PCBs) µ. µ µµ, µ µµ, µ µ.

2 µ.1., µ µ µ, µ 10 km ( 1). µ µ µ. µ 34 km,. µ - µ 29-1, µ, µ. µ, µ µ., m, µ 9 µ (30 30 cm) µ, µ. µ, µ 0-5 cm., µ ( µ µµ µ ) µ 1 1 m, µ µ µ. 1. µ µ -. / µ ( 87) ( ) µ 1. 23, ,48358 / 2 23, ,54901 / 3 µ 23, ,68699 / 4 23, ,49515 / 5 23, ,48026 / 6 23, ,48094 / 7 1,5 km 23, ,44259 / 8. 23, ,43333 / 9 5 km 23, ,41114 / 10 µ 23, ,38799 / 11 23, ,45576 :, :

3 µ µ, µ µ µ, µ, (µ µ ). µ µ ( µ <1 mm) µ µµ µ, µ µ. µ µ µ. µ (PAHs) µ (PCBs) µ µ µ µ µ µ µ <40 µm µ HPLC/FD GC/ECD ED-XRF µ ( ), µ µ, µ. µ µ Solanum Eleagnifolium ( µ ) µ., µ µ µ,.

4 µ (PAHs) 17 PAHs µ µ µ 1. µ, µ µ PAHs, µ µ 17 ( 17PAHs) 1475 µg kg -1 dw. µ 17PAHs µg kg -1 dw (. ) µ µg kg -1 dw (. ), µ µg kg -1 dw., µ PAHs µ [1-4]. PAHs (µg kg -1 dw) µ 1,5 km. 5 km µ µ 1. PAHs ( PAHs: naphthalene, fluorene, phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene, triphenylene, benzo[a]anthracene, chrysene, benzo[e]pyrene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, benzo[a]pyrene, dibenz[a,h]anthracene, benzo[ghi]perylene, indeno[1,2,3- cd]pyrene, coronene). µ - PAHs 1000 µg kg (Np, Ph, An, Fl, B[a]An, Chry, B[k]Fl, B[a]Py, B[ghi]Pe, IPy), 4000 µg kg -1. Baden-

5 79 Wurttemberg µ 1500 µg kg -1.., µ, µ 17 ( 17PAHs) µ 14 µg kg -1 dw 5 km µ µg kg -1 dw. 1.5 km,. µ km µg kg -1 dw. µ µ [5-7]. 3.2 µ (PCBs) PCBs µ µ µ 2. µ µ PCBs, µ µ 7 µ ( 7PCBs) 399 µg kg -1 dw. µ 7PCBs 4.02 µg kg -1 dw (. ) µ 11.2 µg kg -1 dw ( ), µ 3.96 µg kg -1 dw. µ µ µ µ µ PCBs [1, 3, 8-13]. µ - PCBs ( µ #28, #52, #101, #118, #138, #153, #180) 20 µg kg -1, 1000 µg kg -1. Baden-Wurttemberg µ 1500 µg kg -1.., µ, 7PCBs µ 3.91 µg kg -1 dw ( µ ) µ 25.9 µg kg -1 dw.. µ µ, [7, 13].

6 80 PCBs ( µg kg -1 dw) µ 1,5 km. 5 km µ µ 2. PCBs ( PCBs: #28, #52, #101, #118, #153, #138, #180). 3.3 µ µ µ µ µ µ µ 3 4. µ ( µ 5 6) [14, 15]. µ, µ µ µ, S, Cl, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Br, Sn, Sb, Pb,.. µ µ µ µ µ µ., µ µ µ,.. - µ - ( µ 5)., µ, µ µ., µ µ µ µ [15],.. ( µ 6).

7 81. µ 1,5 km E 5 km µ XETA % Mg Al Si S Cl K Ca P Ti Mn Fe Zn Sr V Cr Co Ni Cu As Se Br Cd Sn Sb Te Pb µ 3. µ µ µ. µ µ µ µ. µ % Mg Al Si S Cl K Ca P Ti Mn Fe Zn Sr V Cr Co Ni Cu As Se Br Cd Sn Sb Te Pb µ 4. µ µ µ - µ - [14].

8 82. µ 1,5 km. 5 km µ % 0.01 Mg Al Si S Cl K Ca P Ti Mn Fe Zn Sr V Cr Co Ni Cu As Se Br Cd Sn Sb Te Pb µ 5. µ µ µ µ. (, ) (, ) % Mg Al Si S Cl K Ca Ti Mn Fe Zn Sr P V Cr Co Ni Cu As Se Br Cd Sn Sb Te Pb µ 6. µ µ µ.

9 83 4. µ µ : µ (PAHs, PCBs µ ) µ. µ µ µ µ, µ µ µ.. µ µ, µ PAHs µ µ. µ.., µ µ µ, µ.,, PAHs µ µ µ µ µ µ km, µ µ. µ PCBs µ µ µ., µ, µ PCBs µ, µ., µ, 7PCBs µ µ µ µ µ. µ µ,. 5. µ... µ µ : «) µ µ µ µ µ ( µ., µ. / )

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11 85 biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides in organicallyfarmed vegetables. Chemosphere 63, Manz M., Wenzel K.D., Dietze U., Schurmann G. (2001). Persistent organic pollutants in agricultural soils of central Germany. The Science of the Total Environment 277, Falandysz, J., Brudnowska, B., Kawano, M., Wakimoto, T. (2001). Polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticide in soils from the southern part of Poland. Arch Environmental Contamination Toxicology 40, Covaci A., Hurab C., Schepens P. (2001). Selected persistent organochlorine pollutants in Romania. The Science of the Total Environment 280, Schumacher M., Nadal M., Domingo H.L. (2004). Levels of PCDD/Fs, PCBs, and PCNs in Soils and Vegetation in an Area with Chemical and Petrochemical Industries Environmental Science Technology 38, Zhao X., Zheng M., Zhang B., Zhang Q., Liu W. (2006). Evidence for the transfer of polychlorinated biphenyls, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, and polychlorinated dibenzofurans from soil into biota. Science of the Total Environment 368, Samara, C. (2005). Chemical mass balance source apportionment of TSP in a lignite-burning area of Western Macedonia, Greece. Atmospheric Environment 39, Voutsa, D., Grimanis, A., Samara, C. (1996). Trace elements in vegetables grown in an industrial area in relation to soil and air particulate matter. Environ. Pollution, 94 (3),

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