HPAI H5N8 outbreak in layers in the Netherlands. 20 November 2014, Ruth Bouwstra
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1 HPAI H5N8 outbreak in layers in the Netherlands 20 November 2014, Ruth Bouwstra
2 Avian Influenza Surveillance in the Netherlands Passive surveillance (notification of suspect situation) Acute infections mainly of HPAI LPAI infections that cause mild disease Post-mortem examination of dead birds submitted for diagnosis to (private) laboratories Exclusion diagnostics: rule-out AI as possible cause Serologic Surveillance programme (safety net) Detection of LPAI introductions that remain subclinical
3 Early detection Increased mortality: more than 0.5% mortality for two consecutive days in broiler or egg-producing flocks -> notification of veterinary services Reduction of egg production or reduction in water and/or feed intake: > 5% consultation of practitioner Exclusion diagnostics: AI in differential diagnosis, but not first on list -> direct submission to CVI without notification to veterinary services
4 Early detection Veterinary Practices and Animal Health Service urged to submit cloacal and throat samples to Ref Lab from birds presented for post-mortem examination in specific circumstances: broilers with severe respiratory problems turkeys with severe respiratory problems or diarrhoea or inflamed intestines layers with severe respiratory problems or mild to severe peritonitis in combination with a dip in egg production all poultry types with no pathological findings during post-mortem, but an anamnesis of slightly increased mortality and/or a dip in production and/or a decrease in feed and/or water intake.
5 Hekendorp Notification 14 November layer hens submitted to GD for pathology no diagnosis + increased mortality-> notification NVWA Sample submission to CVI 5 cloacal swabs + 5 oropharyngeal swabs 2 pools in M-PCR
6 PCR protocol LIMS Opdracht A Schematisch overzicht AI onderzoek (detectie) AI M-PCR (1) Negatief Uitslag naar inzender/ VWA AI virus detection +HER of D AI M-PCR (2) Negatief Uitslag naar inzender/ VWA +M Wederom D (ubieus) + of D M PCR - Report VWA -* Aanvraag nieuwe monsters (in overleg met PL) Uitslag naar inzender/ VWA H5/H7 PCR +/+ D/D - Report VWA H5H7 typerings PCR Type H5 of H7 Aangetoond Geen type H5 of H7 aangetoond CS sequencen (HP/LP) HA/NA open scoop typering HPAI of LPAI + H1 t/m H16 Uitslag naar inzender/ VWA Uitslag naar inzender/ VWA VI in eieren HA + Virus typering HI + H1 t/m H16 Uitslag naar VWA VI in eggs HA - Negatief Uitslag naar VWA = Test in LIMS = Uitslag in LIMS = Actie = Wel test maar niet in LIMS. = Wel uitslag maar niet in LIMS
7 PCR results M-PCR ( :59) Both pools very strong positive (ct 20) Reported to NVWA H5 recommended PCR ( :00) Both pools very strong positive (ct 20) Reported to NVWA
8 Action 15 November NVWA visits the farm for clinical investigation and sample taking (20 trachea/20 cloaca swabs/20 sera per poultry house (6)) Samples (120 T/120 C/100 Sera) are sent to CVI Results Severe clinical signs Mortality up to 30% in affected poultry house
9 At the same time..open scoop approach
10 At the same time.. Sequencing CS for HP/LP diagnostics HA/NA for subtyping 02:00 H5 confirmed in samples from nvwa Results (Sunday i)02:00 ii)12:00): RNSPLRERRRKR*GLFGAIA H5N8
11 PCR Results per poultry house The stable door 1 out of 8 pools weak positive in H5 7 out 8 pools M- PCR and H5 positive No positive samples No positive samples No positive samples No positive samples
12 Immediate ACTION Based on confirmed positive M-PCR AND positive H5 PCR Start of CULLING on Sunday 16 November
13 At the same time... Full genome sequencing all 8 RNA genome segments of the outbreak virus were amplified by using segmentspecific primers and directly sequenced
14 Serology results Monday 17 November out of 6 poultry houses tested (1 house with 1-day old chickens) The stable door All ELISA negative 5 out 20 sera ELISA very weak + Not confirmed by H5 HI All ELISA negative All ELISA negative All ELISA negative Not tested
15 Virus isolation Positive Tuesday 18-11
16 Full genome sequence results A/Ty/Germany-MV/R2472/14 H5N8 HA A/Ch/NL/ /14 H5N8 A/Ty/Ge-MV/R2472/14 AH5N8 A/broiler_duck/Kor/Buan2/14 H5N8 A/baikal_teal/Kor/Donglim3/14 H5N8 A/mallard/Korea/W452/14 H5N8 A/Ch/Kumamoto/1-7/14 H5N8 NA A/Ch/NL/ /14 H5N8 A/mallard/Korea/W452/14 H5N8 A/baikal_teal/Kor/Donglim3/14 H5N8 A/broiler_dk/Kor/Buan2/14 H5N8 A/Ch/Kumamoto/1-7/14 H5N8 A/Dk/Beijing/CT01/14 H5N8 A/duck/Beijing/FS01/13 H5N8 A/duck/Beijing/FS01/14 H5N8 A/dk/Jiangsu/k1203/10 AH5N8 A/mall/Shanghai/SH-9/13 AH5N8 A/Dk/Beijing/FS01/14 H5N8 A/Dk/Beijing/CT01/14 H5N8 A/mal_dk/Shanghai/SH-9/13 H5N8 A/Dk/Zhejiang/6D18/13 H5N8 A/dk/Zhejiang/W24/13 H5N8 A/breeder_dk/Kor/Gochang1/14 H5N8 A/dk/Zhejiang/6D18/13 H5N8 A/dk/Thailand/CU-12205C/12 H5N8 A/breeder_dk/Kor/Gochang1/14 H5N8 A/Dk/Zhejiang/W24/13 H5N8 A/Dk/Jiangsu/k1203/10 H5N8 A/wild_dk/Kor/PSC18-15/10 H5N8 A/wild_duck/Kor/PSC18-20/10 H5N8 A/Ty/Ire/1378/83 H5N8 A/Dk/Ire/113/1983 H5N A/Ty/Ire//83 H5N8 A/Dk/Thai/CU-12205C/12 H5N PB1 A/Dk/Beijing/FS01/14 H5N8 A/Dk/Beijing/CT01/14 H5N8 A/Dk/Beijing/FS01/13 H5N8 A/baikal_teal/Kor/Donglim3/14 H5N8 PB2 A/Ch/Kumamoto/1-7/14 H5N8 A/Dk/Beijing/FS01/14 H5N8 A/Dk/Beijing/FS01/13 H5N8 A/Ch/Kumamoto/1-7/14 H5N8 A/mall/Kor/W452/14 H5N8 A/broiler_dk/Kor/Buan2/14 H5N8 A/Ch/NL/ /14 H5N8 A/Dk/Jiangsu/k1203/10 H5N8 A/breeder_dk/Kor/Gochang1/14 H5N8 A/Dk/Zhejiang/6D18/13 H5N8 A/mal_dk/Shanghai/SH-9/13 H5N8 A/Dk/Zhejiang/W24/13 H5N8 A/migratory_dk/HK/MP5883/05 H5N8 A/Dk/Ire/113/83 H5N8 A/broiler_dk/Kor/Buan2/14 H5N8 A/baikal_teal/Kor/Donglim3/14 H5N8 A/mallard/Kor/W452/14 H5N8 A/Dk/Beijing/CT01/14 H5N8 A/Ch/NL/ /14 H5N8 A/Dk/Jiangsu/k1203/10 H5N8 A/Ty/Ire//83 H5N8 A/Ty/Ire1378/83 H5N8 A/Dk/Ireland/113/83 H5N8 A/mal_dk/Shanghai/SH-9/13 H5N8 A/Ty/Ired/1378/83 H5N8 A/Dk/Zhejiang/6D18/13 H5N8 A/Ty/Ire//83 H5N8 A/breeder_dk/Kor/Gochang1/14 H5N A/Dk/Zhejiang/W24/13 H5N Bouwstra et al., 2014 (submitted)
17 Full genome sequence results PA A/Dk/Beijing/FS01/13 H5N8 A/Dk/Beijing/FS01/14 H5N8 A/Dk/Beijing/CT01/14 H5N8 NS A/baikal_teal/Kor/Donglim3/14 H5N8 A/mallard/Korea/W452/14 H5N8 A/broiler_dk/Kor/Buan2/14 H5N8 A/baikal_teal/Kor/Donglim3/14 H5N8 A/Ch/Kumamoto/1-7/14 H5N8 A/Ch/NL/ /14 H5N8 A/broiler_dk/Kor/Buan2/14 H5N8 A/Ch/Kumamoto/1-7/14 H5N8 A/mal/Kor/W452/14 H5N8 A/Dk/Jiangsu/k1203/10 H5N8 A/Dk/Zhejiang/W24/13 H5N8 A/mal_dk/Shanghai/SH-9/13 H5N8 A/breeder_dk/Kor/Gochang1/14 H5N8 A/Dk/Zhejiang/6D18/13 H5N8 A/migratory_dk/HK/MP5883/05 H5N8 A/Ty/Ire/1378/83 H5N8 A/Ch/NL/ /14 H5N8 A/Dk/Beijing/CT01/14 H5N8 A/Dk/Beijing/FS01/13 H5N8 A/Dk/Beijing/FS01/14 H5N8 A/Ty/Ire/1378/83 H5N8 A/Ty/Ire//83 H5N8 A/Dk/Ire/113/83 H5N8 A/mal_dk/Shanghai/SH-9/13 H5N8 A/Dk/Zhejiang/W24/13 H5N8 A/breeder_dk/Kor/Gochang1/14 H5N8 A/Dk/Irel/113/83 H5N8 A/Dk/Zhejiang/6D18/13 H5N8 A/Ty/Ire//83 H5N8 A/migratory_dk/HK/MP5883/05 H5N8 A/dk/Jiangsu/k1203/10 H5N NP A/broiler_dk/Kor/Buan2/14 H5N8 A/mal/Kor/W452/14 H5N8 A/baikal_teal/Kor/Donglim3/14 H5N8 M 0.01 A/Ch/Kumamoto/1-7/14 H5N8 A/Ch/NL/ /14 H5N8 A/baikal_teal/Kor/Donglim3/14 H5N8 A/Ch/NL/ /14 H5N8 A/broiler_dk/Kor/Buan2/14 H5N8 A/Ch/Kumamoto/1-7/14 H5N8 A/mallard/Kor/W452/14 H5N8 A/dk/Beijing/FS01/13 H5N8 A/dk/Beijing/FS01/14 H5N8 A/dk/Beijing/CT01/14 H5N8 A/Dk/Jiangsu/k1203/10 H5N8 A/breeder_dk/Kor/Gochang1/14 H5N8 A/dk/Zhejiang/6D18/13 H5N8 A/mal_dk/Shanghai/SH-9/13 H5N8 A/Dk/Zhejiang/W24/13 H5N8 A/migratory_dk/HK/MP5883/05 H5N8 A/Ty/Ire/1378/83 H5N8 A/Ty/Ire//83 H5N8 A/Dk/Beijing/FS01/13 H5N8 A/Dk/Beijing/CT01/14 H5N8 A/Dk/Beijing/FS01/14 H5N8 A/Dk/Jiangsu/k1203/10 H5N8 A/mal/Shanghai/SH-9/13 H5N8 A/breeder_dk/Kor/Gochang1/14 H5N8 A/Dk/Zhejiang/W24/13 H5N8 A/Dk/Zhejiang/6D18/13 H5N8 A/Dk/Ire/113/1983 H5N8 A/Ty/Ire/1378/83 H5N8 A/Ty/Ire//83 H5N Bouwstra et al., 2014 (submitted)
18 Conclusion Based on available full genome sequence data in NCBI Influenza Virus and Epi Flu databases highest similarity was found with the Korean strain A/Baikal_teal/Donglim3/2014. Strong indications that the Dutch virus strain has come from Asia, maybe with intermediate landing stations on its way to Europe.
19 Conclusion HPAI introduction? No detection of AI subtype H5N8 strains in the past in the Netherlands neither in commercial poultry nor in wild birds No direct trade contacts in time and space with the Netherlands from Asia and Germany that may explain a route of introduction Apparent clinical signs ->unlikely that the virus was present in poultry in the Netherlands before the present outbreak was detected YES, very likely introduced as HP
20 Thanks for your attention! Questions?
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