Developing geospatial ontologies: SUO and SAPO ontologies
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1 Developing geospatial ontologies: SUO and SAPO ontologies XML Finland 2009 Tomi Kauppinen tomi.kauppinen [at] tkk.fi Researcher Helsinki University of Technology (TKK Media Technology) and University of Helsinki (Department of Computer Science)
2 Acknowledgemens Research is done by the Semantic Computing Research Group (SeCo) and funded by the National Technology Agency Tekes and 38 organizations.
3 Acknowledgemens Work has been done by Tomi Kauppinen Riikka Henriksson Robin Lindroos Kimmo Puputti Jari Väätäinen Jouni Tuominen Kim Viljanen Reetta Sinkkilä Eero Hyvönen
4 Why it is hard to find correct information? Information retrieval from the web how to find place related resources? e.g. hotels in Paris Place names are not unique e.g. Isosaari (496) Place names may have other meanings e.g. Turkey Places may have variant names Beijing Peking, New York Big Apple Need for geo-ontologies What are the top-level, middle-level and lower-level concepts? e.g. place, area, region, location, position, etc.
5 What is geo-ontology? Place subclasses Country City Neighborhood types Finland Espoo Otaniemi ispartof ispartof
6 Ontological Representations Are Needed Mereology Topology Geometry Espoo Espoo Espoo ispartof touches hascenterpoint iswholeof touches iscenterpointof Finland Helsinki pos1 Point_1 pos2 srsname EPSG:2393
7 Spatial relations Topology equals, disjoint, intersects, touches, crosses, within, contains, overlaps Mereology ispartof, iswholeof A B A B A B ispartof A disjoint B A contains B A equals B
8 Spatial relations Directional A issouthof, issouthwestof, iswestof, etc. A issouthof B A issouthwestof B B B B A iswestof B Distance A Quantitative distance Qualitative distance 25 km B eg. A isnorthof B A A iscloseto B B A B
9 Status in geo domain NOW:building and sharing geo-ontologies (Tim Berners-Lee, W3C, 2003)
10 Finnish geo-ontology SUO 821 classes Related to places Natural and man-made Related to geometric objects e.g. point, curve, polygon Related to coordinate reference systems e.g. geocentric and geographic coordinate systems e.g. datum and ellipsoid Properties Mereological relations (e.g. ispartof) Topological relations (e.g. crosses) Geometry-valued (e.g. iscenterpointof) Instances From Place Name Register and GEONet Names Server
11 Why also time in geo-ontologies? Locations change over time An example: East Germany and West Germany were merged 1991 to form Germany. Space Time
12 SAPO: Finnish Spatio-temporal Ontology
13 An example of changes in Finnish regions Changes around Lappeenranta and Viipuri region from 1906 until today An example: Viipuri (-1906) was split in 1906 to Nuijamaa ( ) and to Viipuri ( )
14 Coverages visualized Shades of grey indicate the level of coverage: the darker the box, the higher is the coverage. The black color indicates a full 100% coverage between the SAPO regions and the white color a 0% coverage. From this illustration it is easy to see the mutual asymmetric coverages between the regions
15 Method used to improve searches Annotation concept Relevance Query concept
16 Query expansion with SAPO A user queries with Lappeenranta: - The system suggests also Vahviala, Lappee et cetera Joutseno Vahviala Lappee overlaps overlaps overlaps Nuijamaa Lappeenranta Viipurin maalaiskunta overlaps overlaps
17 SAPO: A Finnish Spatio-temporal ontology Complete change history of Finnish municipalities ( ) Coordinates and boundaries of most of the municipalities
18 2. Ontology Services & User Groups 1. Ontology Developers - Colloborative development of interdependent ontologies - Versioning and support for updates 2. Information Searchers - Support concept-based search - Keyword disambiguation - Finding the right search concepts Nokia: company or city? 2. Information Indexers - Support indexing concept finding - Keyword disambiguation - Support indexing patterns
19 Solution for finding place concepts: ONKI-Geo Aineisto A Muunnin A Aineisto B Muunnin B RDFvarasto Aineisto C Muunnin C Indeksi
20 ONKI-GEO - finding place names made easy
21 ONKI-Geo includes following materials: Aineistokoodi Aineisto Paikkainstanssien määrä vuonna 2008 A0001 maailma 1 A0002 maanosat 7 A0003 valtiot 194 A0004 Suomen läänit 6 A0005 Suomen maakunnat 20 A0006 Suomen seutukunnat 77 A0007 Suomen kunnat 415 A0008 Paikannimirekisteri n A0009 GEOnet Names Server n A0010 Geographic Names Information System n A0011 Suomen ajallinen paikkaontologia n. 650
22 Utilizing place concepts (Kauppinen et al., FAIS 2006)
23 Demos (TBA)
24 References Tomi Kauppinen and Eero Hyvönen. Modeling and Reasoning about Changes in Ontology Time Series. As a Chapter in Book: Ontologies: A Handbook of Principles, Concepts and Applications in Information Systems. Rajiv Kishore, Ram Ramesh, Raj Sharman (editors). ISBN: Springer- Verlag, January, Riikka Henriksson, Tomi Kauppinen and Eero Hyvönen: Core Geographical Concepts: Case Finnish Geo-Ontology. Location and the Web (LocWeb) 2008 workshop, 17th International World Wide Web Conference WWW 2008, Beijing, China, April 21-25, 2008.
25 References Tomi Kauppinen, Jari Väätäinen and Eero Hyvönen: Creating and Using Geospatial Ontology Time Series in a Semantic Cultural Heritage Portal. S. Bechhofer et al.(eds.): Proceedings of the 5th European Semantic Web Conference 2008 ESWC 2008, LNCS 5021, Tenerife, Spain, pp , June 1-5, Tomi Kauppinen, Riikka Henriksson, Reetta Sinkkilä, Robin Lindroos, Jari Väätäinen and Eero Hyvönen: Ontology-based Disambiguation of Spatiotemporal Locations. 1st international workshop on Identity and Reference on the Semantic Web (IRSW2008), 5th European Semantic Web Conference 2008 (ESWC 2008), Tenerife, Spain, June 1-5, 2008.
26 Questions?
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