Capturing translation processes: a multi-method approach

Transcription

1 Zurich University of Applied Sciences School of Applied Linguistics Capturing translation processes: a multi-method approach Maureen Ehrensberger-Dow Institute of Translation and Interpreting (IUED) Daniel Perrin Institute of Applied Media Studies (IAM) AAAL, Denver CO, March 2009 Zürcher Fachhochschule 1 Methodology of our research Multi-method approach: linguistic and educational background information participant observation keystroke logging and progression graphs computer screenshot recordings and eye-tracking replays of screenshot recordings to elicit verbalizations (cue-based retrospective verbal protocols: RVPs) intermediate versions and final text products Long-term monitoring of translation processes: students at three points in their translation careers professionals with different levels of experience different language combinations (G-E, E-G, F-G, G-F, I-G, G-I) translation into L1 or L2 2 1

2 Translation competence models: PACTE (2008) Bilingual Extra-linguistic Strategic Instrumental Translationknowledge Psycho-physiological components 3 Transfer in the translation process - transfer can be positive or negative (Odlin 1989; Selinker 1969) - the greater the similarity between languages, the greater the amount of both positive and negative transfer (Herdina & Jessner 2002) - perceived similarity between languages can result in positive transfer, assumed similarity can result in negative transfer (Ringbom 2007) - cross-linguistic influence can be bidirectional (Cook 2003; Gass & Selinker 2001; Jarvis & Pavlenko 2008) It is thus reasonable to assume, even without conclusive evidence, that transfer occurs in translation because translation involves a contact between two languages and is a form of bilingual processing. (Mauranen 2004: 67) 4 2

3 Transfer in the translation process Potential transfer of a lexical item: eventuell eventually? possibly? Potential transfer of a temporal metaphor: vanish from the page of history spatial metaphor? temporal non-metaphor? 5 Professional s translation process link 6 3

4 Professional s cue-based RVP I just read each sentence, sentence by sentence, and then it was just Order a of case revisions of writing what was there. Sentence 1 Position in text Sentence 2 Title So I just had to go 80to the internet to check the exact EU terminology 100 in English. 120 Typical German back-to-front 140 sentence Thinking how to start it off Pro09DE in English, so that it reads naturally 7 Beginner s translation process link 8 4

5 Beginner s cue-based RVP The first sentence is hard because I didn t know how to get into Order the of text and this uhm aus dem revisions so I had to think about it Verkehr gezogen was really strange Ahh, 50if I could find a 0 good synonym because I knew I Sentence 1 10 couldn t take taken out of the traffic Position in text 20 Sentence At the beginning, the time adverbial and then like I had to get this UE0516DE lady in too. So, then, I did decide to put her first because it s kind of normal in English 9 Potential transfer (D-E): sentence 1 Source text Potential transfer In EU-Staaten müssen immer mehr gefährliche Spielzeuge und Elektrogeräte aus China aus dem Verkehr gezogen werden. Professional: In EU states, more and more dangerous toys and electrical devices are having to be recalled. In EU states, more and more dangerous toys and electrical devices from China are having to be recalled. Beginner: More and more toys and electric appliances produced in China are being removed from More and more toys and electric appliances produced in China are being removed from taken off the shelves due to the risks they pose More and more toys and electric appliances produced in China are being taken off the shelves in the European Union due to the risks they pose. 10 5

6 Potential transfer (D-E): sentence 2 Source text Potential transfer Im vergangenen Jahr verbannten die EU-Behörden rund ein Drittel mehr Alltagswaren aus den Geschäften als 2005, wie EU-Verbraucherkommissarin Meglena Kuneva am Donnerstag in Brüssel mitteilte. Professional: Last year, the EU authorities banned around a third more general appliance Last year, the EU authorities banned around a third more general everyday appliances Last year, the EU authorities banned around a third more general everyday appliances from stores than in 2005 Last year, the EU authorities banned around a third more general everyday appliances from stores than in 2005, as the EU Consumer Commissioner Last year, the EU authorities banned around a third more general everyday appliances from stores than in 2005, as the EU Consumer Commissioner for Consumer Protection, Meglena Kuneva, declared on Thursday in Brussels. 11 Potential transfer (D-E): sentence 2 Source text Potential transfer Im vergangenen Jahr verbannten die EU-Behörden rund ein Drittel mehr Alltagswaren aus den Geschäften als 2005, wie EU-Verbraucherkommissarin Meglena Kuneva am Donnerstag in Brüssel mitteilte. Beginner: EU authorities banned more than 30% a third more daily objects EU authorities banned removed a third 30% more daily objects goods from stores In the past year, EU authorities removed 30% more goods from stores than they did in 2005 According to EU commissioner for ConsumersIn the past year, Meglena Kuneva, EU authorities removed 30% more goods from stores than they did in According to a report made by EU commissioner for Consumers, Meglena Kuneva, in Brussels on Thursday, EU authorities removed 30% more goods from stores in the past year than they did in

7 Development of translation competence Optimization of transfer is one aspect of strategic competence: exploitation of positive transfer recognition of potential translation problems avoidance of negative transfer Others include: metalinguistic awareness (ability to reflect upon and manipulate languages) compensation for the limitations of internal resources (knowledge about which external resources to access and when) Co-investigators: Alexander Künzli, Gary Massey 13 Zurich University of Applied Sciences School of Applied Linguistics Capturing translation processes: a multi-method approach Maureen Ehrensberger-Dow & Daniel Perrin Thank you for your interest and attention! Zürcher Fachhochschule 14 7

8 References Brewer, J. & A. Hunter, 1989, Multimethod Research. A Synthesis of Styles. Newbury Park: Sage. Cook, V., 2003, The Effects of the Second Language on the First. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters. Ehrensberger-Dow, M. & Gary Massey, 2008, Exploring translation competence by triangulating empirical data, Norwich Papers 16:1-20. Ehrensberger-Dow, M, & D. Perrin, 2009/in press, Capturing translation processes to access metalinguistic awareness, Across Language and Cultures (Special issue), 2. Englund Dimitrova, B., 2005, Expertise and Explicitation in the Translation Process. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. Gass, S. & L. Selinker, 2001, Second language acquisition: An introductory course. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. Göpferich, S., 2008, Translationsprozessforschung. Stand - Methoden - Perspektiven. Tübingen: Narr. Hansen, G., 2003, Controlling the process. Theoretical and methodological reflections on research into translation processes, in Alves, F. (ed), Triangulating Translation: Perspectives in Process Oriented Research, Amsterdam: John Benjamins. Hansen, G. 2006, Erfolgreich Übersetzen. Entdecken und Beheben von Störquellen. Tübingen: Narr. Herdina, P. & U. Jessner, 2002, A Dynamic Model of Multilingualism. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters. Jarvis, S. & A. Pavlenko, 2008, Crosslinguistic Influence in Language and Cognition. New York: Routledge. Jekat, S. & M. Ehrensberger-Dow, 2008, Language separation in translators and interpreters, trans-kom Journal of Translation and Technical Communication Research, 1 (1), Leijten, M. & L. Van Waes, 2006, Inputlog: New perspectives on the logging of on-line writing, in Sullivan, K.P.H. & E. Lindgren (eds.), Computer Key-Stroke Logging and Writing: Methods and Applications, Oxford: Elsevier. Mauranen, A., 2004, Corpora, interference and translation, in Mauranen, A. & P. Kujamäki, Translation Universals. Do the exist?, Amsterdam: John Benjamins. Odlin, T., 1989, Language Transfer: Cross-linguistic influence in language learning. New York: Cambridge University Press. 15 References (cont d) PACTE, 2003, Building a translation competence model, in Alves, F. (ed), Triangulating Translation: Perspectives in Process Oriented Research, Amsterdam: John Benjamins. PACTE 2008, First Results of a Translation Competence Experiment: 'Knowledge of Translation' and 'Efficacy of the Translation Process', in Kearns, J. (ed.), Translator and Interpreter Training: Issues, Methods and Debates, London: Continuum. Perrin, D., 2003, Progression analysis (PA): Investigating writing strategies at the workplace, Journal of Pragmatics 35: Perrin, D., 2006, Progression analysis: An ethnographic, computer-based multi-method approach to investigate natural writing processes, in Van Waes, L., M. Leijten, & D. Neuwirth (eds.), Writing and Digital Media, Oxford: Elsevier. Perrin, D. & M. Ehrensberger-Dow, 2008, Progression analysis: tracing journalistic language awareness, in Burger, M. (ed.), L analyse linguistique des discours des médias: théories, méthodes en enjeux. Entre sciences du langage et sciences de la communication et des medias, Québec: Nota Bene. Selinker, L, 1969, Language transfer. General Linguistics, 9, Sullivan, K. & E. Lindgren, 2006, Digital tools for the recording, the logging and the analysis of writing processes, in Van Waes, L. et al. (eds.), Writing and Digital Media, Oxford: Elsevier. Toury, G., 1986, Monitoring Discourse Transfer: A Test-Case for a Developmental Model of Translation, in House, J. & S. Blum-Kulka (eds.), Interlingual and Intercultural Communication: Discourse and Cognition in Translation and Second Language Acquisition Studies, Tübingen: Gunter Narr. Van Waes & M. Leijten, 2006, Logging writing processes with Inputlog, in Van Waes, L., et al. (eds.), Writing and Digital Media, Oxford: Elsevier. 16 8