A Significant Challenge: Emissions. Teresa Baer October 19, 2010

Transcription

1 A Significant Challenge: Managing ORNL Greenhouse Gas Emissions Teresa Baer October 19, 2010

2 Best Management Practice becomes an Executive Order ORNL s GHG Inventory was initiated in Spring 2009 as a best management practice under the Sustainable campus Initiative. Executive Order (EO) dated October 5, Federal Leadership in Environmental, Energy, and Economic Performance commits that the Federal Government will provide leadership in environmental stewardship practices. EO sets sustainability goals for Federal agencies and focuses on making improvements in their environmental, energy and economic performance and incorporates previous energy reduction targets. For the first time, all federal agencies are required to address GHG and Carbon emissions. All major agencies required set a 2020 greenhouse gas emissions reduction target. On January 31, 2010 overall Federal Agency goals were set at 28%. 1 Managed by UT-Battelle

3 Selecting the Protocol for the GHG Inventory Early on a decision was made to use the calculation tools and standardized accounting and reporting principals developed by the Word Resources Institute (WRI) Greenhouse Gas (GHS) Protocol, specifically the Public Sector Standard. Established relationship with the World Resource Institute (WRI): A U.S. based, nongovernmental and non-profit organization supporting research, education, training, and policy initiatives for environmental stewardship and sustainable practices. WRI is a major international center for policy research and analysis that address global resource and environmental issues. Greenhouse Gas Protocol Initiative: A global-warming impact collaboration convened by WRI in 1998 to design, develop, and promote the use of standardized accounting and reporting principals in the estimating of GHG emissions and the calculations of greenhouse gas scopes and inventories. WRIs GHG protocol helps to establish a baseline emissions inventory that is unbiased, justifiable, and transparent. WRI s GHG protocol is the tool selected by the DOE for establishing their inventory. 2 Managed by UT-Battelle

4 What Do We Measure Global Warming Potential: A factor describing the radiative forcing impact (degree of impact to the atmosphere) of one unit of a given GHG relative to the basic unit of CO2. The inventory measures direct and indirect emission sources. Inventory included emissions for FY2005 through FY2009 Includes the six major gases from 1997 Kyoto GHG Protocol, including Carbon dioxide (CO2) Methane (CH4) Nitrous oxide (N2O) Hydrofluorocarbons (HFC) Perfluorocarbons (PFC) Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) Emissions are expressed in units of metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalencies (CO2e) 3 Managed by UT-Battelle

5 CO2 Defined and Equivalencies Carbon Dioxide Equivalent (CO2e): The emissions of a gas, by mass, multiplied by its "global warming potential. 100-year Global Warming Potential (GWP) Pollutant CO2e Factor GHG Gas CO2e multiplier Carbon dioxide (CO2) 1 Methane (CH4) 25 Nitrous oxide (N2O) 298 Hydrofluorocarbons (HFC) ,800 Perfluorocarbons (PFC) 7,390-17,200 Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) 22,800 (Source: Climate Change 2007, IPCC Fourth Assessment Report) One of the guiding principles of the GHG Protocol is the use of standardized approaches including the reporting of Greenhouse gas inventory calculations in metric tons. All emission sources are calculated using GWP factors and reported in Metric Tons (or metric tonnes) of CO2e. 4 Managed by UT-Battelle

6 Defining our Inventory Boundaries Organizational vs Operational Selected the organizational approach which is is based on financial control. The activities controlled by ORNL budgets include Research & Development, Facilities & Operations (F&O) and other activities that are dedicated to ORNL functions. Organizational and financial controls extend to facilities, employees and direct subcontractors. Control does not extend into other operations conducted on ORNL property that is contracted through other DOE Prime Contractors such as Wackenhut Security. Does not includes facilities leased by other organizations such as CROET, if the utilities are segregated and paid by another organization. 5 Managed by UT-Battelle

7 Scope of Emissions Scope 2: Indirect Emissions TVA Power Mix Scope 1, Direct Emissions Natural Gas Usage Fleet Vehicles Generators, Stacks, Hoods Scope 2 Purchased electricity Scope 3, Indirect Emissions Employee, Contractor, Visitor Commute Employee Business Travel Waste Disposition 6 Managed by UT-Battelle

8 7 Managed by UT-Battelle

9 Emissions as a % of all Sources GHG Inventory Scope FY 2008 CO2e Mtons 2 Purchased Electricity (1) 100,561 2 Electricity for Process Facilities 125,449 1 Natural Gas Combustion 47,585 1 Oil Combustion 1,946 1 Fleet & Off road 2,152 1 Ref., Lab gases, etc 1,468 Scope 1 & Scope 2 Total 279,161 3 Commute, Employee, Subs, Visiting Scientist 40,273 3 Business Travel 9,724 3 Waste Disposition 2,341 Scope 3 Total Total All Scopes 331,499 Ref., Lab gases, etc 0% Fleet & Off road 1% Oil Combustion 1% Commute, Employee, Subs, Visiting Scientist 12% Natural Gas Combustion 14% Business Travel 3% Waste Disposition 1% Purchased Electricity (1) 30% Electricity for Process Facilities 38% 8 Managed by UT-Battelle

10 CO2e (Metric Tons) ORNL 2007 GHG/Carbon Footprint Inventory compared with other Institutions (without RECs) 350,000 ORNL GHG Calculations Comparisons 300, , , , ,000 50,000 - ORNL PNNL NREL UTK City of Knoxville 2007 Calculations 9 Managed by UT-Battelle CO 2 e (M Tons) # of employees (FTE, est.) ORNL 306,424 5,408 PNNL 36,378 4,000 NREL 33,724 1,200 UTK 264,301 9,300 City of Knoxville 95,000 2,500

11 Interface with DOE s GHG Inventory Process DOE collects data through existing information systems and uses that data to calculate the inventory for each site. Data calls were issued for missing information until the databases could be be revised to collect necessary information for future inventories Feeder data systems include: FIMS FAST EMS4 PPTRS The DOE Inventory for ORNL in FY08 is 418,560 CO2e mtons vs ORNL s inventory of 331,499 CO2e mtons. Primary difference is accounting for fugitive emissions. 10 Managed by UT-Battelle

12 CO2e (Metric Tons) CO2e (Metric Tons) Greenhouse Gas Management Inventory FY Without Process Facilities Including Process Facilities 450, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,000 50,000 50, est. Scope 3 45,144 46,547 48,174 52,238 54,328 Scope 2 w/o Process 92,697 92,996 97, ,561 99,032 Scope 1 56,243 54,552 53,147 53,151 52, est. Scope 3 45,144 46,547 48,174 52,238 54,328 Scope 2 with Process 157, , , , ,242 Scope 1 56,243 54,552 53,147 53,151 52, Managed by UT-Battelle

13 Challenges for GHG Emissions Reduction In March of 2010 DOE set GHG reduction targets at 28% for Scope 1 and 2 emissions and 13% for Scope 3. Our most compelling challenge is our commitment to our mission, and the resultant growth in critical research programs. These programs use energy intensive processes such as computer modeling as a means of response to critical national challenges. While our greenhouse gas emissions will be difficult to reduce, due to research growth an absolute commitment has been made to reduce future emissions to the highest degree possible. 12 Managed by UT-Battelle

14 Metric ton CO 2 e Greenhouse Gas Management GHG Inventory Projections through FY20 700, , , , , , ,000 Target Managed by UT-Battelle Electricity: Mission Facilities Electricity: Conventional Facilities Scope 1 Target GHG Reduction by FY20 28% of scope 1 and 2 10% of scope 3 248,096

15 Scope 2 Emissions Subject to TVA Fuel Mix Tennessee-TVA Fuel Mix Coal Nuclear Hydro Oil Gas Biomass+ wind % < < < < < < < year average TVA (TN) National Average Managed by UT-Battelle

16 Scope 1 Reduction Strategy ORNL has a 20 year history of aggressively managing fleet vehicles to reduce cost and fuel consumption. Extensive efforts to decrease the use of petroleum products and increase the use of alternative fuels are on-going, currently over 55% of fleet vehicles use alternative fuels. Twelve electric vehicles will be purchased for research and will further lessen the demand on the ORNL Fleet Vehicles. ORNL s Biomass Boiler comes online in FY11 reducing dependance on natural gas and delivering a significant reduction in Scope 1 emissions. On-going study of SF6 emissions and better accounting procedure. Successful implementation of these initiatives will ensure that ORNL exceeds the Scope 1 28% reduction goal well ahead of the FY20 target. 15 Managed by UT-Battelle

17 Scope 2 Reduction Strategy TVA has committed to an improved fuel mix, target 50% carbon content by the year Renewable energy projects such additional solar, landfill gas, etc. Establishment of high performance buildings, implementation of energy conservation measures in facilities, cool roof installations The aggressive growth of ORNL programs requires transformational technology such as the introduction of a Small Modular Reactor (SMR) on ORO property to achieve the overall reductions required. Without transformational technology, such as the SMR, ORNL is not on target to achieve a 28% reduction in Scope 2 emissions. With implementation of the SMR ORNL could be carbon neutral and DOE could reduce 43% of it s entire Scope 2 emissions. 16 Managed by UT-Battelle

18 Scope 3 Reduction Strategies EMPLOYEE COMMUTE includes implementation of an aggressive transportation alternative plan which includes ride-share programs park and ride lots, telecommute pilot programs BUSINESS TRAVEL Web based meetings Tele-conferencing Air travel for mission specific business 17 Managed by UT-Battelle

19 Summary of Reduction Strategies Scope Target Source of GHG Emission Planned Action Impact 1 28% 1 28% Fleet Vehicles 1 28% Onsite generation of power: natural gas, fuel oil Process and Fugitive Emissions, primarily SF6 Bio Boiler online and fully operational, resulting in 40,000 Mt reduction annually Continue to reduce petroleum- based fuel consumption; 100% non-traditional vehicles by FY20. Improve Operational Losses, Improve Reporting Process 250% of Target 100% of Target 200% of Target 2 28% General Offices and Lab Space 2 28% 18 Managed by UT-Battelle High Performance, Mission Specific Facilities 3 13% Employee Commute 3 13% Employee Business Travel Energy Audits, ECMs, HPSBs, Cool Roofs, JCI ESPC Actions, etc. Small Modular Reactor (SMR) or other technology is necessary to decrease carbon content of electrical power generation Carpool/rideshare programs, park and ride lots, telecommute pilot programs Web based meetings and conferences, reduction of air travel (limited to mission) and reduce or eliminate shortrange air travel 120% of Target (general offices only) 140% of Target 100% of Target 100% of Target

20 Scope 2 Emissions Subject to TVA Fuel Mix 19 Managed by UT-Battelle

21 What Can You Do There are many initiatives underway to improve the sustainability of the Lab and address greenhouse gas emissions. As individual employees what can we do: Look for rideshare opportunities Work from home when possible Use break room microwaves, toasters, refrigerators and remove them from offices Use central printers where available, unplug your printer Turn off your lights when you leave your office, Ask facility manager to remove bulbs if your office is overlit Do not use space heaters and fans, ask facility manager to adjust temperature settings Submit your ideas for facility, equipment, utility improvements 20 Managed by UT-Battelle