Job Creating Industries Enhancing Economic Development

Transcription

1 Job Creating Industries Enhancing Economic Development Higher Returns from Strategic Human Capital Investments Study Prepared for the Arapahoe/Douglas Workforce Board April 21, 2010 Denver - Aurora - Boulder Combined Statistical Area 1

2 Executive Summary Regional Workforce Boards as Catalysts for City-Wide Strategy This study was completed at the request of the Arapahoe/Douglas Workforce Board, in order that it may be shared with sister Workforce Boards, economic developers, and business leaders throughout the Denver-Aurora-Boulder combined statistical area to create and execute a multi-county strategy to put people back to work and turn the Denver-Aurora- Boulder Metro economy around. Job Growth is Key to Economic Recovery As the Denver-Aurora-Boulder area approaches the 28 th month of the so-called great recession, over 121,000 people in the region are looking for work, and the labor market is saturated in excess of 13%. A new multipartner approach is necessary to create economic recovery. In light of the current economic situation, the Board realizes that it must join forces with sister Workforce Boards, economic developers, educators and business leaders throughout the eleven-county region around a common city-wide strategy for job creation. Not all are Created Equal The Arapahoe/Douglas Workforce Board acknowledges that all legitimate work is honorable. Work adds meaning to life, gives a sense of pride and accomplishment, creates independence and contributes to the common economic well-being of the region. Anytime someone finds work, it helps us all. Not all jobs are created equal. in key industry sectors, called primary jobs, actually create a greater economic good, and have more potential to drive economic recovery, than those in non-primary industry sectors. When a worker is laid off, her earnings no longer go out into the community to purchase goods and services. This lowers demand and reduces the number of sales made by local businesses. Reduced sales cause those businesses to lay off more workers, which flattens demand further, causes more declines in sales, and precipitates more layoffs. This is what has happened, partly, to cause the current recession. The Effect and Cycles of Economic Recovery s are the measurable ripple effect caused on a regional economy by changes in one industry in that economy. Since the jobs multiplier for commercial banking in the Denver-Aurora-Boulder area is 2.88, if a commercial bank adds ten jobs, an additional 18.8 jobs in other industries will be created, for a total of 28.8 new jobs in the region. This is because banks make loans to consumers and other businesses so they can purchase often large items. Ten new jobs in commercial banking will create a significant ripple effect in the local economy, adding jobs in real estate, construction, manufacturing, wholesale, retail, and a variety of other local industries. The earnings multiplier for commercial banking in the region is Since banks make loans, creating ten new jobs in commercial banking causes demand to rise for services from realtors, construction workers, auto salespeople, car mechanics, manufacturers and so on, all of whom make business-to-business and consumer purchases in their own right. This means that adding ten jobs in commercial banking triggers an additional $1.26 in household consumption expenditures for each dollar earned by the ten new commercial bank workers. The sales multiplier for commercial banking in the Denver-Aurora-Boulder area is To bring on ten new workers, the commercial bank must purchase additional computer equipment, telephones, business supplies, and perhaps lease additional office space. Further up-line, manufacturing orders go up for companies that make office supplies, which increases orders for the raw materials used to produce Because of these additional business to business transactions, each new dollar in sales in the commercial banking industry increases production and sales in other sectors of the economy by $1.85. Key Regional Job Creating Industries This study identifies primary industries in the Denver- Aurora-Boulder Metro area as a whole, and in each of the five workforce development regions that make it up: Adams, Arapahoe/Douglas, Boulder, Denver and Jefferson (Tri-County). It can be used by workforce boards, economic developers and business leaders to build a job creation strategy for the entire urban area, and drive economic recovery for the region. Data for this study was collected from the following sources: Colorado Department of Labor & Employment, Labor Market Information Division, & Economic Modeling Specialists Inc 2

3 Terminology and Industry Classification North American Industry Classification System () The North American Industry Classification System () is the standard used by Federal statistical agencies in classifying business establishments for the purpose of collecting, analyzing, and publishing statistical data related to the U.S. business economy. is a two- through six-digit hierarchical classification system, offering five levels of detail. Each digit in the code is part of a series of progressively narrower categories, and the more digits in the code signify greater classification detail. The first two digits designate the economic sector, the third digit designates the subsector, the fourth digit designates the industry group, the fifth digit designates the industry, and the sixth digit designates the national industry. The five-digit code is the level at which there is comparability in code and definitions for most of the sectors across the three countries participating in (the United States, Canada, and Mexico). The six-digit level allows for the United States, Canada, and Mexico each to have countryspecific detail. A complete and valid code contains six digits Employment Employment numbers were generated from Economic Modeling Systems, Inc., which uses various data sources, including the U.S. Bureaus of Census, Economic Analysis, Labor Statistics as well as state and local projections. Employment data includes wage and salaried employees, contractors and proprietors. Primary Job Creating Industries In this study, primary job creating industries include any industry with a job multiplier over 2.2. In other words, adding one job in a primary industry produces at least 1.2 additional jobs in other industries., and s Results of Adding 100 to Commercial Banking, Denver-Aurora-Boulder MSA Economic Sector Added Change EPW(K) 11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting 0 $ 11,000 $ Mining 1 $ 66,000 $ Utilities 0 $ 29,000 $ Construction 10 $ 588,000 $ Manufacturing 5 $ 318,000 $ Wholesale trade 5 $ 439,000 $ Retail trade 22 $ 696,000 $ Transportation and warehousing 9 $ 476,000 $ Information 3 $ 273,000 $ Finance and insurance 118 $ 8,257,000 $ Real estate and rental and leasing 7 $ 214,000 $ Professional and technical services 20 $ 1,283,000 $ Management of companies and enterprises 1 $ 173,000 $ Administrative and waste services 15 $ 488,000 $ Educational services 3 $ 101,000 $ Health care and social assistance 21 $ 1,095,000 $ Arts, entertainment, and recreation 5 $ 129,000 $ Accommodation and food services 21 $ 438,000 $ Other services, except public administration 9 $ 318,000 $ Government 12 $ 703,000 $ 63 The table shows the economic impact of adding 100 jobs to commercial banking in the Denver-Aurora-Boulder Metro Area. In this region, the sales multiplier for commercial banking is $1.85. This means that sales local businesses make to new workers and other businesses increase by $1.85 for every $1 the newly hired workers earn. The jobs multiplier for commercial banking in the area is This means that jobs in the industry are primary jobs, and for every one job added in commercial banking, other local industries add 1.88 new jobs. Totals 287 $ 16,095,000 The earnings multiplier is $2.26. This means that for every $1 earned by a new commercial banking worker, an additional $1.26 is earned by new workers hired in other industries. The new workers use their earnings to purchase goods and services in the community, which increases business sales, and adds even more new jobs. 3

4 Location Quotients Location Quotient is the concentration of a particular industry within a geographic region versus that industry s concentration nationally. A location quotient of 2.00, for example, indicates that twice the percentage of workers is employed in a specific industry than the percentage employed nationally for that industry. Regional Economic Sectors The Denver-Aurora-Boulder Metropolitan Area consists of eleven counties; Adams, Arapahoe, Broomfield, Boulder, Clear Creek, Denver, Douglas, Elbert, Gilpin and Jefferson. Slightly under 1.85 million workers are employed in the eleven-county urban region, just over 59% of total employment in Colorado. Regional Sector Employment Denver-Aurora-Boulder Metro Area Colorado is a desirable place to live and work, and boasts many amenities and recreational opportunities. It has a strong educational infrastructure and its workforce has higher educational attainment than the national average and sophisticated work skills. Non-Primary Economic Sectors, 1,426,109 77% Primary Economic Sectors 420,528 23% The Denver-Aurora-Boulder Metro Area is home to a variety of major economic sectors that have job multipliers over 2.2, including information, finance, manufacturing, real estate, mining and utilities. A significant number of Fortune 500 and Fortune 100 companies have established headquarters in the area because it is a regional transportation hub with easy access to rail, air and interstate transportation arteries. The pie chart shows that 23% of the region s employment is in primary sectors. The table below shows Denver-Aurora-Boulder Metro Area employment in primary and non-primary economic sectors. Primary economic sectors have jobs multipliers over 2.2, and are shaded a darker gray, and bolded. Industry 2010 Employment Percent Regional Employment Information 64, % 1.92 Utilities 4, % 1.53 Mining 19, % 1.72 Manufacturing 86, % 1.74 Management of Companies 25, % 1.84 Real Estate, Rental & Leasing 102, % 1.81 Finance 117, % 1.81 Wholesale trade 78, % 1.72 Professional & Technical Services 191, % 1.83 Construction 111, % 1.76 Government 215, % 1.80 Transportation and Warehousing 65, % 1.79 Health Care & Social Assistance 165, % 1.83 Other Services 77, % 1.84 Administrative & Waste Services 110, % 1.84 Education 38, % 1.88 Retail 199, % 1.74 Arts, Entertainment & Recreation 45, % 1.77 Accomodation & Food Service 127, % 1.79 Source: EMSI Complete Employment - 4th Quarter

5 Primary Regional Industry Groups The table below shows the major primary industry groups in the eleven-county region, that is, those that have job multipliers above 2.2. Primary industry groups include sub-sectors of mining, utilities, non-durable and durable goods manufacturing, durable goods wholesalers, agents and brokers in electronic markets, transportation, information, finance, real estate, professional and technical services, company headquarters, waste remediation and federal government. The remainder of this study will map regional concentrations of industry groups and the industries that make them up so that the Arapahoe/Douglas Workforce Board, sister workforce boards, economic developers and business leaders can align their efforts around adding jobs in primary industries in each of the five metro workforce regions. Primary Industry Groups in Denver-Aurora-Boulder MSA Industry Group 2010 Employment Petroleum and coal products manufacturing Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets ,020 Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing ,200 Telecommunications ,541 Pipeline transportation Oil and gas extraction ,362 ISPs, search portals, and data processing ,215 Utilities ,258 Broadcasting, except Internet ,444 Chemical manufacturing ,484 Publishing industries, except Internet ,506 Support activities for mining ,680 Internet publishing and broadcasting ,386 Funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles ,113 Food manufacturing ,774 Physical, Life & Social Science Services ,566 Primary metal manufacturing Transportation equipment manufacturing ,810 Management of companies and enterprises ,654 Computer and electronic product manufacturing ,055 Credit intermediation and related activities ,507 Insurance carriers and related activities ,611 Electronic markets and agents and brokers ,734 Other information services Architectural & Engineering Services ,650 Federal government, civilian, except postal service ,268 Rail transportation ,869 Waste management and remediation services ,976 Rental and leasing services ,841 Paper manufacturing ,620 Real estate ,179 Merchant wholesalers, durable goods ,896 5

6 Industry Group Concentrations by Workforce Region Each of the five workforce regions in the Denver-Aurora-Boulder Metro Area has its own mix of industry groups. The tables below show concentrations of industry groups by workforce region. Primary industry groups have job multipliers over 2.2 and are shown in light blue. Adams County Adams County was incorporated in 1902 and is the fifth most populous of Colorado s 64 counties. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, its population in 2008 was 430,826. It has a total area of 1,198 square miles, of which, 1,192 square miles of it is land and 6 square miles of it (0.48%) is water. Adams County surrounds (and surrendered the land for) most of Denver International Airport which is now in the City and County of Denver. In Adams County, 17,396 (8.1%) of workers are employed in ten primary job creating industries. Six other industry groups; legal services, nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing, nondurable good merchant wholesalers, hospitals, and heavy/civil engineering construction, have job multipliers between 1.84 and Together, these sixteen industries make up 19.3% of the employment in the Adams County workforce region and form a basis for economic development activity within the region. The total civilian labor force in Adams County for January 2010 was 221,112, of which 199,810 were employed and 21,302 were unemployed. The unemployment rate was 9.6 percent. The Adams County Workforce Center is located at North Pecos Street, Westminster, CO Its phone number is , and it can be accessed online at Industry Groups Concentrated in Adams Workforce Region Establishments Location Quotient Petroleum and coal products manufacturing Telecommunications 1, Utilities Funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles Computer and electronic product manufacturing 1, Other information services Rail transportation Waste management and remediation services 1, Rental and leasing services 1, Merchant wholesalers, durable goods 8, Legal Services Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing Merchant wholesalers, nondurable goods 5, Truck transportation 7, Hospitals 6, Heavy and civil engineering construction 2,

7 Arapahoe/Douglas (Serving Arapahoe and Douglas Counties) Together, Arapahoe and Douglas counties make up the southeast portion of the Denver Metro Area, which also includes Adams, Broomfield, Denver and Jefferson counties. Arapahoe County is 806 square miles in area, and was first incorporated as part of the Kansas Territory in It was one of the original 17 counties when the Colorado Territory was organized in 1861, and is currently the third most populous of the 64 counties now in Colorado. Douglas County is 842 square miles in area, and was ranked number 1 among the nation s counties for the rate of population growth during the 1990s, but had fallen to 7th in the nation by July It is one of only four counties in the Western United States in the top 10 growth list, and the only county in Colorado in the top 10. In the Arapahoe/Douglas region, 119,329 (22%) of workers are employed in fifteen primary industries. Three other industry groups, advertising services, consulting services, and heavy/civil engineering construction, have job multipliers between 1.84 and Together, these 18 industry groups make up 25.2% of the employment in the Arapahoe/Douglas workforce region and form a basis for economic development activity within the region. The total civilian labor force in Arapahoe County for January 2010 was 301,519, of which 277,357 were employed and 24,162 were unemployed. The unemployment rate was 8.0 percent. The Arapahoe/Douglas Works! Workforce Center is located at 5500 S. Quebec St. Suite 175, Greenwood Village, CO Its phone number is , and it can be accessed online at Industry Groups Concentrated in the Arapahoe/Douglas Workforce Region Establishments Location Quotient Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets Telecommunications 12, Oil and gas extraction 4, ISPs, search portals, and data processing 3, Broadcasting, except Internet 2, Publishing industries, except Internet 4, Support activities for mining 1, Internet publishing and broadcasting Funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles 3, Management of companies and enterprises 9, Insurance carriers and related activities 16,180 1, Electronic markets and agents and brokers 3,778 1, Architectural & Engineering Services 13, Real estate 34,172 1, Merchant wholesalers, durable goods 10,595 1, Advertising & Related Services 2, Consulting Services 9,862 1, Heavy and civil engineering construction 4,

8 Boulder The Boulder workforce region consists of Boulder County, which has two urban centers, Boulder and Longmont. Boulder County is the sixth most populous of the 64 counties of the State of Colorado. The United States Census Bureau estimates that the county population was 282,304 in The county seat is the City of Boulder. The Boulder Metropolitan Statistical Area comprises Boulder County. Boulder County has a total area of 751 square miles, of which 742 square miles is land and 9 square miles is water. In the Boulder workforce region, 44,952 (19.6%) of workers are employed in thirteen primary industries. Four other industry groups, mining, miscellaneous manufacturing, state government (primarily employed on the University of Colorado campus), and advertising services, have job multipliers between 1.91 and Together, these 17 industry groups make up 28.9% of the employment in the Boulder workforce region and form a basis for economic development activity within the region. The total civilian labor force in Boulder for January 2010 was 170,858, of which 159,505 were employed and 11,353 were unemployed. The unemployment rate was 6.6 percent. The Boulder Workforce Center is located at th St. Suite 100, Boulder, CO Its phone number is , and it can be accessed online at Industry Groups Concentrated in Boulder Workforce Region Establishments Location Quotient Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing Oil and gas extraction ISPs, search portals, and data processing 1, Chemical manufacturing 1, Publishing industries, except Internet 7, Internet publishing and broadcasting Funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles Physical, Life & Social Science Services 5, Computer and electronic product manufacturing 7, Electronic markets and agents and brokers 1, Architectural & Engineering Services 4, Real estate 13, Mining, except oil and gas Miscellaneous manufacturing 1, State government 12, Advertising & Related Services 1,

9 Denver The Denver workforce region is part of the City and County of Denver s Office of Economic Development. It serves the city and county of Denver, which is the central urban area in the greater Denver-Aurora-Boulder combined statistical area. is the capital and the most populous city of the state of Colorado. Denver is a consolidated citycounty, located in the South Platte River Valley on the High Plains, just east of the Front Range of the Rocky Mountains. The Denver downtown district is located immediately east of the confluence of Cherry Creek with the South Platte River, approximately 15 miles (24 km) east of the foothills of the Rocky Mountains. Denver is nicknamed the "Mile-High City" because its official elevation is exactly one mile, or 5,280 feet (1,609 m) above sea level. The 105th meridian west of Greenwich passes through Union Station, making it the reference point for the Mountain Time Zone. The United States Census Bureau estimated that the population of Denver was 598,707 in 2008, making it the 24th most populous U.S. city. The 10-county Denver-Aurora-Broomfield, CO Metropolitan Statistical Area had an estimated 2008 population of 2,506,626 and ranked as the 21st most populous U.S. metropolitan statistical area and the 12- county Denver-Aurora-Boulder Combined Statistical Area had an estimated 2008 population of 3,049,562 and ranked as the 16th most populous U.S. metropolitan area. Denver has the tenth-largest central business district in the United States by population. The total civilian labor force in Denver for January 2010 was 313,860, of which 285,365 were employed and 28,495 were unemployed. The unemployment rate was 9.1 percent. The Denver Office of Economic Development has several offices throughout the city. Its main office is located at 201 W. Colfax Ave. Department 1005, Denver, CO Its main telephone number is , and it can be accessed online through Industry Groups Concentrated in Denver Workforce Region Establishments Location Quotient Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing 1, Telecommunications 5, Oil and gas extraction 9, Broadcasting, except Internet 2, Publishing industries, except Internet 4, Support activities for mining 1, Internet publishing and broadcasting Funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles 1, Food manufacturing 5, Management of companies and enterprises 9, Insurance carriers and related activities 9, Other information services Architectural & Engineering Services 9, Federal government, civilian, except postal servic 9, Rental and leasing services 3, Real estate 26,381 1, Merchant wholesalers, durable goods 15,683 1, Legal Services 10,844 1, Air transportation 12, Merchant wholesalers, nondurable goods 9, State government 29, Advertising & Related Services 2, Consulting Services 8,

10 Tri-County (Serving Jefferson, Clear Creek, Park and Gilpin Counties) The Tri-County Workforce Region is comprised of Jefferson, Clear Creek, Gilpin and Park counties and makes up the south west part of the Denver-Aurora-Boulder combined statistical area. Jefferson County is the fourth most populous of the 64 counties of the State of Colorado. The United States Census Bureau estimates that the county population was 533,339 in The county seat is Golden and the most populous city is Lakewood. Jefferson County is part of the Denver-Aurora Metropolitan Statistical Area and the Denver-Aurora-Boulder Combined Statistical Area. Jefferson County spans 4 18 miles (6 30 km) west to east and 54 miles (87 km) north to south. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 778 square miles, of which 772 square miles of it is land and 6 square miles is water. Gilpin, Clear Creek and Park counties are part of the Denver-Aurora-Boulder combined statistical area labor shed, and abut Jefferson County. Gilpin County is the second smallest of Colorado s 64 counties, with an area of 150 square miles. The U.S. Census Bureau estimated its 2000 population to be 4,757. Clear Creek County s 2000 population was estimated to be 9,322, and it is 396 square miles in area. Park County s 2000 population was estimated at 14,523, and its area is 2,201 square miles. The total civilian labor force in Tri-County for January 2010 was 306,001, of which 281,808 were employed and 24,193 were unemployed. The unemployment rate was 7.9 percent. The Jefferson (Tri-) County Workforce Center is located in the Laramie Building, 3500 Illinois St., Golden, CO Its telephone number is , and it can be accessed online at Industry Groups Concentrated in Tri-County Workforce Region Establishments Location Quotient Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing 2, ISPs, search portals, and data processing 1, Publishing industries, except Internet 1, Funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles Physical, Life & Social Science Services 2, Transportation equipment manufacturing 5, Management of companies and enterprises 3, Credit intermediation and related activities 5, Electronic markets and agents and brokers 1, Architectural & Engineering Services 6, Federal government, civilian, except postal servic 7, Mining, except oil and gas Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing 1, Miscellaneous manufacturing 3, Advertising & Related Services 1, Consulting Services 4,

11 Appendix A Appendix A shows 2010 employment, sales, jobs and earnings multipliers, employment concentration by county, current earnings per worker (EPW), and location quotient for all of the Denver-Aurora-Boulder combined statistical area s primary job-creating industry groups and the industries that make them up. A choropleth map showing employment concentration in each industry group is also supplied. Mining and Extraction Regional Concentration: Oil & Gas Extraction 211 EPW LQ 211 Crude petroleum and natural gas extraction 14, Denver, CO (8031) 9,348 $ 170, Arapahoe, CO (8005) 4,069 $ 107, Boulder, CO (8013) 984 $ 55, Adams, CO (8001) 442 $ 66, Jefferson, CO (8059) 145 $ 154, Broomfield, CO (8014) 130 $ 55, Douglas, CO (8035) 41 $ 143, Elbert, CO (8039) 38 $ 52, Regional Concentration: Support Activities for Mining Support activities for mining 3, Denver, CO (8031) 1,687 $ 111, Drilling oil and gas wells 1, Arapahoe, CO (8005) 876 $ 109, Support activities for oil and gas operations 2, Boulder, CO (8013) 444 $ 73, Support activities for coal mining Jefferson, CO (8059) 368 $ 125, Support activities for metal mining Douglas, CO (8035) 337 $ 364, Adams, CO (8001) 196 $ 89, Clear Creek, CO (8019) 67 $ 54, Broomfield, CO (8014) 10 $ 135, Park, CO (8093) 10 $ 69, Elbert, CO (8039) 10 $ 45, EPW 2010 LQ 11

12 Utilities Regional Concentration: Utilities EPW 2010 LQ 221 Utilities 4, Denver, CO (8031) 1,731 $137, Hydroelectric power generation Jefferson, CO (8059) 879 $120, Fossil fuel electric power generation Adams, CO (8001) 753 $107, Other electric power generation Arapahoe, CO (8005) 328 $117, Electric power distribution 3, Boulder, CO (8013) 294 $95, Natural gas distribution Douglas, CO (8035) 204 $103, Water supply and irrigation systems Clear Creek, CO (8019) 27 $97, Sewage treatment facilities Manufacturing Regional Concentration: Food Manufacturing EPW 2010 LQ 311 Food manufacturing 9, Denver, CO (8031) 5,315 $54, Dog and cat food manufacturing Boulder, CO (8013) 1,801 $49, Other animal food manufacturing Adams, CO (8001) 1,480 $49, Flour milling Arapahoe, CO (8005) 474 $54, Soybean processing Jefferson, CO (8059) 192 $38, Breakfast cereal manufacturing Broomfield, CO (8014) 156 $100, Beet sugar manufacturing Douglas, CO (8035) 114 $57, Confectionery manufacturing from cacao beans Elbert, CO (8039) 33 $32, Confectionery mfg. from purchased chocolate Clear Creek, CO (8019) 26 $29, Nonchocolate confectionery manufacturing Park, CO (8093) 11 $20, Frozen specialty food manufacturing Gilpin, CO (8047) 0 $ Fruit and vegetable canning Fluid milk manufacturing Cheese manufacturing Dry, condensed, and evaporated dairy products Ice cream and frozen dessert manufacturing Animal, except poultry, slaughtering Meat processed from carcasses 1, Rendering and meat byproduct processing Poultry processing Fresh and frozen seafood processing Retail bakeries Commercial bakeries 1, Frozen cakes and other pastries manufacturing Cookie and cracker manufacturing Mixes and dough made from purchased flour Tortilla manufacturing Roasted nuts and peanut butter manufacturing Other snack food manufacturing Coffee and tea manufacturing Mayonnaise, dressing, and sauce manufacturing Spice and extract manufacturing Perishable prepared food manufacturing All other miscellaneous food manufacturing

13 Regional Concentration: Beverage & Tobacco Product Manufacturing EPW 2010 LQ 312 Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing 4, Jefferson, CO (8059) 2,049 $212, Soft drink manufacturing 1, Denver, CO (8031) 1,502 $61, Bottled water manufacturing Boulder, CO (8013) 285 $41, Ice manufacturing Arapahoe, CO (8005) 270 $59, Breweries 2, Adams, CO (8001) 18 $46, Wineries Douglas, CO (8035) < Broomfield, CO (8014) < Regional Concentration: Paper Manufacturing EPW 2010 LQ 322 Paper Manufacturing 1, Denver, CO (8031) 703 $60, Paper, except newsprint, mills Jefferson, CO (8059) 385 $80, Corrugated and solid fiber box manufacturing Adams, CO (8001) 346 $60, Folding paperboard box manufacturing Arapahoe, CO (8005) 47 $78, Setup paperboard box manufacturing Boulder, CO (8013) 27 $89, Fiber can, tube, and drum manufacturing Broomfield, CO (8014) 20 $86, Coated and laminated packaging materials mfg Douglas, CO (8035) 11 $39, Coated and laminated paper manufacturing Gilpin, CO (8047) < Envelope manufacturing Stationery and related product manufacturing Sanitary paper product manufacturing All other converted paper product mfg Regional Concentration: Petroleum & Coal Products Manufacturing EPW 2010 LQ 324 Petroleum and coal products manufacturing Adams, CO (8001) 616 $200, Petroleum refineries Arapahoe, CO (8005) 103 $141, Asphalt paving mixture and block mfg Jefferson, CO (8059) 38 $181, Asphalt shingle and coating materials mfg Denver, CO (8031) 34 $96, Petroleum lubricating oil and grease mfg Broomfield, CO (8014) < Boulder, CO (8013) 0 $0 0 Douglas, CO (8035) 0 $0 0 13

14 Regional Concentration: Chemical Manufacturing EPW 2010 LQ 325 Chemical Manufacturing 4, Boulder, CO (8013) 1,846 $125, Industrial gas manufacturing Denver, CO (8031) 790 $60, All other basic inorganic chemical mfg Broomfield, CO (8014) 693 $101, Ethyl alcohol manufacturing Adams, CO (8001) 568 $62, All other basic organic chemical mfg Douglas, CO (8035) 225 $34, Plastics material and resin manufacturing Jefferson, CO (8059) 211 $60, Fertilizer, mixing only, manufacturing Arapahoe, CO (8005) 185 $71, Medicinal and botanical manufacturing Park, CO (8093) 19 $54, Pharmaceutical preparation manufacturing 1, Clear Creek, CO (8019) < In-vitro diagnostic substance manufacturing Elbert, CO (8039) 0 $ Other biological product manufacturing Paint and coating manufacturing Adhesive manufacturing Soap and other detergent manufacturing Polish and other sanitation good mfg Toilet preparation manufacturing Printing ink manufacturing Photographic film and chemical manufacturing Other miscellaneous chemical product mfg Regional Concentration: Primary Metal Manufacturing EPW 2010 LQ 331 Primary metal manufacturing Denver, CO (8031) 174 $81, Iron and steel mills Jefferson, CO (8059) 129 $46, Iron, steel pipe and tube from purchase steel Arapahoe, CO (8005) 106 $76, Rolled steel shape manufacturing Adams, CO (8001) 93 $126, Aluminum extruded product manufacturing Boulder, CO (8013) 44 $66, Primary nonferrous metal, except CU and AL Douglas, CO (8035) 19 $64, Nonferrous metal, except CU and AL, shaping Iron foundries Steel foundries, except investment Aluminum die-casting foundries Aluminum foundries, except die-casting

15 Regional Concentration: Computer & Electronic Product Manufacturing Computer and electronic product manufacturing 14, Boulder, CO (8013) 7,689 $110, Electronic computer manufacturing Adams, CO (8001) 1,666 $115, Computer storage device manufacturing 1, Jefferson, CO (8059) 1,270 $87, Other computer peripheral equipment mfg Arapahoe, CO (8005) 965 $71, Telephone apparatus manufacturing 1, Broomfield, CO (8014) 924 $161, Broadcast and wireless communications equip Denver, CO (8031) 566 $79, Other communications equipment manufacturing Douglas, CO (8035) 68 $81, Audio and video equipment manufacturing Park, CO (8093) 13 $31, Electron tube manufacturing Elbert, CO (8039) 10 $41, Bare printed circuit board manufacturing Clear Creek, CO (8019) < Semiconductors and related device mfg Printed circuit assembly manufacturing Other electronic component manufacturing Electromedical and electrotherapeutic apparatus manufacturing 2, Search, detection, and navigation instruments 2, Automatic environmental control manufacturing Industrial process variable instruments 1, Totalizing fluid meters and counting devices Electricity and signal testing instruments Analytical laboratory instrument mfg Irradiation apparatus manufacturing Other measuring and controlling device mfg Software reproducing Audio and video media reproduction Magnetic and optical recording media mfg EPW 2010 LQ Regional Concentration: Transportation Equipment Manufacturing EPW 2010 LQ 336 Transportation equipment manufacturing 7, Jefferson, CO (8059) 4,844 $166, Automobile manufacturing Arapahoe, CO (8005) 1,119 $83, Motor vehicle body manufacturing Adams, CO (8001) 713 $62, Truck trailer manufacturing Denver, CO (8031) 376 $58, Travel trailer and camper manufacturing Broomfield, CO (8014) 369 $26, Gasoline engine and engine parts mfg Boulder, CO (8013) 121 $57, Other motor vehicle electric equipment mfg Douglas, CO (8035) 42 $38, Motor vehicle brake system manufacturing Elbert, CO (8039) < Motor vehicle power train components mfg Park, CO (8093) < Motor vehicle seating and interior trim mfg Clear Creek, CO (8019) 0 $ Motor vehicle metal stamping Motor vehicle air-conditioning manufacturing All other motor vehicle parts manufacturing Aircraft manufacturing Other aircraft parts and equipment Guided missile and space vehicle mfg. 4, Railroad rolling stock manufacturing Motorcycle, bicycle, and parts manufacturing Military armored vehicles and tank parts mfg All other transportation equipment mfg

16 Wholesale Regional Concentration: Merchant Wholesalers, Durable Goods EPW 2010 LQ 423 Merchant wholesalers, durable goods 42, Denver, CO (8031) 15,845 $82, Motor vehicle merchant wholesalers 2, Arapahoe, CO (8005) 9,063 $97, New motor vehicle parts merchant wholesalers 1, Adams, CO (8001) 8,546 $75, Tire and tube merchant wholesalers Jefferson, CO (8059) 4,313 $87, Used motor vehicle parts merchant wholesalers Boulder, CO (8013) 2,595 $79, Furniture merchant wholesalers Douglas, CO (8035) 1,566 $92, Home furnishing merchant wholesalers Broomfield, CO (8014) 594 $80, Lumber and wood merchant wholesalers 2, Elbert, CO (8039) 63 $49, Masonry material merchant wholesalers 1, Clear Creek, CO (8019) 45 $67, Roofing and siding merchant wholesalers Park, CO (8093) 41 $53, Other const. material merchant wholesalers Gilpin, CO (8047) 11 $79, Photographic equip. merchant wholesalers Office equipment merchant wholesalers 1, Computer and software merchant wholesalers 5, Other commercial equip. merchant wholesalers Medical equipment merchant wholesalers 2, Ophthalmic goods merchant wholesalers Other professional equip. merchant wholesalers Metal merchant wholesalers 1, Coal and other mineral merchant wholesalers Elec. equip. and wiring merchant wholesalers 2, Electric appliance merchant wholesalers Other electronic parts merchant wholesalers 2, Hardware merchant wholesalers Plumbing equip. merchant wholesalers 1, HVAC equip. merchant wholesalers Refrigeration equip. merchant wholesalers Construction equipment merchant wholesalers 1, Farm and garden equip. merchant wholesalers Industrial machinery merchant wholesalers 3, Industrial supplies merchant wholesalers Service estab. equip. merchant wholesalers Other transport. goods merchant wholesalers Sporting goods merchant wholesalers Toy and hobby goods merchant wholesalers Recyclable material merchant wholesalers 1, Jewelry merchant wholesalers All other durable goods merchant wholesalers 1, Regional Concentration: Electronic Markets & Agents and Brokers EPW 2010 LQ 425 Electronic markets, agents & brokers 10, Denver, CO (8031) 2,769 $94, Business to business electronic markets 1, Arapahoe, CO (8005) 2,374 $93, Wholesale trade agents and brokers 9, Jefferson, CO (8059) 1,790 $112, Douglas, CO (8035) 1,445 $105, Boulder, CO (8013) 1,380 $104, Adams, CO (8001) 1,123 $70, Broomfield, CO (8014) 225 $111, Elbert, CO (8039) 42 $65, Park, CO (8093) 38 $58, Clear Creek, CO (8019) 23 $100, Gilpin, CO (8047) <

17 Transportation Regional Concentration: Rail Transportation EPW 2010 LQ 482 Rail transportation 1, Denver, CO (8031) 602 $99, Adams, CO (8001) 515 $103, Jefferson, CO (8059) 327 $101, Arapahoe, CO (8005) 146 $102, Boulder, CO (8013) 140 $103, Douglas, CO (8035) 96 $103, Elbert, CO (8039) < Park, CO (8093) < Clear Creek, CO (8019) < Gilpin, CO (8047) 0 $0 0 Regional Concentration: Pipeline Transportation EPW 2010 LQ 486 Pipeline transportation of natural gas Jefferson, CO (8059) 393 $125, Denver, CO (8031) 147 $184, Adams, CO (8001) 35 $88, Arapahoe, CO (8005) < Information Regional Concentration: Publishing Industries, Except Internet EPW 2010 LQ 511 Publishing industries, except internet 19, Boulder, CO (8013) 7,429 $102, Newspaper publishers 2, Denver, CO (8031) 4,804 $105, Periodical publishers 1, Arapahoe, CO (8005) 3,762 $86, Book publishers Jefferson, CO (8059) 1,669 $75, Directory and mailing list publishers 1, Douglas, CO (8035) 646 $98, Greeting card publishers Adams, CO (8001) 544 $97, All other publishers 1, Broomfield, CO (8014) 297 $80, Software publishers 10, Clear Creek, CO (8019) 61 $59, Elbert, CO (8039) 47 $15, Park, CO (8093) 40 $46, Gilpin, CO (8047) 14 $19,

18 Regional Concentration: Broadcasting, Except Internet EPW 2010 LQ 515 Broadcasting, except internet 5, Arapahoe, CO (8005) 2,679 $87, Radio networks Denver, CO (8031) 2,296 $100, Radio stations Boulder, CO (8013) 278 $68, Television broadcasting 1, Jefferson, CO (8059) 97 $53, Cable and other subscription programming 2, Adams, CO (8001) 59 $54, Douglas, CO (8035) 59 $32, Broomfield, CO (8014) 17 $66, Elbert, CO (8039) 17 $15,369 1 Park, CO (8093) < Gilpin, CO (8047) < Clear Creek, CO (8019) 0 $0 0 Regional Concentration: Internet Publishing & Broadcasting EPW 2010 LQ 516 Internet publishing and broadcasting 1, Denver, CO (8031) 618 $83, Arapahoe, CO (8005) 413 $102, Boulder, CO (8013) 210 $85, Jefferson, CO (8059) 87 $75, Douglas, CO (8035) 44 $60, Broomfield, CO (8014) 16 $92, Adams, CO (8001) 13 $100, Elbert, CO (8039) < Park, CO (8093) < Clear Creek, CO (8019) 0 $0 0 Regional Concentration: Telecommunications EPW 2010 LQ 517 Telecommunications 24, Arapahoe, CO (8005) 7,089 $108, Wired telecommunications carriers 16, Douglas, CO (8035) 5,348 $77, Cellular and other wireless carriers 3, Denver, CO (8031) 5,191 $119, Telecommunications resellers Broomfield, CO (8014) 2,418 $137, Satellite telecommunications Adams, CO (8001) 1,696 $61, Cable and other program distribution 3, Jefferson, CO (8059) 1,328 $67, Other telecommunications Boulder, CO (8013) 721 $65, Clear Creek, CO (8019) 60 $27, Park, CO (8093) 36 $18, Elbert, CO (8039) <

19 Regional Concentration: ISPs, Search Portals & Data Processing EPW 2010 LQ 518 ISPs, search portals and data processing 8, Arapahoe, CO (8005) 3,545 $131, Internet service providers 1, Denver, CO (8031) 1,268 $88, Web search portals Jefferson, CO (8059) 1,154 $75, Data processing and related services 6, Boulder, CO (8013) 1,006 $89, Adams, CO (8001) 467 $76, Broomfield, CO (8014) 268 $86, Douglas, CO (8035) 224 $69, Elbert, CO (8039) 18 $22, Clear Creek, CO (8019) 17 $20, Park, CO (8093) 15 $17, Gilpin, CO (8047) < Regional Concentration: Other Information Services EPW 2010 LQ 519 Other information services Denver, CO (8031) 283 $51, News syndicates Adams, CO (8001) 118 $25, Libraries and archives Arapahoe, CO (8005) 104 $60, All other information services Boulder, CO (8013) 81 $67, Douglas, CO (8035) 24 $35, Jefferson, CO (8059) 21 $33, Broomfield, CO (8014) < Park, CO (8093) < Elbert, CO (8039) < Clear Creek, CO (8019) < Gilpin, CO (8047) 0 $0 0 Finance Regional Concentration: Credit Intermediation & Related Activities Credit intermediation and related services 35, Arapahoe, CO (8005) 11,456 $73, Commercial banking 11, Denver, CO (8031) 8,756 $83, Savings institutions Jefferson, CO (8059) 4,759 $54, Credit unions 2, Douglas, CO (8035) 3,981 $88, Other depository credit intermediation Boulder, CO (8013) 3,441 $66, Credit card issuing 1, Adams, CO (8001) 2,904 $46, financing 1, Broomfield, CO (8014) 426 $54, Consumer lending Elbert, CO (8039) 140 $40, Real estate credit 5, Park, CO (8093) 47 $38, Secondary market financing Clear Creek, CO (8019) 46 $38, All other nondepository credit intermediation Gilpin, CO (8047) < Mortgage and nonmortgage loan brokers 2, Financial transaction processing and clearing 6, Other credit intermediation activities 2, EPW 2010 LQ 19

20 Regional Concentration: Insurance Carriers & Related Activities EPW 2010 LQ 524 Insurance carriers and related activities 32, Arapahoe, CO (8005) 13,405 $75, Direct life insurance carriers 5, Denver, CO (8031) 9,788 $89, Direct health and medical insurance carriers 2, Jefferson, CO (8059) 3,155 $64, Direct property and casualty insurers 5, Douglas, CO (8035) 2,689 $60, Direct title insurance carriers 1, Adams, CO (8001) 1,817 $40, Other direct insurance carriers Boulder, CO (8013) 1,225 $54, Reinsurance carriers Broomfield, CO (8014) 597 $85, Insurance agencies and brokerages 13, Elbert, CO (8039) 99 $35, Claims adjusting Park, CO (8093) 66 $37, Third party administration of insurance funds 1, Clear Creek, CO (8019) 27 $44, All other insurance related activities 1, Gilpin, CO (8047) < Regional Concentration: Funds, Trusts & Other Financial Vehicles EPW 2010 LQ 525 Funds, trusts and other financial vehicles 7, Arapahoe, CO (8005) 2,570 $120, Pension funds 1, Denver, CO (8031) 1,456 $119, Health and welfare funds Adams, CO (8001) 848 $26, Other insurance funds Jefferson, CO (8059) 725 $23, Open-end investment funds 3, Boulder, CO (8013) 704 $52, Trusts, estates, and agency accounts Douglas, CO (8035) 616 $65, Real estate investment trusts Broomfield, CO (8014) 444 $30, Other financial vehicles Park, CO (8093) 0 $0 0 Real Estate Regional Concentration: Real Estate EPW 2010 LQ 531 Real estate 91, Arapahoe, CO (8005) 28,050 $25, Lessors of residential buildings 21, Denver, CO (8031) 26,496 $38, Lessors of nonresidential buildings 7, Boulder, CO (8013) 13,341 $17, Miniwarehouse and self-storage unit operators 2, Jefferson, CO (8059) 10,057 $21, Lessors of other real estate property 1, Adams, CO (8001) 8,709 $15, Offices of real estate agents and brokers 27, Douglas, CO (8035) 6,085 $16, Residential property managers 7, Broomfield, CO (8014) 2,299 $18, Nonresidential property managers 3, Clear Creek, CO (8019) 671 $5, Offices of real estate appraisers 2, Elbert, CO (8039) 594 $8, Other activities related to real estate 16, Park, CO (8093) 471 $10, Gilpin, CO (8047) 40 $13,