Vehicle Tracking And Monitoring Using ARM Hardware

Transcription

1 Reg. No.: DOI:V3I3P04 Vehicle Tracking And Monitoring Using ARM Hardware 1 Sonal D. Raut, 2 Mrs. Prashasti Kanikar Mtech (CE) Student Computer Engineering Department SVKM s NMIMs University Mumbai, Maharashtra 1 sonalraut.nmims@gmail.com Asst. Professor Computer Engineering Department SVKM s NMIMs University Mumbai, Maharashtra 2 Prashasti.Kanikar@nmims.edu ABSTRACT In this research a system is being proposed for tracking and monitoring the vehicle using GPS/GPRS technology. The proposed system provides information regarding the vehicle identity, Latitude, Longitude, Acceleration data in 3- axis, Speed details and the timestamp details. LPC2148 microcontroller is used for creating a GPRS packet and transferring the packet via GPRS to the front end application. Accelerometer (MMA 7361) is used to detect collisions. In case of accident an SMS will be send to the nearby hospital thus providing faster access to the people who got to the accident. Also Accident prone region can be determined by looking at the database. By applying Fuzzy association rule on the database one can find out to what extent the parameters (speed and acceleration) are contributing in causing collision. These rules will be very useful in avoiding collision by sending an alert message to the driver when the driver approaches the radii of the accident prone region. involve transportation of vehicles etc. It is a crucial issue be it tracking a criminal came on payroll or a detective going to detect a case. The usefulness of GPRS and GPS has made them popular in their own context; integrating these technologies can prove to be a flamboyant solution for many unsolved problems A wide range of tracking systems have been developed so far which can track the location of a vehicle but nothing has been done yet to avoid collisions. One such application is where tracking is important is Fleet Management. Fleet Management includes: Maintenance of vehicles. Management of drivers of the vehicle. Keeping track of their Fleet. Keeping an eye on the speed. Managing the consumption of fuel. Keywords: ARM7, MEMS Accelerometer, GPS, GPRS, IR Sensor Safety management. Journey management I. INTRODUCTION In today s world tracking systems are very important for tracking vehicles and displaying their position on a map. Tracking of vehicles is required for many applications like for car rental companies, surveillance purpose, industries which In fleet management many problems are arising due to rash driving, journey management and most importantly safety management. Due to accidents number of death and disability are very high because of late assistance to people who got to the accident. When accidents occur providing medical

2 assistant in the first one hour is very important which not the case in many accident cases. This research tries to solve this problem by sending an SMS to the nearby hospital. Also by tracking speed of the fleet speed management can be done and locating the accident prone regions an alert SMS can be send to the driver when the car reaches within the radii of the accident prone region. A. Need for the monitoring and tracking systems In fleet management as the transportation has increased, other issues related to transportation and safety has also increased. The symbiosis between communication technologies and vehicles offers a priceless opportunity to improve assistance to people injured in accidents by providing information about the accident to reduce the response time of emergency services. As number of vehicles has increased so is the case of accident and stealing. So there is a need to monitor and track the vehicles. The proposed system is designed to detect and provide faster assistance for accidents victims, thereby reducing the time to intimate about the accident to emergency services and the victims can be saved with faster assistance. Also the system is being proposed for fetching other parameters like speed details which will avoid rash driving. The proposed system requires each vehicle to be embedded with an on-board unit responsible for detecting and reporting accident spot to an external monitoring station that estimates the area of accident. With the development of GPS technologies and 3G wireless communication networks, the communication mode of GSM/GPRS-based positioning and monitoring system is constantly changing as well as its developing technology aiming to build an efficient, reliable and wide range covered system by integrating the latest communications technology and the newest wireless network environment. II. PROBLEM DEFINITION GPS tracking systems are used to track anyone and any-thing these days. Technology has rapidly advanced in the past few years and it has become very easy for the average person to use a tracking system. The main objective of this system is to integrate GPS and GSM/GPRS technologies to design a product which gives real time continuous monitoring of your vehicles and an accident indication is provided to a remote control station, from where you will get assistance in case your vehicle got accident. Parameters like Speed, Latitude, Longitude, acceleration in X, Y and Z axis and the collision data can be obtained from the fleet at regular intervals of time. Therefore the need of tracking, security and monitoring is increased. The system is developed using GPS and GSM/ GPRS technologies and is capable of detecting accidents. Global Positioning System (GPS) will receive the coordinates from the satellites among other critical information. The system is microcontroller based that consists of GPS Modem and GPRS Modem provided with a SIM card that uses the same communication process as we are using in regular phone. Reg. No.: DOI:V3I3P04 Page:2

3 III. BACKGROUND OVERVIEW A. Existing Tracking Systems The existing system consisted of GPS and GSM modem. There was a GPS Receiver along with a GSM Modem installed in the vehicle. This is known as GPS Tracking Unit. This unit is a device that uses the Global Positioning System to determine the location of a vehicle to which it is attached and to record the position at regular intervals. The recorded location data can be stored within the tracking unit or it may be transmitted to a central location data base. This allows the vehicle's location to be displayed against a map backdrop either in real-time or when analysing the track later. Thus this system provided information only about the GPS data. No other vehicular parameter was captured. Also collision could not be detected using this hardware. In another system software was developed that was installed in the mobile of the user whom we want to track in real time on Google map. The job of the software was to continuously communicate with the built-in GPS Rx of the mobile and get the Latitude & the Longitude of the user. This data will be send to the Monitoring PC software by the GSM network using SMS programming. Figure 1-1 is the block diagram that shows how desktop computer sends an SMS querying about the location of the user it wants to track. Figure1. Block Diagram of Existing System [37] B. Drawbacks of the Existing Systems GPS & GSM Modems are costly. Speed Management issue not considered. No analysis was done on the database. Apart from position, no other parameters were considered. User has to pay cost for each SMS. SMS are not in real time. Safety Management not considered. Journey Management not considered. The proposed system tries to overcome these drawbacks. IV. PROPOSED SYSTEM Reg. No.: DOI:V3I3P04 Page:3

4 Following is the design of the proposed system. position of the vehicle. The data stored in the database is fetched and is displayed on the Google map. The Google map service provides us the ability to plot the location coordinates and view the location. In case of collision detection SMS will be sent to the owner of the vehicle. C. Analysis Figure2. Design of the proposed system The proposed system works in three phases:- A. Tracking Phase In tracking phase, GPS receiver will fetch GPS data from the satellite. The GPS data will include the latitude and longitude information. Along with the GPS data, other information like speed, acceleration in 3- axis is given to the microcontroller. Microcontroller will create a GPRS packet containing this information. Then microcontroller will send this information via GPRS to the server using socket connection. At the front end an application will be created which will fetch the data from the server using socket connection. Then the data will be stored in the database. B. Mapping Phase A web application will be developed where the current location will be tracked by the user. This enables a user to view the live Once the data is stored in the database, Fuzzy Association rule mining can be applied and rules can be obtained. With the help of these rules one can come to know to what extent the parameters like speed and acceleration are contributing to collision. We get two type of rules, one where the collision is detected and the other where the collision is not detected. Those rules where the collision is detected can be compared against the collision detected tuples in the database and can be checked for parameters like speed and acceleration. On the basis of the database generated, Accident Prone Regions can be detected. Now when any driver comes closer to the accident prone region an intimation regarding the accident prone region could be send to the driver. This will ensure safety of the vehicle as well as the person using it. Reg. No.: DOI:V3I3P04 Page:4

5 The rules where the collision is not detected can be used for generating safer routes. Further shortest path can be estimated based on the time taken to reach there. embeds this data in a GPRs packet and sends it to the front end via GPRS link. Features of Proposed System Safety management. Journey management to some extent by providing them with the shortest route. Google Map integrated in the PC software. Real time monitoring. Can replot the path of user. Figure3. Block Diagram of entire System Limitations Use of Hardware will make it costly. Complex as many parameters are involved for vehicle tracking. D. Block Diagram Following is the block diagram of the proposed system. It consists of two parts hardware and software. Block1 consists of hardware design and Block2 represents the front end. On hardware side first all the peripheral devices are initialized. Then the microcontroller collects data from all the peripheral devices like speed, GPS data and acceleration data. Microcontroller then Block 2 consists of the Front End desktop application. The front end application will fetch GPRS packet from the server using socket connection and store it in the database. So the database will consists in all nine parameters they are Latitude, Longitude, speed, X- value, Y-value, Z- value, Collision Data, Date and Time. So from the database collision can be detected. Also GSM modem is attached to the front end. This will be used for sending an alert message to the driver. Now to avoid collision Fuzzy association rule mining will be applied on the database which will give rules. These rules can be used to find to what extent the parameters Reg. No.: DOI:V3I3P04 Page:5

6 are contributing to collision. These rules can be used to avoid collision by comparing the values of the parameters with those in the database. Further shortest path algorithms can be applied on the database to find the shortest path based on the time taken to reach the destination. interfacing between GPS and microcontroller. Following is the diagram that shows interfacing of GPS to microcontroller. V. HARDWARE SPECIFICATION A. GPS and GPRS Module Global Position System (GPS) is a spacebased satellite navigation that provides location and time information in all weather conditions, anywhere on or near the Earth. Figure5. Interfacing of GPS with LPC2148 Thus, interfacing of GPS with LPC2148 takes place via serial port UART0. Module requires a 5V supply Power. Following figure shows the interfacing of GPRS with LPC2148. Figure4. Diagram of GS-216 This GPS receiver is able to track 32 satellites. Supports NMEA-081 output data format. The sensitivity of this receiver is - 164db. It is capable to work in 3-5v power supply. This GPS receiver gives data output in standard National marine electronics association (NMEA) format. This GPS data is sent to the microcontroller via serial communication. RS232 module is used for Figure6. Interfacing of GPRS with LPC2148 B. IR Sensor IR sensor is used to measure the speed of a wheel. IR sensor has a transmitter, receiver, LED and an Op-amp amplifier. A wheel that is used for the demo purpose will be rotated by means of a DC motor. For varying the speed of the wheel a preset is attached. The power supply given to the DC motor is 12v. Reg. No.: DOI:V3I3P04 Page:6

7 When the power is given to the DC motor the wheel begins to rotate. IR transmitter will transmit IR rays. Some of these rays are reflected and collected by the IR receiver. Amplifier is used which is an op-amp amplifier LM358. It compares the voltages and produces desired output as logic0 or logic1. Following figure shows the circuit diagram of IR sensor. Figure7. Circuit diagram of IR Sensor Table 1: Interfacing of Accelerometer with LPC2148 D. ARM7 This proposed system design uses the ARM processor. ARM architecture is based on Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC). The Philips LPC2148 which is based on 32 bitarm7 TDMI core supporting real time simulation is used. diagram of LPC2148. Following is the pin C. Accelerometer Accelerometer sensor is used to measure acceleration in all three axes, forward/backward, left/right and up/down. The output of accelerometer is in analogue form with three different output voltages each representing X, Y and Z direction of motion. Following table shows the interfacing of accelerometer with LPC2148. Table 1: Interfacing of Accelerometer with LPC2148 Figure8. Pin diagram of LPC2148 [9] LPC2148 has two ports Po and P1 each of 32 bits, 2 ADC each of 10 bit, 2 port for Reg. No.: DOI:V3I3P04 Page:7

8 serial communication with GPS and GPRS. It has 2 UART pins which is required for serially communicating the data to and fro between GPRS, GPS and ARM7. Apart from this it has many other features. Its main function is to collect all the vehicle parameters and create a GPRS packet. This packet is then sent to the server via GPRS. VI. WORKING OF PROPOSED SYSTEM Working of the proposed system is as shown in the following flowcharts. On the front end after logging in to the application, wait for the packet coming from the server (internet). If the packet is found then parse the packet and get the details of the vehicle. The same information will be stored in the database. Also the position of the vehicle will be displayed on the Google map. In case of accident generate an alert SMS and send it to the nearby RTO or to the owner. Once the database is ready accident prone areas can be located and accordingly alert message can be send to the driver when approaching the radius of the accident prone area. On the microcontroller s side after initializing all the peripherals, real time information is collected by the microcontroller. It then creates a GPRS packet and sends it to the server. Figure9. Flowchart on microcontroller's side Figure10. Flowchart- PC side VII. CONCLUSION Reg. No.: DOI:V3I3P04 Page:8

9 The Proposed system tries to solve many issues of Fleet Management system. Vehicular parameters like speed, latitude, longitude, acceleration in 3-axis are collected and send to the client side application. Thus the issue of rash driving in fleet management can be solved. Also with the help of accelerometer accidents can be detected. To provide faster assistance to the accident prone region, in case of accident an SMS is sent to the hospital. The monitoring station display these information on GUI also stored these information in database for further processing. As a part of analysis fuzzy association rule mining is applied on the database to obtain rules which can be used to avoid collision. REFERENCES [1]. Khondker Shajadul Hasan, Mashiur Rahman, Abul L. Haque, M Abdur Rahman, Tanzil Rahman and M Mahbubur Rasheed, Cost Effective GPS-GPRS Based Object Tracking System, Proceedings of the International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2009 Vol I IMECS 2009, March 18-20, 2009, Hong Kong. [2]. Nilesh Dhawale, Mahesh Garad, Tushar Darwatkar, Nilesh Shende, GPS and GPRS Based Cost Effective Human Tracking System Using Mobile Phones, International Journal of Innovations & Advancement in Computer Science IJIACS ISSN Volume 3, Issue 4 June [3].SeokJu Lee, Girma Tewolde, Jaerock Kwon, Design and Implementation of Vehicle Tracking System Using GPS/GSM/GPRS Technology and Smartphone Application, 2014 IEEE World Forum on Internet of Things. [4]. Devendra Thorat, Kalpesh Dhumal, Aniket Sadaphule, Vikas Arade, A Cost Effective GPS-GPRS Based Women Tracking System and Women Safety Application using Android Mobile, International Journal of Advanced Engineering & Innovative Technology, Volume 1, Issue 1, April-2014, 2-6 [5]. Sathiamoorthy Manoharan, On GPS Tracking of Mobile Devices, 2009 Fifth International Conference on Networking and Services. [6]. Siyuan Liu, Member, IEEE, Lionel M. Ni, Fellow, IEEE, and Ramayya Krishnan, Fraud Detection From Taxis Driving Behaviors, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY, VOL. 63, NO. 1, JANUARY [7]. Article by Darren Griffin, How does GPS works?, Updated 26 th June Reg. No.: DOI:V3I3P04 Page:9

10 [8]. Theoretical and General Applications, Kb_dc_gsm vs gprs.pdf [9]. LPC2141/42/44/46/48 Single-chip 16- bit/32-bit microcontrollers; up to 512 kb flash with ISP/IAP, USB 2.0 full-speed device, 10-bit ADC and DAC, Preliminary data sheet [10].The insider s guide to the Philips ARM7 Based microcontroller, Trevor Martin BSC (hors) CEng. MIEE, Published by Hitex (Uk) Ltd., ISBN , Revised Feb Reg. No.: DOI:V3I3P04 Page:10