Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) Exploring the Coreness of VoIP Control Points
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1 Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) Exploring the Coreness of VoIP Control Points Chintan Vaishnav Core-Edge Working Group Communications s Program Massachusetts Institute of Technology chintanv@mit.edu 1
2 Outline Basic Elements (VoIP Control Points) -- Constellations Business Models (Classes of VoIP) Static Intra-Product Two Scenarios Commoditization of Basic Voice Service Growth of Innovative, VoIP-inside Communication Services Coreness of Control Points Dynamic Intra-Product Summary Inter-Product 2
3 Basic Elements (VoIP Control Points) Local Access National Backbone International Backbone Bit Transport (Voice Quality) Call Signaling PSTN Gateway Features End Device/Software Name Space } Access chintanv@mit.edu 3
4 Business Models (Classes of VoIP) Based on who manages which control point and how (centralized/decentralized) VoIP in the backbone Facility Based VoIP VoIP over Broadband P2P VoIP A B1 B2 C - Circuit Switching - Packet Switching - Packet Switching - Packet Switching - Same Operator and Service Provider - Same Operator and Service Provider - Different Operator and Service Provider - Operator agnostic Service Provider (e.g. AT&T, Sprint, MCI ) (e.g. VoCable, VoDSL, VoIP over Wireless) (e.g. Vonage, SkypeOut, SkypeIn) (e.g. FWD, Skype, Yahoo!, IM) chintanv@mit.edu 4
5 Business Models (Contd.) Who owns the control points Communications Value Chain NETWORK EQUIPMENT MANU- FACTUROR FACILITIES PROVIDER (NETWORK OPERATOR) SERVICE PROVIDER FEATURE (APPLICATN. PROVIDER CPE (PHONES, MODEMS ETC.) Business Models VoIP in the backbone Facility Based VoIP VoIP over Broadband P2P VoIP Network Equipment Vendor Network Equipment Vendor Network Equipment Vendor Network Equipment Vendor Combination of LEC and IXC (Access, Bit Transport, Call Signaling, Features) Cable Operator, DSL, Wireless BB provider (Access, Bit Transport, Call Signaling, PSTN, Gateway, Features) Some End Devices e.g. Cable Modem Operator (Access) Operator (Access) (PSTN Gateway) BB ISP (Bit Transport UDP/TCP/IP) Service Provider (Bit Transport UDP/TCP/IP) VoIP Service Provider (Bit Transport (RTP) Call Signaling, Feature) App. Provider (Bit Transport (RTP) Call Signaling, Features, End App.) Third party (End Device, e.g.phone) Third party End Device, Phone (End Device) Phone Adapter Third party End Device, phone (Name Space) Third party End Device,PC 5
6 Scenario 1: Commoditization of Basic Voice Service Many Access Substitutes PSTN, Cable, DSL, Wireless and now WiFi/WiMax Cheap PSTN interoperability More Signaling Substitutes Cheap service from SIP servers and gateways Many SIP enabled devices and applications Voice comes bundled with Internet Connectivity No VoIP Blocking 6
7 Scenario 2: Growth of Innovative, VoIP-inside Communication Services Application beyond Internet Telephony Gaming Distance Learning Internet Radio, Internet TV, Webcast SIP support in operating systems and easy application programming internface (API) Many SIP enabled devices and applications 7
8 Scenario 3: Recent Events Incumbent Mergers/Acquisitions likely Verizon-MCI Municipal broadband proliferation (UTOPIA) Municipal broadband restrictions (PA, FL) Incumbent owned WiFi Hotspots (T-Mobile Hotspots) Server-less SIP (Damaka, X-ten) SIP Service Inter-operation (FWD-Vonage/Packet8) 8
9 Evolving Coreness of Access Circuit-Switched PSTN Scarcity LECs own local loops, 3 IXCs own national backbone Demand High Price, Low connectivity demand (but artificially modified by regulation) VoIP in the backbone; some P2P (FWD, VocalChat) Scarcity unbundled local loops, leased capacity calling cards Demand Long-distance charges drop, MOU increases, PSTN interoperability Scarcity Facility-based, over BB and P2P VoIP Scarcity Substitute Access (Cable, Wireless) Demand Flat rate pricing, Free PC2PC Incumbent Mergers Municipal Broadband Restrictions Incumbent Owned WiFi 2005 Commoditization VoIP-inside Municipal Broadband Proliferation Demand Recent Events chintanv@mit.edu 9
10 Evolving Coreness of Bit Transport (Voice Quality) Scarcity Circuit-Switched PSTN Scarcity ILEC and IXCs Demand High Price, Low demand for MOU Packet-Switching in Backbone (VoIP in the backbone); some P2P (FWD) Scarcity ILEC, CLEC and IXCs Demand Long-distance charges drop, MOU increases 1995 Facility-based, over BB and P2P VoIP Scarcity Multiple Access Options (Wired, Cable, DSL, Wireless) Demand Flat rate pricing, Free PC2PC Higher Scarcity and Demand for Bandwidth Commoditization VoIP-inside Demand Recent Events 10
11 Evolving Coreness of Call Signaling Circuit-Switched PSTN Scarcity ILEC and IXCs Demand High Price, Low demand (Number of Connections) H.323 (VoIP in the backbone); some P2P (FWD); early SIP Scarcity ILEC, CLEC and IXCs, Calling Cards Demand Long-distance charges drop, No. of Calls increase 1995 Scarcity Facility-based, over BB and P2P VoIP Scarcity Higher Adoption of SIP Demand Flat rate pricing, Free PC2PC Server-less SIP SIP-Service Interoperation Commoditization VoIP-inside Demand Recent Events 11
12 PSTN Feature Set Scarcity ILEC and IXCs Demand High Price, Low demand Evolving Coreness of Features Facility-based, over BB and P2P VoIP Scarcity More suppliers for telephony features Demand Innovative Features (Virtual Phone No., Presence) Scarcity High as few providers of new features Demand High for Innovative Applicaitons Scarcity VoIP in the Backbone, some P2P (FWD) Scarcity Similar or Inferior Features Demand A few newer features Demand Everyone provides the most popular telephony features Commoditization VoIP-inside chintanv@mit.edu 12
13 Evolving Coreness of End Device/Software Analog and Digital PSTN Phones Scarcity Many Players Demand Limited by Service Demand Scarcity H.323 Phones (VocalTec); P2P App. (FWD) Scarcity Small no. of additional H.323 phones and Apps. Demand Limited by Service Demand Facility-based, over BB and P2P VoIP Scarcity Multiple Apps Demand Device Subsidy, Free PC2PC Demand 2005 Commoditization VoIP-inside 13
14 Evolving Coreness of Name Space SIP-Service Interoperation Scarcity High, New Service Specific Private Name Spaces Demand Follows App. Demand 1995 Scarcity Publicly Owned Scarcity Low Demand Service Demand Limited Facility-based, over BB and P2P VoIP Scarcity Privately owned Name Spaces Demand In-Network Calling, Free PC2PC Publicly Owned Scarcity Same Demand Service Demand Limited Demand Scarcity Low as private Name Spaces Interoperate Demand Follows service demand Commoditization VoIP-inside Recent Events 14
15 Scenario 1: Commoditization Summary Bit Transport Features Device/Software Name Space Other Indicative Triggers - Acquizition of/ Collaboration with new new app. Providers -Traditional services become Internet-based, and are voice enabled Recent Events - Server-less SIP - SIP-Service Integration -- Municipal BB Proliferation Scarcity Scenario 2: VoIP-inside Demand Access Bit Transport Call Signaling Features Device/Software Name Space Access Call Signaling Recent Events - Incumbent Merger/Acquisition - Municipal BB Restrictions -- Incumbent owned Hotspots Other Indicative Triggers - Deregulation - Standardization - Open Architecture - Functionality in end point chintanv@mit.edu - Regulatory Harmonization 15 - Economic Upswing
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