Keywords Train Traffic Control Station (TTCS), UV sensors, IR sensors, GSM, LPC 2148 processor.

Transcription

1 Volume 6, Issue 6, June 2016 ISSN: X International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering Research Paper Available online at: Train Collision Avoidance by Using Sensors Naga Hema Kumari.V *, China Appala Naidu.R CSE & St.Martin s Engineering College, J. N.T.U, Hyderabad, Telangana, India Abstract Now a days, we saw number of accidents occurred in railways. The accidents were occurred due to track cracking and not identified the opposite trains on the same track at the right time. When the train met with an accident maximum people lose their lives. Most of the accidents were occurred with negligence of humans and without proper communication from Train Traffic Control Station (TTCS).to prevent this problem we identified a sensors which will identify the railway track cracks and identify the opposite train in the same track within a short time. The purpose of the project is to develop and design a low-cost system with high integrity and reliability for enhancing to prevent the train s collision in adverse weather situations, such as a foggy or rainy and identify the track problems. In this we used UV sensors, IR sensors, LPC2148 processor to prevent train collision as well as track cracks. In this paper we alert the station master, driver to avoid the train collisions with the help of GSM. Keywords Train Traffic Control Station (TTCS), UV sensors, IR sensors, GSM, LPC 2148 processor. I. INTRODUCTION In India railway network communication is the largest transport network [1]. In 1853 railways are first introduced and it is nationalized in 1951 [8].Most of the people travel by train daily. Annually 11 million passengers travel by train. But the journey is not safe, because lot of the accidents happened in railway network [4, 5]. There are 2 types of collisions. 1. Head - on collisions 2. Rear- end-collisions The two types of collisions occurred because of human errors [1]. A head-on collision means front end of two trains hit each other. Head-on collisions occur on the same track only [2, 9]. Rear-end collisions means a train hits the train in front of it. On an average for every minute at least one person dies in train crash. Annually 3 million people were seriously injured by these train accidents [7]. The accidents were happened due to human and equipment failures, leads to safety violations [3].The railway board of India has referred last train accidents to implement an efficient and cost effective anti collision system. Kankan railways implemented an anti collision device. But it fails on taking active inputs and lack of communication [6]. To provide safety to human lives and to reduce the accidents we developed a new product. Using this proposed system we can identify the both head on and rear-end collisions and can be controlled [1]. In the proposed system we are using sensor based identification system to prevent these accidents. The proposed model contains Ultrasonic sensors (UV sensors), Infrared sensors (IR sensors), microcontroller and GSM technology.gsm technology is used for communication purpose. Using this GSM we can provide wireless communication. UV sensors are used to identify the presence of objects. IR sensors are used to identify the track cracks. DC Motor acts as a train. This model also have one 16* 2 LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) display. It displays the information on the screen. All these components are connect to the micro controller. This is the main controller. It belongs to the ARM7 architecture. Here we are using serial communication. In serial communication we transfer one bit at a time. For more distances serial communication is better. II. EXISTING SYSTEM The existing system uses traditional telecommunication systems like Walkie-Talkies or other communication devices. Due to human carelessness it fails some times. The Anti-Collision Device (ACD) is also another method introduced by Kankan railways. The ACD uses radio modems for communication and receive inputs from GPS through satellites. Drawbacks of ACD: - Ineffective: - it is ineffective because it does not receive inputs from railway system. Communication problem:-the ACD does not provide proper communication between the trains and stations because it ses radio modems. To overcome this problems Kankan railways also introduce a Zigbee and infrared sensors based concept. This one also fails because it has limited range of signal coverage. Instead of this they used geographical sensors through satellites for communication. But it is very costly and complicated to implement. And also it fails to work on curved tracks. III. PROPOSED SYSTEM DESIGN In proposed system we will provide security and collision avoidance with sensors and GSM technology. 2016, IJARCSSE All Rights Reserved Page 681

2 Fig. 1 On board unit This picture consists of collection of various entities described below. UV sensors IR sensors GSM Micro controller A. UV Sensors The Ultrasonic sensor module automatically emits the UV rays when the train is moving. If there is any obstacle in the track, the sensor module automatically identifies and sends the information to the microcontroller and information will display on the screen. The same information will send to the Train Traffic Control Station (TTCS). B. IR Sensors IR sensors are used to detect the track cracks. Each IR sensor has one transmitter and receiver. The transmitter and receiver communicate through signals. If there is any problem in the track, the communication will fail and information will display on the screen and send to the station. C. GSM GSM (Global System for Mobile communications) is a wireless network. GSM have different frequency ranges. We are using HZ range. The GSM module creates connection between the train and the Train Traffic Control Station (TTCS). The micro controller is connected with the GSM, so the information from the train is transferred to the station. The GSM module has an inbuilt chip for programming. The GSM Module accepts SIM card to send and receive messages. It has copper wire antenna to receive the signals. The GSM network consists of 3 components. Switching system Base station system Operation and support system Fig. 2 GSM Fig. 3 GSM Network 2016, IJARCSSE All Rights Reserved Page 682

3 1) Switching system: The Switching system is used for call processing. It includes various components. HLR (Home location register):- It is permanent database storage. It stores information about subscribers. MSC (Mobile services switching center):-it performs call controlling and telephone switching functions. VLR (Visitor location register):- It is temporary database storage. It stores information about subscribers. AUC (Authentication center):- It performs user authentication and provide security for network operators. EIC (Equipment identity register):- It maintains information about the mobile equipment to prevent calls from unauthorized ones. 2) The Base Station System: It consists of 2 components. BTS (base transceiver stations):-it handles the mobile station. A number of BTS is controlled by MSC. BSC (base station controllers):-it provides connection between BTS and MSC. More number of BSC is served by MSC. 3) The Operation and Support System: All components of switching system and base station system are connecting to the OSS. It provides support to perform different activities and to maintain the organizations. D. ARM7 (Advanced RISC Machine) microcontroller It is a 32-bit RISC processor architecture. Because of low power consumption and for fastest communication it is widely used in embedded system designs. It consists of LPC2148 processor LCD display 1) LPC2148 processor: It is a general purpose 32-bit micro controller. It is very small in size.lpc is Low power and Low cost micro controller. It contains two ports. Each port contains 32 I/O pins. Each pin has their own specific functionality. The pins that are not connecting to a specific functionality are controlled by general purpose I/O registers. Some pins have more than one function. It contains two UART (Universal asynchronous receiver transmitter) ports UART0; UART1.each UART has one transmitter and receiver for sending and receiving data. It sends and receives the data in the form of packets. Features: - It has 40KB of static RAM 512KB of flash program memory. It supports ISP (In-System programming) programming. Fig. 4 LPC2148 pin diagram 2) Liquid crystal display: It is very important in embedded system designs. We can show information easily by using this. It requires low power. It always requires +5v power supply. It consists of 16 pins. All are bidirectional. It provide interface for 4-bit or 8-bit data bus. 2016, IJARCSSE All Rights Reserved Page 683

4 Fig. 5 16x2 LCD To work with LPC2148 processor we need some hardware components. The hardware components are, A. MAX232 B. Reset button C. Regulated power supply IV. HARDWARE COMPONENTS A. MAX232 MAX232 is a serial communication device. It converts RS232 signals into TTL logic. It acts both transmitter and receiver depending upon situation. It always requires +5v power supply and gives 0 to +5v output.max 232 is used to maintain the +5v DC and supply to the all devices. Fig. 6 Pin Diagram of MAX232 B. Reset Reset button is used to bring back the position of the system into initial state. C. Regulated power supply It is used to convert high voltage AC to suitable low voltage to supply for the devices. It consists of series of components. Step-down transformer Bridge rectifier Capacitor Voltage regulator Transformer + Rectifier + Smoothing + Regulator Fig. 7 Block Diagram of a Regulated Power Supply 1) Step-down transformer: It converts high voltage AC to low voltage AC with loss of little power. Generally stepdown transformer is used to reduce the voltage. The input is primary coil and output is secondary coil. It has large 2016, IJARCSSE All Rights Reserved Page 684

5 number of turns on its primary coil which is connect to the high voltage supply as input and small number of turns on its secondary coil to give low voltage as output. The available voltage from the mains is 230V/50HZ AC voltage as input but the step-down transformer produces 12V AC as output. 2) Bridge rectifier: Bridge rectifier is used to convert AC to DC. It takes input as 12V AC voltage and gives equaling 12V DC voltage as output but the DC voltage is varying. The varying voltage is not suitable for circuits. 3) Capacitor: To remove disturbance and to filter signal we are using capacitors. It gives DC voltage with small ripple. 4) Voltage regulator: To maintain constant voltage level we are using this. The required DC voltage is 5V DC. So we are using 7805 voltage regulator. It always gives 5V DC as output by eliminating ripples. V. OPERATION RESULTS In this paper we are using LPC2148 is main controller. The GSM is connected to this processor. We have to register in this paper t by sending our number. Two IR sensors are connecting to processor to check tracks and UV sensors also connect to this to check objects in the track. If any sensor get activated SMS will send to the registered number and display on the LCD display. The train will stop automatically. Here the DC motor acts as a train. The screen shot of sms is shown below. Fig. 8 registering number We have to register by sending our number. Ex: - * phone number Then we will get message to your registered mobile number. If there is any problem in the track or any object appears on the track we will get message to your registered mobile and displays on the screen. The screen shot of sms is shown below. Fig. 9 distance from opposite vehicle and crack on track Fig. 10 incase of collision occurrence Table I Experiment Results S. No Type of Problem Receiving Message 1 Track problem yes 2 No problem no 3 Chance to collision yes 4 No problem no 5 Objects on the track yes From the last 5 years, the number of train accidents due to collisions, track problems and other problems. 2016, IJARCSSE All Rights Reserved Page 685

6 Y-axis -No.of accidents Hema et al., International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering 6(6), Table II No. Of Train Accidents Year Collisions Track Crossing Other Total Problems Accidents Problems Accidents VI. GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION x-axis -year Fig. 11 Graph on accidents by year wise Fig. 12 Graph on number and Type of accidents Fig.13 Type of accidents by percentage 2016, IJARCSSE All Rights Reserved Page 686

7 Here, we represented the number of train accidents by using graphs. By seeing the above values, we know that most of the accidents were occurred due to track problems, level crossing and etc. To prevent these accidents we can use this sensor based identification system. In this we are using IR sensors to identify the track problems and UV sensors to identify the objects and opposite trains on the track. So by using these UV sensors we can avoid the collisions and level crossing accidents also. By using this system we can reduce the accidents and more number of lives can be saved. VII. CONCLUSIONS In the above section I represented number of accidents occurred in previous years. To avoid the train accidents we implemented a new product with UV sensors, IR sensors. The product was tested and working properly. The main intension of the project is to prevent train collisions. By using this project many human lives can be saved. This project can work in any atmospheric conditions. Without any human involvement the trains will automatically stops, if any sensors get activated. REFERENCES [1] T.Dhanabalu, S.Sugumar, S.Suryaprakash, A.VijayAnand Sensor based identification system for Train Collision Avoidance, in IEEE Sponsored 2nd International Conference on Innovations in Information Embedded and Communication Systems,2015,p.no.1-2. [2] S.Gautam, S.Nemade, T.Sakla "Simulation of an anticollision system on same track for railways", in International Journal of Engineering and Technology, Vol. 2(9), 2010, pp [3] Arun.P, Saritha. S,KM.Martin, Madhukumar.S "an efficient train anti-collision system using LEO two way satellite communication. [4] A concept for reducing railway accidents, H Ben Brown, Jr. Gregg Podnar, MelSiegel, February,2005. [5] Railway crossing collision avoidance system, Shirley et al. - September, [6] Arun P, Careena P, Madhukumar S, Sabarinath G Implementation of Zigbee Based Train Anti- Collision And Level Crossing Protection System for Indian Railways, in International Journal of Latest Trends in Engineering and Technology(IJLTET)Vol.2,Issue1 January 2013 ISSN: X. [7] M. Gao, K. He, H. Liu, F. Sun, Design and Development of Autonomous Driving Train IEEE, [8] Seema Chouhan Railway Anti-Collision System using DSLR Sensor, in International Journal Of Engineering Sciences & Research Technology(Ijesrt) ISSN: March, 2014 [ ]. [9] N. Sambamurthy*, Sk. Hasane Ahammad "Prevention of Train Accidents Using Wireless Sensor Networks",Vol. 3, Issue 6, Nov-Dec 2013, pp , IJARCSSE All Rights Reserved Page 687