Research Project DPC - RELUIS
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- Julianna Elliott
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1 Rete dei Laboratori Universitari di Ingegneria Sismica (RELUIS) Dipartimento di Ingegneria Strutturale Politecnico di Milano Research Project DPC - RELUIS SIMBAD: a database with Selected Input Motions for displacement- Based Assessment and Design 3 rd release by Chiara Smerzini & Roberto Paolucci Department of Structural Engineering Politecnico di Milano, ITALY January
2 1 Scope In response to the objectives of the RELUIS Project Line 2 Development of displacement-based approaches for vulnerability assessment, funded by the Department of Civil Protection from 2010 to 2013, the construction of a strong ground motion database suitable for displacement-based design and assessment was achieved by the Research Unit at the Department of Structural Engineering of Politecnico di Milano. One of the key issues related to the definition of the seismic demand in terms of displacement spectra within displacement-based procedures for both design and assessment purposes is the availability of reliable response spectral ordinates up to long periods, say about 10 s, of potential interest for engineering applications. The need of reliable displacement spectral ordinates over a broad range of periods (< 10 s) leads to the selection of worldwide good quality accelerograms, provided in most cases by digital instruments. The SIMBAD database (Selected Input Motions for displacement-based Assessment and Design) was created by assembling records from different worldwide strong ground motion databases, with the main objective of providing records of engineering relevance for the most frequent design conditions in Italy. 2 Data selection The 3 rd release of the SIMBAD database consists of 467 three-component accelerograms, selected according to the following criteria: a) shallow crustal earthquakes worldwide with moment magnitude M W ranging from 5 to 7.3 and epicentral distance R epi approximately less than 30 km. This ensures to provide strong ground motion records of engineering relevance for most of the design conditions of interest in Italy, that can be used without introducing scaling factors. b) Good quality at long periods, so that we considered, expect for a few exceptions, only records for which the high-pass cut-off frequency used by the data provider is below 0.15 Hz. Therefore, most records are from digital instruments, while from analog instruments only those records with a good signal to noise ratios at long periods, typically from large magnitude earthquakes, were retained. c) Availability of V S30 measurements (preferable) or definition of the Eurocode 8 (CEN, 2004) site class based on quantitative criteria. 2
3 3 Data source and processing The sources of strong ground motion records are summarized in Table 1. In general, raw acceleration time histories were processed according to the procedure devised by Paolucci et al. (2010) and applied to the Italian ACcelerometric Archive (ITACA, with special care to ensure compatibility of corrected records. The latter requirement means that single and double integration of the corrected accelerograms produce velocity and displacement time series with zero initial conditions and without unphysical baseline trends, so that no further correction is needed. For each record, the same filter band was selected and applied to the three spatial components. Except for a few exceptions, records were included in SIMBAD only if the high-pass filter frequency was not larger than 0.15 Hz. It is worth recalling herein that only for the ground motions derived from ITACA or from USA providers (PEER, CESMD and NSMP databases, see Table 1), corrected records were included in SIMBAD as disseminated by the data provider, without re-processing raw records. From an operational viewpoint, the database is handled through the relational database management system Microsoft Access (see example in Figure 1). The compiled database is organized into three main sections: 1. Earthquakes: event name and date, area, M W, focal mechanism, event latitude and longitude, focal depth, fault solutions (strike, dip, rake, fault length, fault width, fault depth, reference for source inversion); 2. Stations: station code and name, station latitude and longitude, elevation above the sea level, site class according to EC8, V S30 measurements, type of instrument, analog/digital recorder, data source; 3. Records: station code, epicentral distance, hypocentral distance, Joyner-Boore distance, fault distance, record file name, sampling time interval, data units, type of record processing, high-pass and low-pass filtering, 3
4 Table 1 Sources of strong ground motion records of the SIMBAD database. Country/area No. of records Source Website Japan 220 Italy 83 USA 44 Europe 18 New Zealand 77 Turkey 15 Greece 7 Iran 3 Tot 467 K-NET KiK-net ITalian ACcelerometric Archive: ITACA Department of Civil Protection Center for Engineering Strong Ground Motion Data: CESMD PEER Strong Motion Database U.S. Geological Survey National Strong Motion Project: NSMP European Strong-Motion Data Base: ESMD Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences: GNS Turkish National Strong Motion Project: T-NSMP Institute of Engineering Seismology and Earthquake Engineering Iran Strong Motion Network ISMN d_motion_database Records from the 1995 Hyogo-ken Nanbu earthquake come from the ESG98 data distribution CD-ROM for the Kobe Simultaneous Simulation 4
5 Figure 1 Development of the strong ground motion database in Microsoft Access: structure of the archive of accelerograms. 4 Data format SIMBAD includes only processed records (raw data are not provided), using a homogeneous format, with sampling time interval t = s and units = cm/s 2. Filename Similarly to the data format adopted for the ITACA database, the record filename is uniquely determined by the earthquake date and time, the station code and the measured component, according to the following format: yyyymmdd_hhmm_stationcode_component As an example, _0700_MRN_EW is the filename associated to the record obtained at Mirandola (MRN), EW component, during the earthquake occurred on May 29, 2012 at 0700 (UTC). File extension The adopted file extensions are listed below: *.acc: acceleration time history; *.vel: velocity time history; 5
6 *.dis: displacement time history; *.sa: pseudo-acceleration response spectrum; *.sd: displacement response spectrum. Header lines Each ASCII record file includes 43 header lines summarizing the most significant metadata (when available) related to the waveform (see Table 2). Table 2 Header lines of the ASCII waveform files in the database. No. Description 1 Event_Name 23 Length_km 2 Event_Date_yyyymmdd 24 Width_km 3 Event_Time_hhmm 25 Depth_top_km 4 Event_Latitude_deg 26 Reference_fault 5 Event_Longitude_deg 27 Sampling_Time_s 6 Event_Depth_km 28 N_Data 7 Magnitude_W 29 Duration_s 8 Focal_Mechanism 30 Component 9 Station_Code 31 Units 10 Station_Name 32 Instrument 11 Station_Latitude_deg 33 Instrument_Analog_Digital 12 Station_Longitude_deg 34 Data_Source PGA_cm_s_s 13 Station_Elevation_m 35 (or PGV_cm_s or PGD_cm) Time_PGA_s 14 Site_Classification_EC8 36 (or Time_PGV_s or Time_PGD_s) 15 VS30_m_s 37 Filter_Type 16 Epicentral_Distance_km 38 Low_Cut_Frequency_Hz 17 Hypocentral_Distance_km 39 High_Cut_Frequency_Hz 18 Fault_Distance_km 40 Late_Normal_Triggered 19 JB_Distance_km 41 Waveform_ID 20 Strike_deg 42 Event_ID 21 Dip_deg 43 Data_Version 22 Rake_deg 6
7 5 Main features of the strong ground motion database Figure 2 shows the distribution of magnitude and distance for the acceleration records compiled in the database. As mentioned previously, at present the database consists of 467 three-component acceleration time histories, from 130 earthquakes worldwide (see Annex A). Most of records (about 90%) included in the database are from digital instruments, while a limited number of analog records was retained, typically from large magnitude earthquakes, for which a good signal to noise ratio at long periods could be achieved. Most records come from Japan (47%), Italy (18%), New Zealand (17%), and USA (9%), with minor contributions from Greece, Turkey, Iran and other European countries (9%), as shown in Figure 3. Figure 2 Distribution of magnitude and epicentral distance (R epi ) for the SIMBAD records. 7
8 Figure 3 Geographic origin of the SIMBAD records. Based on the European (CEN, 2004) and Italian (CS.LL.PP, 2008) seismic norms, we adopted the site classification into 5 ground categories: A (rock, V S m/s), B (360 V S30 < 800 m/s), C (180 V S30 < 360 m/s), D (V S30 < 180 m/s) and E (site C or D with thickness smaller than 20 m over rigid rock) *. Most records are representative of soil B (44%) and C (43%), while only a few of them are registered on rock (8%), or soft soils D (4%) and E (1%), as depicted in Figure 4. * Following the ITACA notation, a star after the letter denotes that the value of V S30 is not available and, thus, soil classification is mainly based on geological criteria. 8
9 6 3 rd release of SIMBAD Figure 4 Distribution of magnitude, distance and ground categories of records. The 3 rd version of the SIMBAD database will be released with the January 31, 2013 new release of REXEL-DISP (v 1.2) software for selection of displacement-spectrum compatible real strong ground motion records, freely available at A CD-ROM of the final version of SIMBAD will be released at the end of the RELUIS project. References CEN (2004) pren Eurocode 8: Design of structures for earthquake resistance - Part 1: General rules, seismic actions and rules for buildings. CS.LL.PP; DM 14 Gennaio 2008: Norme tecniche per le costruzioni. Gazzetta Ufficiale della Repubblica Italiana, 29 Paolucci R, Pacor F, Puglia R, Ameri G, Cauzzi C, Massa M, Record Processing in ITACA, the New Italian Strong-Motion Database. In Akkar S, Gülkan P, van Eck T (Eds.) Earthquake Data in Engineering Seismology. Geotechnical, Geological, and Earthquake Engineering 14,
10 ANNEX A Event_Name Event_Date Area Lat Lon D_km M_W Station Slat Slon Soil VS30_m_s Repi_km A/D Data_source Near Miyakejima Island 2000_June_29 Japan TKY B D KNET Near Miyakejima Island 2000_June_29 Japan TKY C D KNET Near Niijima Island 2000_July_01 Japan TKY C D KNET Near Niijima Island 2000_July_01 Japan TKY B D KNET Near Miyakejima Island 2000_July_02 Japan TKY B D KNET Near Miyakejima Island 2000_July_02 Japan TKY C D KNET Near Miyakejima Island 2000_July_08 Japan TKY C D KNET Near Miyakejima Island 2000_July_08 Japan TKY B D KNET Near Niijima Island 2000_July_23 Japan TKY C D KNET Near Niijima Island 2000_July_23 Japan TKY B D KNET Near Miyakejima Island 2000_July_27 Japan TKY C D KNET Near Miyakejima Island 2000_July_27 Japan TKY B D KNET Near Miyakejima Island 2000_July_30 Japan TKY B D KNET Near Miyakejima Island 2000_July_30 Japan TKY B D KNET Near Miyakejima Island 2000_July_30 Japan TKY B D KNET Near Niijima Island 2000_August_03 Japan TKY C D KNET Near Niijima Island 2000_August_18 Japan TKY C D KNET Near Niijima Island 2000_August_18 Japan TKY B D KNET W Tottori Prefecture 2000_October_06 Japan OKYH A D KIKNET W Tottori Prefecture 2000_October_06 Japan TTR B D KNET W Tottori Prefecture 2000_October_06 Japan TTR B D KNET W Tottori Prefecture 2000_October_06 Japan SMN B D KNET W Tottori Prefecture 2000_October_06 Japan SMN C D KNET Shimane Hiroshima Border 2000_October_08 Japan OKYH A D KIKNET 10
11 Shimane Hiroshima Border 2000_October_08 Japan SMN C D KNET Shimane Hiroshima Border 2000_October_08 Japan TTR B D KNET Shimane Hiroshima Border 2000_October_08 Japan HRS C D KNET Shimane Hiroshima Border 2000_October_08 Japan HRS C D KNET Shimane Hiroshima Border 2000_October_08 Japan SMN C D KNET Shimane Hiroshima Border 2000_October_08 Japan HRS B D KNET N Miyagi Prefecture 2003_July_25 Japan MYG C D KNET N Miyagi Prefecture 2003_July_25 Japan MYG D D KNET N Miyagi Prefecture 2003_July_25 Japan MYG C D KNET N Miyagi Prefecture 2003_July_25 Japan MYG C D KNET N Miyagi Prefecture 2003_July_25 Japan MYG D D KNET N Miyagi Prefecture 2003_July_25 Japan MYG C D KNET N Miyagi Prefecture 2003_July_25 Japan MYG B D KNET N Miyagi Prefecture 2003_July_25 Japan MYG C D KNET Mid Niigata Prefecture 2004_October_23 Japan NIG C D KNET Mid Niigata Prefecture 2004_October_23 Japan NIG C D KNET Mid Niigata Prefecture 2004_October_23 Japan NIG C D KNET Mid Niigata Prefecture 2004_October_23 Japan NIG B D KNET Mid Niigata Prefecture 2004_October_23 Japan NIG C D KNET Mid Niigata Prefecture 2004_October_23 Japan NIG C D KNET Mid Niigata Prefecture 2004_October_23 Japan NIG C D KNET Mid Niigata Prefecture 2004_October_23 Japan NIG C D KNET Rumoi 2004_December_14 Japan HKD B D KNET Rumoi 2004_December_14 Japan HKD C D KNET Rumoi 2004_December_14 Japan HKD C D KNET NW Off Kyushu 2005_March_20 Japan FKO C D KNET NW Off Kyushu 2005_March_20 Japan FKO C D KNET NE Fukuoka Prefecture 2005_April_19 Japan FKO C D KNET 11
12 NE Fukuoka Prefecture 2005_April_19 Japan FKO C D KNET NE Fukuoka Prefecture 2005_April_19 Japan FKO B D KNET NE Fukuoka Prefecture 2005_April_19 Japan FKO C D KNET Honshu 1996_August_10 Japan MYG B D KNET Honshu 1996_August_10 Japan AKT D D KNET Honshu 1996_August_10 Japan AKT D D KNET Honshu 1996_August_10 Japan AKT B D KNET Kyushu 1996_September_09 Japan KGS C D KNET Kyushu 1996_September_09 Japan KGS B D KNET Kyushu 1996_September_09 Japan KGS A D KNET Central Izu Peninsula 1997_March_04 Japan SZO C D KNET Central Izu Peninsula 1997_March_04 Japan SZO C D KNET Central Izu Peninsula 1997_March_04 Japan SZO B D KNET Central Izu Peninsula 1997_March_04 Japan SZO B D KNET Central Izu Peninsula 1997_March_04 Japan TKY B D KNET NW Kagoshima Prefecture 1997_March_26 Japan KGS B D KNET NW Kagoshima Prefecture 1997_March_26 Japan KGS B D KNET NW Kagoshima Prefecture 1997_March_26 Japan KGS C D KNET NW Kagoshima Prefecture 1997_March_26 Japan KGS C D KNET NW Kagoshima Prefecture 1997_March_26 Japan KGS C D KNET NW Kagoshima Prefecture 1997_March_26 Japan KMM C D KNET NW Kagoshima Prefecture 1997_March_26 Japan KGS B D KNET NW Kagoshima Prefecture 1997_April_02 Japan KGS C D KNET NW Kagoshima Prefecture 1997_April_02 Japan KGS C D KNET NW Kagoshima Prefecture 1997_April_02 Japan KMM C D KNET NW Kagoshima Prefecture 1997_April_02 Japan KGS B D KNET NW Kagoshima Prefecture 1997_April_02 Japan KGS C D KNET NW Kagoshima Prefecture 1997_May_13 Japan KGS C D KNET 12
13 NW Kagoshima Prefecture 1997_May_13 Japan KGS C D KNET NW Kagoshima Prefecture 1997_May_13 Japan KGS B D KNET NW Kagoshima Prefecture 1997_May_13 Japan KGS B D KNET NW Kagoshima Prefecture 1997_May_13 Japan KGS C D KNET NW Kagoshima Prefecture 1997_May_13 Japan KGS B D KNET NW Kagoshima Prefecture 1997_May_13 Japan KGS C D KNET Yamaguchi Prefecture 1997_June_25 Japan SMN C D KNET Yamaguchi Prefecture 1997_June_25 Japan YMG C D KNET Yamaguchi Prefecture 1997_June_25 Japan YMG C D KNET Yamaguchi Prefecture 1997_June_25 Japan YMG C D KNET Yamaguchi Prefecture 1997_June_25 Japan SMN B D KNET Yamaguchi Prefecture 1997_June_25 Japan YMG B D KNET Yamaguchi Prefecture 1997_June_25 Japan SMN B D KNET E Off Izu Peninsula 1998_May_03 Japan SZO C D KNET E Off Izu Peninsula 1998_May_03 Japan SZO B D KNET E Off Izu Peninsula 1998_May_03 Japan SZO B D KNET E Off Izu Peninsula 1998_May_03 Japan TKY B D KNET N Iwate Prefecture 1998_September_03 Japan IWT C D KNET N Iwate Prefecture 1998_September_03 Japan AKT B D KNET N Iwate Prefecture 1998_September_03 Japan AKT B D KNET N Iwate Prefecture 1998_September_03 Japan IWT C D KNET Bam 2003_December_26 Iran B D ISMN Zarand 2005_February_22 Iran C 27.7 D ISMN Yountville 2000_September_03 USA C D PEER Anza 2005_June_12 USA D 5.11 D NSMP Anza 2005_June_12 USA B 9.31 D NSMP Anza 2005_June_12 USA B D NSMP Anza 2005_June_12 USA B D NSMP 13
14 Anza 2005_June_12 USA A D NSMP Anza 2005_June_12 USA A D NSMP Izmit_aftershock 1999_August_31 Turkey YPT C D ESMD South Iceland 2000_June_17 Iceland B D ESMD South Iceland 2000_June_17 Iceland A 5.25 D ESMD South Iceland 2000_June_17 Iceland A D ESMD South Iceland 2000_June_17 Iceland B D ESMD South Iceland 2000_June_21 Iceland A D ESMD South Iceland 2000_June_21 Iceland B D ESMD South Iceland 2000_June_21 Iceland B D ESMD South Iceland 2000_June_21 Iceland A D ESMD South Iceland 2000_June_21 Iceland A D ESMD South Iceland 2000_June_21 Iceland B 11.1 D ESMD South Iceland 2000_June_21 Iceland A D ESMD South Iceland 2000_June_21 Iceland A D ESMD South Iceland 2000_June_21 Iceland A D ESMD App. Umbro Marchigiano 1998_April_03 Italy GBP C D ITACA N Miyagi Prefecture 2003_July_26 Japan MYG C D KNET N Miyagi Prefecture 2003_July_26 Japan MYG D D KNET N Miyagi Prefecture 2003_July_26 Japan MYG D D KNET N Miyagi Prefecture 2003_July_26 Japan MYG C D KNET N Miyagi Prefecture 2003_July_26 Japan MYG B D KNET N Miyagi Prefecture 2003_July_26 Japan MYG B D KNET N Miyagi Prefecture 2003_July_26 Japan MYG B D KNET Hida Mountains 1998_August_15 Japan GIF B D KNET Hida Mountains 1998_August_15 Japan NGN B D KNET Hida Mountains 1998_August_15 Japan GIF B D KNET Off Noto Peninsula 2007_March_25 Japan ISK B D KNET 14
15 Off Noto Peninsula 2007_March_25 Japan ISK D D KNET Off Noto Peninsula 2007_March_25 Japan ISK B D KNET Southern Iwate Prefecture 2008_June_13 Japan IWT B D KNET Southern Iwate Prefecture 2008_June_13 Japan AKT B D KNET Southern Iwate Prefecture 2008_June_13 Japan IWT C D KNET S Suruga Bay 2009_August_10 Japan SZO C D KNET S Suruga Bay 2009_August_10 Japan SZO D D KNET S Suruga Bay 2009_August_10 Japan SZO B D KNET S Suruga Bay 2009_August_10 Japan SZO C D KNET S Suruga Bay 2009_August_10 Japan SZO B D KNET Mid Niigata Prefecture 2004_November_09 Japan NIG C D KNET Noto Peninsula 2007_March_25 Japan ISK D D KNET N Mie Prefecture 2007_April_15 Japan MIE C D KNET N Mie Prefecture 2007_April_15 Japan MIE C D KNET N Mie Prefecture 2007_April_15 Japan MIE C D KNET N Mie Prefecture 2007_April_15 Japan MIE C D KNET Southern Iwate Prefecture 2008_June_14 Japan MYG B D KNET Off S Niigata Prefecture 2007_July_16 Japan NIG C D KNET Off S Niigata Prefecture 2007_July_16 Japan NIG C D KNET Mid Niigata Prefecture 2004_October_27 Japan FKS C D KNET Mid Niigata Prefecture 2004_October_27 Japan NIG C D KNET Mid Niigata Prefecture 2004_October_27 Japan NIG C D KNET App. Umbro Marchigiano 1997_October_06 Italy NCR E D ITACA App. Umbro Marchigiano 1997_October_12 Italy NCR E D ITACA Umbria Marche 3rd shock 1997_October_14 Italy NCR E D ITACA App.Umbro Marchigiano 1997_October_03 Italy NCR E D ITACA App.Umbro Marchigiano 1998_March_21 Italy SELE B D ITACA App.Umbro Marchigiano 1998_March_21 Italy SELW B D ITACA 15
16 LʹAquila mainshock 2009_April_06 Italy AQA B D ITACA LʹAquila mainshock 2009_April_06 Italy AQG B D ITACA LʹAquila mainshock 2009_April_06 Italy AQK B D ITACA LʹAquila mainshock 2009_April_06 Italy AQV B D ITACA LʹAquila mainshock 2009_April_06 Italy GSA B D ITACA LʹAquila aftershock 2009_April_06 Italy AQG B D ITACA LʹAquila aftershock 2009_April_06 Italy AQK B D ITACA Gran Sasso 2009_April_06 Italy AQK B D ITACA Gran Sasso 2009_April_06 Italy AQV B D ITACA LʹAquila aftershock 2009_April_07 Italy AQG B D ITACA LʹAquila aftershock 2009_April_07 Italy AQK B D ITACA LʹAquila aftershock 2009_April_07 Italy AQP A D ITACA LʹAquila aftershock 2009_April_07 Italy AQV B D ITACA LʹAquila aftershock 2009_April_07 Italy AQG B D ITACA LʹAquila aftershock 2009_April_07 Italy AQK B D ITACA LʹAquila aftershock 2009_April_07 Italy AQP A D ITACA LʹAquila aftershock 2009_April_07 Italy AQV B D ITACA LʹAquila aftershock 2009_April_07 Italy AVZ C D ITACA LʹAquila aftershock 2009_April_07 Italy BZZ B D ITACA LʹAquila aftershock 2009_April_07 Italy GSA B D ITACA LʹAquila aftershock 2009_April_07 Italy MI B D ITACA LʹAquila aftershock 2009_April_09 Italy AQA B D ITACA LʹAquila aftershock 2009_April_09 Italy AQG B D ITACA LʹAquila aftershock 2009_April_09 Italy AQK B D ITACA LʹAquila aftershock 2009_April_09 Italy AQP A D ITACA LʹAquila aftershock 2009_April_09 Italy AQV B D ITACA LʹAquila aftershock 2009_April_09 Italy BZZ B D ITACA LʹAquila aftershock 2009_April_09 Italy GSA B D ITACA 16
17 LʹAquila aftershock 2009_April_09 Italy MI B D ITACA LʹAquila aftershock 2009_April_09 Italy AQA B D ITACA LʹAquila aftershock 2009_April_09 Italy AQG B D ITACA LʹAquila aftershock 2009_April_09 Italy AQK B D ITACA LʹAquila aftershock 2009_April_09 Italy AQP A D ITACA LʹAquila aftershock 2009_April_09 Italy AQV B D ITACA LʹAquila aftershock 2009_April_09 Italy BZZ B D ITACA LʹAquila aftershock 2009_April_09 Italy GSA B D ITACA LʹAquila aftershock 2009_April_13 Italy AQG B D ITACA LʹAquila aftershock 2009_April_13 Italy AQK B D ITACA LʹAquila aftershock 2009_April_13 Italy AQV B D ITACA LʹAquila aftershock 2009_April_13 Italy BZZ B D ITACA LʹAquila aftershock 2009_April_13 Italy GSA B D ITACA Duzce 1999_November_12 Turkey AI_154_BV B D Turkish SMDB Duzce 1999_November_12 Turkey AI_155_FP B D Turkish SMDB Duzce 1999_November_12 Turkey AI_156_VO B D Turkish SMDB Bingol 2003_May_01 Turkey AI_049_BNG B D Turkish SMDB Izmit_aftershock 1999_September_13 Turkey AI_005_SKR B D Turkish SMDB Izmit_aftershock 1999_November_11 Turkey AI_005_SKR B D Turkish SMDB Duzce _June_06 Turkey AI_013_CER C D Turkish SMDB Parkfield 2004_September_28 USA C D CESMD Parkfield 2004_September_28 USA B D CESMD Parkfield 2004_September_28 USA B D CESMD Parkfield 2004_September_28 USA A D CESMD Olfus 2008_May_29 Iceland A 8.89 D ESMD Olfus 2008_May_29 Iceland A 8.25 D ESMD Olfus 2008_May_29 Iceland A 7.97 D ESMD E Off Izu Peninsula 2006_April_20 Japan SZO B D KNET 17
18 E Off Izu Peninsula 2006_April_20 Japan SZO C D KNET E Off Izu Peninsula 2006_April_20 Japan SZO C D KNET E Off Izu Peninsula 2006_April_20 Japan SZO B D KNET E Off Izu Peninsula 2006_April_20 Japan TKY B D KNET KUJUKURI COAST BOSO PEN 2007_August_18 Japan CHB B D KNET KUJUKURI COAST BOSO PEN 2007_August_18 Japan CHB C D KNET MID NIIGATA PREF 2007_July_16 Japan NIG C D KNET MID NIIGATA PREF 2007_July_16 Japan NIG C D KNET MID NIIGATA PREF 2007_July_16 Japan NIG C D KNET MID NIIGATA PREF 2007_July_16 Japan NIG C D KNET Southern Iwate Prefecture 2008_June_14 Japan AKT D D KNET Southern Iwate Prefecture 2008_June_14 Japan AKT B D KNET SOUTHERN IWATE PREF 2008_June_16 Japan AKT B D KNET SOUTHERN IWATE PREF 2008_June_16 Japan IWT B D KNET SOUTHERN IWATE PREF 2008_June_16 Japan MYG B D KNET S Suruga Bay 2009_August_10 Japan SZO B D KNET WESTERN FUKUSHIMA PREF 2010_September_29 Japan FKS C D KNET WESTERN FUKUSHIMA PREF 2010_September_29 Japan FKS D D KNET WESTERN FUKUSHIMA PREF 2010_September_29 Japan FKS C D KNET WESTERN FUKUSHIMA PREF 2010_September_29 Japan FKS C D KNET WESTERN FUKUSHIMA PREF 2010_September_29 Japan FKS B D KNET EASTERN FUKUSHIMA PREF 2011_April_11 Japan FKS B D KNET EASTERN FUKUSHIMA PREF 2011_April_11 Japan FKS B D KNET EASTERN FUKUSHIMA PREF 2011_April_11 Japan FKS B D KNET EASTERN FUKUSHIMA PREF 2011_April_11 Japan FKS B D KNET EASTERN FUKUSHIMA PREF 2011_April_11 Japan FKS B D KNET EASTERN FUKUSHIMA PREF 2011_April_11 Japan FKS B D KNET NORTHERN NAGANO PREF 2011_April_11 Japan NGN C D KNET 18
19 NORTHERN NAGANO PREF 2011_April_11 Japan NGN B D KNET NORTHERN NAGANO PREF 2011_April_11 Japan NGN B D KNET EASTERN FUKUSHIMA PREF 2011_April_12 Japan FKS C D KNET EASTERN FUKUSHIMA PREF 2011_April_12 Japan FKS B D KNET EASTERN FUKUSHIMA PREF 2011_April_12 Japan FKS B D KNET EASTERN FUKUSHIMA PREF 2011_April_12 Japan FKS B D KNET EASTERN FUKUSHIMA PREF 2011_April_13 Japan FKS B D KNET EASTERN FUKUSHIMA PREF 2011_April_13 Japan FKS B D KNET EASTERN FUKUSHIMA PREF 2011_April_14 Japan FKS B D KNET E OFF FUKUSHIMA PREF 2011_April_22 Japan FKS B D KNET E OFF FUKUSHIMA PREF 2011_April_22 Japan FKS B D KNET SOUTHERN SURUGA BAY REG 2011_August_01 Japan SZO B D KNET SOUTHERN SURUGA BAY REG 2011_August_01 Japan SZO C D KNET SOUTHERN SURUGA BAY REG 2011_August_01 Japan SZO B D KNET NORTHERN GIFU PREF 2011_February_26 Japan GIF B D KNET NORTHERN GIFU PREF 2011_February_26 Japan GIF B D KNET NORTHERN GIFU PREF 2011_February_26 Japan GIF B D KNET NW WAKAYAMA PREF 2011_July_05 Japan WKY B D KNET NW WAKAYAMA PREF 2011_July_05 Japan WKY C D KNET CENTRAL NAGANO PREF 2011_June_29 Japan NGN B D KNET CENTRAL NAGANO PREF 2011_June_29 Japan NGN B D KNET CENTRAL NAGANO PREF 2011_June_29 Japan NGN B D KNET MID NIIGATA PREF 2011_March_11 Japan NGN C D KNET MID NIIGATA PREF 2011_March_11 Japan NIG B D KNET MID NIIGATA PREF 2011_March_11 Japan NIG C D KNET MID NIIGATA PREF 2011_March_11 Japan NIG B D KNET MID NIIGATA PREF 2011_March_11 Japan NGN C D KNET MID NIIGATA PREF 2011_March_11 Japan NGN B D KNET 19
20 MID NIIGATA PREF 2011_March_11 Japan NIG B D KNET MID NIIGATA PREF 2011_March_11 Japan NIG C D KNET MID NIIGATA PREF 2011_March_11 Japan NIG B D KNET MID NIIGATA PREF 2011_March_11 Japan NGN C D KNET MID NIIGATA PREF 2011_March_11 Japan NIG C D KNET MT FUJI REGION 2011_March_15 Japan SZO B D KNET MT FUJI REGION 2011_March_15 Japan SZO B D KNET MT FUJI REGION 2011_March_15 Japan SZO B D KNET MT FUJI REGION 2011_March_15 Japan SZO B D KNET MT FUJI REGION 2011_March_15 Japan YMN B D KNET NORTHERN IBARAKI PREF 2011_March_19 Japan FKS B D KNET NORTHERN IBARAKI PREF 2011_March_19 Japan IBR C D KNET NORTHERN IBARAKI PREF 2011_March_19 Japan IBR C D KNET EASTERN FUKUSHIMA PREF 2011_March_22 Japan FKS C D KNET EASTERN FUKUSHIMA PREF 2011_March_22 Japan FKS B D KNET EASTERN FUKUSHIMA PREF 2011_March_22 Japan FKS B D KNET EASTERN FUKUSHIMA PREF 2011_March_22 Japan FKS C D KNET EASTERN FUKUSHIMA PREF 2011_March_22 Japan FKS B D KNET EASTERN FUKUSHIMA PREF 2011_March_22 Japan FKS B D KNET HIDA MOUNTAINS REGION 2011_October_05 Japan NGN B D KNET HIDA MOUNTAINS REGION 2011_October_05 Japan NGN B D KNET HIDA MOUNTAINS REGION 2011_October_05 Japan TYM B D KNET NORTHERN IBARAKI PREF 2011_September_21 Japan FKS B D KNET NORTHERN IBARAKI PREF 2011_September_21 Japan IBR C D KNET NORTHERN IBARAKI PREF 2011_September_21 Japan IBR C D KNET E OFF FUKUSHIMA PREF 2011_September_29 Japan FKS B D KNET E OFF FUKUSHIMA PREF 2011_September_29 Japan FKS B D KNET Loma Prieta 1989_October_18 USA LGPC B D PEER 20
21 Olfus 2008_May_29 Iceland A 9.25 D ESMD Hyogo Ken Nanbu 1995_January_16 Japan JMA C D ESG99 Duzce 1999_November_12 Turkey AI_010_BOL C D Turkish SMDB Duzce 1999_November_12 Turkey AI_159_FI C D Turkish SMDB Duzce 1999_November_12 Turkey AI_158_LS B D Turkish SMDB Duzce 1999_November_12 Turkey AI_157_WF B D Turkish SMDB EMILIA_Pianura_Padana 2012_May_20 Italy MRN C D DPC EMILIA_Pianura_Padana 2012_May_29 Italy MRN C D DPC EMILIA_Pianura_Padana 2012_May_29 Italy SAN C 4.73 D DPC EMILIA_Pianura_Padana 2012_May_29 Italy RAV C D DPC EMILIA_Pianura_Padana 2012_May_29 Italy SMS C D DPC EMILIA_Pianura_Padana 2012_May_29 Italy FIN C D DPC EMILIA_Pianura_Padana 2012_May_29 Italy MOG C D DPC EMILIA_Pianura_Padana 2012_May_29 Italy CRP C D DPC EMILIA_Pianura_Padana 2012_May_29 Italy CNT C D DPC EMILIA_Pianura_Padana 2012_May_29 Italy SAG C D DPC EMILIA_Pianura_Padana 2012_May_29 Italy BON C D DPC EMILIA_Pianura_Padana 2012_May_29 Italy CAS C D DPC EMILIA_Pianura_Padana 2012_May_29 Italy MDN C D DPC EMILIA_Pianura_Padana 2012_May_29 Italy NVL C D DPC EMILIA_Pianura_Padana 2012_May_29 Italy MODE C D RAIS INGV EMILIA_Pianura_Padana 2012_May_29 Italy MODE C D RAIS INGV EMILIA_Pianura_Padana 2012_June_03 Italy MODE C 29.9 D RAIS INGV Darfield 2010_September_03 NewZealand CACS C* D GNS Darfield 2010_September_03 NewZealand DFHS C* 9.06 D GNS Darfield 2010_September_03 NewZealand DSLC C* D GNS Darfield 2010_September_03 NewZealand HORC C* D GNS Darfield 2010_September_03 NewZealand RKAC C* D GNS 21
22 Darfield 2010_September_03 NewZealand ROLC C* D GNS Darfield 2010_September_03 NewZealand SBRC C* 29.5 D GNS Darfield 2010_September_03 NewZealand TPLC C* D GNS Christchurch 2011_February_21 NewZealand CACS C* D GNS Christchurch 2011_February_21 NewZealand HVSC B* 2.25 D GNS Christchurch 2011_February_21 NewZealand KPOC D* D GNS Christchurch 2011_February_21 NewZealand LPCC A* 1.48 D GNS Christchurch 2011_February_21 NewZealand PPHS C* D GNS Christchurch 2011_February_21 NewZealand RHSC C* D GNS Christchurch 2011_February_21 NewZealand ROLC C* D GNS Christchurch 2011_February_21 NewZealand SMTC C* D GNS Christchurch 2011_February_21 NewZealand SWNC C* D GNS Christchurch 2011_February_21 NewZealand TPLC C* D GNS Christchurch 2011_February_22 NewZealand CACS C* D GNS Christchurch 2011_February_22 NewZealand HVSC B* 4.1 D GNS Christchurch 2011_February_22 NewZealand KPOC D* 23.6 D GNS Christchurch 2011_February_22 NewZealand LPCC A* 5.51 D GNS Christchurch 2011_February_22 NewZealand RHSC C* 9.86 D GNS Christchurch 2011_February_22 NewZealand ROLC C* 22.6 D GNS Christchurch 2011_February_22 NewZealand SMTC C* D GNS Christchurch 2011_February_22 NewZealand SWNC C* D GNS Christchurch 2011_February_22 NewZealand TPLC C* D GNS Christchurch 2011_February_22 NewZealand HVSC B* 7.38 D GNS Christchurch 2011_February_22 NewZealand KPOC D* D GNS Christchurch 2011_February_22 NewZealand LPCC A* 8.42 D GNS Christchurch 2011_February_22 NewZealand RHSC C* 8.22 D GNS Christchurch 2011_February_22 NewZealand ROLC C* D GNS Christchurch 2011_February_22 NewZealand SMTC C* D GNS 22
23 Christchurch 2011_February_22 NewZealand SWNC C* D GNS Christchurch 2011_February_22 NewZealand TPLC C* D GNS Christchurch 2011_June_05 NewZealand CACS C* D GNS Christchurch 2011_June_05 NewZealand CSTC C* D GNS Christchurch 2011_June_05 NewZealand DFHS C* D GNS Christchurch 2011_June_05 NewZealand HVSC B* D GNS Christchurch 2011_June_05 NewZealand LPCC A* D GNS Christchurch 2011_June_05 NewZealand MQZ A* 25.3 D GNS Christchurch 2011_June_05 NewZealand RHSC C* 14.9 D GNS Christchurch 2011_June_05 NewZealand ROLC C* 1.55 D GNS Christchurch 2011_June_05 NewZealand SBRC C* D GNS Christchurch 2011_June_05 NewZealand SMTC C* D GNS Christchurch 2011_June_05 NewZealand SWNC C* D GNS Christchurch 2011_June_05 NewZealand TPLC C* 7.36 D GNS Christchurch 2011_June_13 NewZealand CACS C* D GNS Christchurch 2011_June_13 NewZealand HVSC B* 4.89 D GNS Christchurch 2011_June_13 NewZealand KPOC D* 23 D GNS Christchurch 2011_June_13 NewZealand LPCC A* 5.45 D GNS Christchurch 2011_June_13 NewZealand PPHS C* D GNS Christchurch 2011_June_13 NewZealand RHSC C* D GNS Christchurch 2011_June_13 NewZealand SMTC C* D GNS Christchurch 2011_June_13 NewZealand TPLC C* D GNS Christchurch 2011_June_13 NewZealand CACS C* D GNS Christchurch 2011_June_13 NewZealand HVSC B* 3.24 D GNS Christchurch 2011_June_13 NewZealand KPOC D* D GNS Christchurch 2011_June_13 NewZealand LPCC A* 5.1 D GNS Christchurch 2011_June_13 NewZealand MQZ A* D GNS Christchurch 2011_June_13 NewZealand PPHS C* D GNS 23
24 Christchurch 2011_June_13 NewZealand RHSC C* D GNS Christchurch 2011_June_13 NewZealand ROLC C* D GNS Christchurch 2011_June_13 NewZealand SMTC C* D GNS Christchurch 2011_June_13 NewZealand SWNC C* D GNS Christchurch 2011_June_13 NewZealand TPLC C* D GNS Christchurch 2011_June_21 NewZealand CACS C* D GNS Christchurch 2011_June_21 NewZealand HVSC B* D GNS Christchurch 2011_June_21 NewZealand KPOC D* D GNS Christchurch 2011_June_21 NewZealand LPCC A* D GNS Christchurch 2011_June_21 NewZealand MQZ A* D GNS Christchurch 2011_June_21 NewZealand PPHS C* D GNS Christchurch 2011_June_21 NewZealand RHSC C* 7.63 D GNS Christchurch 2011_June_21 NewZealand ROLC C* D GNS Christchurch 2011_June_21 NewZealand SMTC C* D GNS Christchurch 2011_June_21 NewZealand SWNC C* D GNS Christchurch 2011_June_21 NewZealand TPLC C* 6.76 D GNS Kozani_aftershock 1995_May_15 Greece CHR B D ITSAK Kozani_aftershock 1995_May_15 Greece KOZ B* D ITSAK Kozani_aftershock 1995_May_19 Greece KRR B* D ITSAK Athens_mainshock 1999_September_07 Greece ATHA C* D ITSAK Athens_mainshock 1999_September_07 Greece DMKA A* D ITSAK Athens_mainshock 1999_September_07 Greece SPLB B* D ITSAK Hyogo Ken Nanbu 1995_January_16 Japan TKS C D ESG103 Hector Mine 1999_October_16 USA HEC B ? PEER Irpinia 1980_November_23 Italy ALT A A ITACA Irpinia 1980_November_23 Italy BGI B A ITACA Irpinia 1980_November_23 Italy BSC A A ITACA App. Umbro Marchigiano 1997_October_06 Italy BVG D A ITACA 24
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