Ready-to-deploy ITS results. Open, affordable, scalable

Transcription

1 Ready-to-deploy ITS results Open, affordable, scalable

2 Enabled by Colofon and disclaimer The information in this booklet has been created by the SPITS project consortium. Every effort has been made to ensure all the information in this booklet is correct. However, the SPITS project consortium reserves the right to change project results and/or discontinue any activities at any time, and will not be liable for any consequences resulting from the use of this booklet.

3 Preface Dear reader, Today Intelligent Traffic Systems are a hot topic. They are attracting attention worldwide as a way to improve safety, avoid congestion, provide services to drivers, and reduce the environmental impact of mobility. In 2009, SPITS (Strategic Platform for Intelligent Traffic Systems) was a vision. It started in the middle of the worldwide economic crisis as a Top High Tech project backed by the Dutch government. The SPITS partners believed that by cooperating across the value chain and by creating open standards, they could find practical and economically attractive mobility solutions. In this booklet we proudly present the results of our activities, and introduce the partners in the consortium that made it happen. We hope you will enjoy reading it, and will share our vision of the many new applications that ITS can bring. Kind regards, Carol de Vries Vice President, NXP Semiconductors Executive Chairman SPITS

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5 Index Introduction 7 Our vision 9 Partners 11 nxp Semiconductors 12 tno 14 tomtom 16 logica 18 catena 20 fourtress 22 greencat 24 nspyre 26 peek traffic 28 Delft University of Technology 30 eindhoven University of Technology 32 University of Leiden 34 University of Twente 36 SPITS platform 39 Architecture overview 40 On-board unit (OBU) 43 Roadside unit (RSU) 45 Back office (BO) 48 Human Machine Interface (HMI) 50 Software development kit (SDK) 54 Value for society applications 57 Emergency, Breakdown, Concierge call 58 Pay how you drive 60 Car as a Sensor 62 Software defined radio 64 Incremental map updates over DAB 66

6 Index Shockwave mitigation 68 Lane merging assistant 70 Front View Mirror 72 Odysa in-car green wave 74 Multimodal travel planning 76 Traffic Incident Monitoring 78 Other SPITS proof applications 80 Value for business applications 83 Low Emission Zone 84 Truck Height 86 Fleet Tracking 88 Driving Time Assistance 90 Demonstrations 93 SPITS shuttle tour 94 SPITS road tour 95 List of booth demos 96 Business models 97 Example 1: Cooperative mobility 101 Example 2: Pay how you drive 103 After SPITS 105 Cooperative driving 106 Integrated Circuits 108 Business-to-business 110 DITCM 112 Future applications 114

7 Introduction The SPITS project has involved two years of innovative thinking, close cooperation between organisations, and the construction of prototypes to prove the validity of the system. This booklet describes the intentions and results of SPITS. To illustrate the capabilities and flexibility of the system, several applications that address various aspects of the project have been developed as test cases. You will find these test cases described in this booklet, but also live in public road tours during the Automotive Week in Eindhoven, the Netherlands. The architecture and the full range of technology will be demonstrated in the SPITS booths at the International Automotive Congress in Eindhoven and the ITS European Congress in Lyon. SPITS stands for Strategic Platform for Intelligent Transport Systems. The Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs has subsidised the project. The consortium consists of eight companies, one research institute, and four universities. These partners cover the entire mobility value chain, enabling the complete development of all elements necessary in the system. The SPITS system comprises the vehicle on-board unit (OBU), the Road Side Unit (RSU) infrastructure, and the Back Office (BO) service centre. Communications between these elements is a major part of the Strategic Platform. 7

8 Introduction We believe that the SPITS platform could enable a pan-european ITS approach to handling mobility issues. It is not the final all encompassing solution, however, it sets a milestone that will allow the transportation industry to start implementing many real-world cases. These can be used for field trials, and for actual business and consumer services. SPITS opens the way for introducing ITS across Europe and enables a steady growth in applications for consumers, businesses, and traffic management authorities. After the SPITS project officially ends, consortium members will continue to refine the SPITS results for commercial use across Europe and beyond. The project has been challenging and rewarding. All members have learned a great deal and the Dutch automotive industry has grown into a stronger community. If European governments and the mobility industry want to take the next steps to improve mobility for citizens across Europe, SPITS can help them make this a reality. Ralph von Vignau SPITS Project Manager 8

9 Our vision The density of traffic on the roads is increasing, which is increasing the problems in cities. It is also becoming more and more difficult to maintain a network of roads which traffic can safely travel upon at reasonable speeds. Intelligent Traffic Systems are the means for assisting traffic on an individual or very localised basis. However, this can only be of value if there is a path for implementing both an infrastructure and an affordable ITS unit in the car. There must be a balance of applications that will appeal to the following three stakeholders: The consumer needs to see a benefit in comfort, safety, and mobility Commercial users must see business benefits in timesaving for logistics and fleet management, fuel savings, and savings in vehicle repairs Governments must see benefits in being able to control traffic, increase traffic flow, prevent accidents, implement road tolls, and control access to restricted areas in city centres The societal benefits can be found in lower emissions and fuel usage, as well as in a significant reduction of accidents. 9

10 Our vision The SPITS project set out a number of criteria for realising a sustainable system. It must: Be affordable for the average consumer Have upgradable hardware and software to extend the lifetime within a vehicle Be standardised for pan-european usage Have an open architecture for market interoperability Be based on modern consumer electronics and applications expectations SPITS set itself the task of creating a platform for cooperative ITS applications that would be: open, scalable, real-time, sustainable, secure, and affordable. Another requirement of the system is that it meets all the requirements necessary for a vehicle to exist in the future cloud of communications. All communications were to use standard protocols (ETSI, IEEE). Special attention would be paid to security and privacy. When operating, a vehicle would have to know where it is, the best route to its destination, the environmental conditions around it, and how fast it should travel in real-time. Driver assistance to avoid accidents, and find parking and charging stations would be normal services for everyone. SPITS enables ITS to become a reality. 10

11 Partners Partners The SPITS consortium consists of eight companies, one research institute, and four universities. These partners cover the entire mobility value chain, enabling the complete development of all elements necessary in the system. 11

12 nxp Semiconductors About NXP Semiconductors NXP specialises in High Performance Mixed Signal technology and is a world leader in automotive integrated circuits: #1 worldwide in car radio #1 worldwide in CAN/LIN/FlexRay in-vehicle networking #1 worldwide in passive keyless entry and immobilisers #3 worldwide in magnetic sensors Early leadership in emerging technologies, like emergency call, GPS-based road pricing, and car to car communications With its high innovation rate, expertise in automotive qualified electronic circuits, and a quality standard that is recognised around the world, NXP is well placed to enter into the new business challenge of ITS. 12

13 nxp semiconductors Partners ITS activities NXP has embraced ITS as a strategic business opportunity. In line with this ambition, NXP uses its radio technology and automotive knowledge to enable affordable miniaturised solutions for ITS equipment. NXP is working closely with leading OEMs and Tier 1 companies to define new products and market solutions. Contribution to SPITS The explicit focus of ITS has led to NXP taking the leadership of the SPITS project. Within the SPITS project NXP intends to cooperate on building a system that will enable a broad market introduction across Europe and beyond. In the SPITS project NXP has delivered the following key innovations: Digital radio reception, state-of-the-art Dirana3 and Hero chip sets Prototypes of next generation, software configurable digital radio chips: DAB-T, DVB-T, DRM A radio solution where NXP s leading car radio is controlled via USB, for example by a TomTom navigation unit Car-to-car communications for active safety solutions with WLAN p An in-car emergency call solution that can easily be connected to different alarm services 13

14 tno About TNO TNO connects people and knowledge to create innovations that boost the sustainable competitive strength of industry and the well being of society. For Transport and Mobility TNO works in cooperation with partners on sustainable and innovative solutions for the mobility of people and goods. TNO is: ground breaking, conscientious, solution driven, and independent with over 4,400 TNO colleagues. ITS activities The growing need for mobility poses the challenge of making mobility smarter, cleaner, quieter, and safer, using TNO s leading scientific knowledge and unique measurement and testing facilities. With respect to ITS, TNO is involved in many (international) projects in the fields of in-car and roadside data fusion and technologies, effect (simulation) studies of traffic management, HMI design and effects, and cooperative business models for companies and for government policy purposes. 14

15 tno Partners Contribution to SPITS TNO aims to be the innovation and test centre for cooperative systems and services in Europe. SPITS and the resulting demo application for first generation CCC and C-ACC will enable TNO to push the large-scale implementation and deployment of ITS forward. Field tests on the A270 highway will further support this. The main focus is on in-car and roadside sensor fusion. The SPITS cooperation between the most important Dutch players in the field of ITS will enable the Netherlands to take a huge step in leading the developments in ITS. Therefore, SPITS is the start of an open innovation environment (DITCM) with respect to cooperative mobility. TNO has achieved the following results within the SPITS project: Unique large scale experiments demonstrating significant reduction of shockwave traffic jams using various penetration rates of cooperative vehicle and road-based technologies. Realisation of roadside video based monitoring and roadside services on A270 for future cooperative testing purposes within the DITCM cooperation Car-as-a-Sensor application deducing driving conditions (e.g. road friction, road geometry, vehicle state) by fusing and interpreting vehicle sensor data Hybrid vehicle battery planning to support truck access in low emission zones 15

16 tomtom About TomTom Founded in 1991, TomTom (AEX:TOM2) is the world s leading supplier of location and navigation products and services focused on providing all drivers with the world s best navigation experience. TomTom products include portable navigation devices, in-dash infotainment systems, fleet management solutions, maps and real-time services, including the award winning TomTom HD Traffic. ITS activities Traffic congestion is an issue that virtually every driver has to contend with at some point in his or her life. It affects millions of people all over the world and has serious effects on drivers on the personal, business, and community level. TomTom has developed the very best traffic navigation system to help people get through traffic faster. 16

17 tomtom Partners The company already reduces journey times for individual TomTom drivers by up to 15%. In the future, when 10% of drivers use TomTom s HD Traffic navigation system there will be a collective effect, and TomTom aims to reduce journey times for everyone by up to 5% where there is traffic. The TomTom HD Traffic navigation system is a viable, cost-effective solution here and now to reduce traffic congestion on a very large scale, by simply making the traffic flow more efficient. Contribution to SPITS TomTom has used its knowledge of in-dash connected navigation and traffic systems to support innovation in the ITS domain. The company developed an open and upgradeable in-dash ITS platform, able to support plug-n-play hardware support, downloadable services, and p communication. This platform enables the ITS application to be developed suitable for large-scale field operational trials (FOTs). The platform has been validated in several project experiments, including TNO s shockwave experiment at the A270 test facility. TomTom has also explored how the ITS roadside infrastructure can be used to enhance existing traffic services. Using HD Traffic, this information can be instantly sent to millions of vehicles on the road to avoid road incidents. 17

18 logica About Logica For Logica, intelligent traffic systems are a high growth area. As a trusted innovation partner, Logica enables its clients to accelerate the large-scale deployment of intelligent transport systems and services to drive seamless and sustainable mobility across all transport modes. ITS activities Logica is leading the way in the large-scale deployment of Intelligent Transport Systems and services. The company s ITS solutions focus on smart travel, infrastructure charging, smart logistics, and transport management. The core of their added value is their ability to draw on international expertise in the design of sustainable, world class transport solutions, including energy use management, sustainable travel, multi-modal journey planning, and emissions management. 18

19 logica Partners Contribution to SPITS With this project a platform will be created that will bring a number of Logica s applications to the market. Also, the knowledge gained through such a platform will enable Logica to maintain its position in delivering world-class expertise to its customers. This involves the design of a back office, overall architecture and system integration, security aspects, and the knowledge of business models. Another objective for Logica is to work on a proof of concept with large potential customers. As one of the four lead partners in the SPITS project, Logica has contributed greatly to developing the open platform, which enables secure car communication with other cars (car2car), back offices, and roadside units. 19

20 catena About Catena Catena is an international group with expertise in the design of integrated circuits. Since 1986, Catena has become a centre of excellence in radio frequency communication, analogue, mixed-signal, and digital signal processing. For circuit realisation, Catena has access to a wide set of Silicon and Silicon-Germanium processes, and has design expertise in Bipolar, CMOS and BiCMOS technologies. ITS activities Catena is involved in a number of activities related to ITS in the car. These comprise the field of radio reception technology for Analogue and Digital Radios in general, as well as developing a platform for integrating a number of existing and new communication systems, such as WiFi, WiMax, and GPS in a SoC (System on Chip), using Software Defined Radio technology. 20

21 catena Partners Contribution to SPITS Catena s cooperation with the important players in the automotive industry and universities in this project has included making a connection to the RFCMOS in 65 nm technology of NXP, making demonstrators for radio technology design-ins and WiFi/ WiMax applications with TomTom, and gaining access to the knowledge of the universities and TNO. Catena co-developed a demo radio with new tuner architecture in RFCMOS on board for analogue (FM/ AM) with new algorithms for reception improvement, new noise cancellation techniques, reception for multi standard digital radio (DAB/DRM/HD), and new RDS algorithms for AF-follow (Alternate Frequencies) and TA (Traffic Announcement). In addition, Catena developed test chips for the latest wireless communication standards, such as WiFi and WiMAX, and a low power GPS front-end to be used for carentertainment, navigation, and in-car and car-to-car communication systems. 21

22 fourtress About Fourtress Fourtress provides high quality services in the field of technical software development. Our services range from the implementation of projects, product development, and advice to contracting out technical software specialists. The company s long experience in this market guarantees quality and reliability. The employees of Fourtress have thorough knowledge and experience and are selected based on their drive and quality. They develop surprisingly good solutions that work! ITS activities Fourtress develops, produces, and sells various products for the automotive and domotica domain: Track & Trace, mileage administration, and security solutions for expensive goods, such as boats, agricultural machines and classic cars. The company is specialised in cloud solutions in conjunction with mobile devices like the iphone and Android phones. In addition, Fourtress develops many products around mobile applications. Think of port control, mobile switches, quick alert systems, and emergency response systems. 22

23 fourtress Partners Contribution to SPITS Fourtress aims to become a well-known player in the automotive domain. As a smaller player, the company s challenge is to work with larger players like TomTom and NXP, to devise solutions and products for ITS applications and purposes. In SPITS, Fourtress is working on applications that capture the imagination and show the current state of the art. For the SPITS project, Fourtress has developed Track, Check & Trace and an application based on a public transport solution: OV9292. Both applications are embedded in the on-board unit (OBU) of SPITS. The company has delivered two applications for the OBU in good order and created an extra product for Live Location View of vehicles and goods. During this project, Fourtress has extended its knowledge in cloud computing and mobile applications for Android and iphone platforms. Together with TomTom, the company has been working on back-office solutions in relation to cloud services. 23

24 greencat About GreenCat GreenCat offers fully integrated IT solutions for international and intermodal logistics. It operates with over 200 employees for around 500 service providers in the transport, storage, and intermodal transport sector. As a result, GreenCat is one of the largest European players in the field of logistics automation. The company has branches in France, Belgium, and Germany. GreenCat is a Groeneveld company. ITS activities GreenCat develops and delivers technical solutions to optimise logistics and fleet management, using information from the vehicle and the outside world. 24

25 greencat Partners Contribution to SPITS GreenCat is developing a new range of innovative future-proof board computers. Different communication channels, a modular approach, and links to (truck-specific) navigation are key. This is fully in line with the SPITS project and hence this project will be of great value to GreenCat. GreenCat coupled a driving time assistance application with a navigation system to find parking within the remaining legal driving time. This application will be used for a fleet tracking application. GreenCat also developed an experimental on-board unit according to the SPITS architecture. IT for the moving world 25

26 nspyre About Nspyre Nspyre is one of the most experienced service providers in software development. We operate out of four regions and employ more than 550 employees. Our regional focus, close to our customers and employees, is an explicit choice based on our firm belief that entrepreneurial spirit should be stimulated throughout our company. The service package of Nspyre covers the whole range: consultancy and project management, development, and engineering right down to SLAbased management. It is done on a project basis or through secondment. Each customer assignment requires an individual approach. As a result we use various business models: fixed-price, fixeddate, time and material, risk/reward. Our passion for technology can deal with any challenge! 26

27 nspyre Partners Contribution to SPITS Nspyre contributed to the development of Software Development Kits (SDK) and of applications and services. As a result of the SPITS project Nspyre has strengthened its relation with SPITS partners. Also the visibility of Nspyre as a development partner in the ITS area has improved, which resulted in new customers and new projects. 27

28 peek traffic About Peek Traffic The people at Peek develop and implement innovative systems that offer concrete solutions for improving mobility, safety, and the environment on European roads. Peek leads the way in traffic control and develops, provides, and maintains innovative solutions for cleaner, safer, and smoother traffic management. ITS activities As mobility demands continue to increase,, Peek provides solutions for getting the best possible performance from the existing infrastructure. Peek s portfolio of traffic management and control solutions includes urban traffic control (local and networked), motorway management, public transport systems, and enforcement. Peek is one of the drivers of the new cooperative systems technology, and is and has been active in many European and national research programmes. 28

29 peek traffic Partners Contribution to SPITS Peek s main contribution to SPITS is in the realm of the direct vehicle to infrastructure communication (CALM FAST over p), the roadside unit (RSU), and a number of applications. The company has concentrated on applications that essentially use the vehicle to infrastructure communication: feedback of intersection control status to drivers and the Front View Mirror application that provides safety relevant information about the road ahead. Peek has implemented a roadside unit that can communicate with existing infrastructure control equipment (like traffic light controllers) on one side and with passing vehicles on the other side. In addition, the company has implemented applications and communication drivers on the on-board platform that demonstrate the vehicle to infrastructure capabilities of SPITS. The CALM FAST communication software developed by Peek has been shared as open source with the SPITS partners. It is used for all p communication of the SPITS systems in the project. 29

30 Delft University of Technology About Delft University of Technology The Delft University of Technology supplies independent knowledge and driven engineers. Advanced scientific research and education, together with academic inquisitiveness, lead to new insights and innovations. This makes the University an expert and above all, an inspiring partner in consulting or project-based alliances. ITS activities The Delft University of Technology has a strong research experience in Transport, in general, and in Intelligent Transport Solutions, in particular. Over 50 researchers and PhD students study potential solutions to alleviate traffic congestion or to support drivers in their driving task. These groups have a strong position in the international field of transportation research, shown by the numerous international publications and invitations for international presentations. Some key research interests are traffic flow modelling, intelligent vehicles, and (dynamic) traffic management, both by in-car systems and roadside systems. 30

31 Delft University of Technology Partners Contribution to SPITS The Delft University of Technology has made two contributions to SPITS that are more focussed on the application of the platform. The first application is the Pay As You Drive (PAYD) programme. It studies to which extent drivers are willing to change their driving behaviour due to financial incentives from an insurer. The possible impact of in-car systems has also been studied (changes in car-following or lane changes), in both models and empirical studies. The following results have been obtained for the PAYD project: 1. Approximately 25% of the drivers are willing to change to a variable insurance if they receive 7 reward on an insurance of 49 on average 2. The decision to change depends very little on rates 3. There is a change in driving behaviour. However, this is not seen in people who do not choose the variable insurance 4. People do not just choose the cheapest premium The Delft University of Technology also developed new traffic flow models that simulate advice given to drivers and how they affect the traffic stream. 31

32 eindhoven University of Technology About Eindhoven University of Technology At the Eindhoven University of Technology, the Electronic Systems group studies advanced video processing using neural networks for traffic sign recognition, and investigates carefully located information overlays on video streams. The System Architectures & Networks group and Dynamics & Control group investigate Car2Car and Car2Infra communication and control systems. Nowadays road sign classification systems are static and specific. Using fully trainable neural networks enables new traffic signs to be added online instead of redesigning a dedicated algorithm over and over again Positioning overlays on real-time video streams enables information to be positioned exactly on the road ahead, providing augmented reality, on screen Future safety applications will use massive external communication based on improved One-hop Periodic Broadcast Communication between vehicles and between vehicles and RSUs 32

33 eindhoven University of Technology Partners Contribution to SPITS A Convolutional Learning Neural Network system is being designed and trained using a set of speed sign images. Graphics Processing Units are used to provide massive parallel processing at a low cost. A front-facing camera provides a live video stream of the road ahead. The road location on the screen is calculated with colour and edge features. The precise location of the navigation overlay on the live video stream is calculated with the TI OMAP 3530, used in the SPITS OBU from TomTom. For reliable communication between cars, two simple but effective randomised broadcasting schemes have been proposed and analysed to alleviate the impact of the hidden node problem. Demonstrators and proof of concepts: A trainable, low cost Convolutional Neural Network system for recognising speed signs A navigation overlay presents actual information and is precisely positioned on a live video stream. It is mapped on the road ahead, live on the screen Simulator and results show how One-hop Periodic Broadcast Communication is improved within the IEEE p standard Controller for reliable C-ACC vehicle platooning 33

34 University of Leiden About University of Leiden Leiden University is one of Europe's foremost research universities. Established in 1575, it is a member of the League of European Research Universities. The Leiden Institute of Advanced Computer Science (LIACS) is the computer science institute for the University. It has a strong and vibrant research program in computer science with a good balance of core computer science and applications. CeTIM is the Technology and Innovation Management research centre of LIACS with research activities in the management of innovation networks and the management of networked virtual organisations. ITS activities Research into innovation policy on the introduction of a national intelligent traffic IT infrastructure. Research into the development of intelligent management services that can be delivered from a national backend service centre, and research into turning the high amount of data collected into an intelligent infrastructure. 34

35 University of Leiden Partners Contribution to SPITS The LIACS and CeTIM have contributed in two main areas: 1. Backend service modelling and data mining, including mobility, dynamics, economics, and sustainability 2. Entrepreneurial innovation modelling. LIACS and CeTIM co-organised the European Idea Competition, called the European Satellite Navigation Competition (ESNC) The results we achieved include: A prototype application for mobile services based on an intelligent management system has been developed to show the capabilities of the backend services. The application is running on Apple s ios platform A Workshop Series on Infrastructure Innovation: Avoiding the fate of the EPD - managing innovation challenges in critical infrastructure projects such as SPITS User-orientation of critical infrastructure projects including intelligent traffic systems at ICE Conference 2010 Business Forum on business model innovation in cooperation with BMW and AUDI 35

36 University of Twente About the University of Twente The University of Twente is a young, entrepreneurial university. The Centre for Telematics and Information Technology (CTIT) of the University of Twente is one of the primary ICT research institutes in Europe with over 475 researchers. ITS activities Within the CTIT a wide range of research related to Intelligent Traffic Systems is performed. This includes the design of integrated circuits (ICs), which form the core of the hardware platform for ITS, the design and analysis of communication protocols for vehicular networks, security and privacy of ITS systems, and modelling of ITS systems. 36