Produced locally Improved air quality Renewable resource Simple production process Works in existing infrastructure

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Denis Malone
7 years ago
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1 Produced locally Improved air quality Renewable resource Simple production process Works in existing infrastructure Today s diesel cars and trucks Today s distribution system Today s filling stations

2 !!" #$ %

3 & # '( )* +#, + = Typical Oil, three fatty acid chains attached to glycerol. Methanol Typical Biodiesel (Methyl-Ester) + Cetane typical of petro-diesel Byproduct: Glycerol aka Glycerine

4 & Inputs: Vegetable Oil ( Feedstock ) Methanol/Ethanol Catalyst - Lye (Sodium Hydroxide or Potassium Hydroxide) Water Outputs: Biodiesel Dirty Water Glycerine

5 FEEDSTOCK: Low-FFA Waste Vegetable Oil -. / Screen Triglycerides Free Fatty Acids (FFA) Water Catfish & French Fries Triglycerides FFA Water Catfish & French Fries Methanol Heat & Time Holding/Settling Tank Water NaOH or KOH Triglycerides FFA Heat & Agitation Settling & Separation Transesterification Reactor Glycerin Excess Methanol Methyl Esters (biodiesel) Soaps Diglycerides Monoglycerides Excess Methanol Rev ersible Reaction ~60%? Boost using: Excess Methanol Heat (<148ºF) Pressure Remove some glycerin & biodiesel Methanol Recovery Distillation Glycerin Compost (KOH only) Wash Methyl Esters (biodiesel) Filter Pump & Drive Waste Water Soaps Diglycerides Monoglycerides Excess Methanol Copyright 2007 Brevard Biodiesel

6 $ # Waste Vegetable Oil (WVO) Virgin Vegetable Oil Soy Canola (variety of Europe s Rapeseed) Palm Other: Hemp, Sunflower, Camelina Tallow Human? Algae

7 *$ 0 1 Corn 15 gallons Hemp 31 gallons Soybeans 38 gallons Camelina 50 gallons Sunflowers 82 gallons 0 Rapeseed/Canola 102 gallons Jatropha 162 gallons Oil palm 508 gallons Algae - 20,000 gallons? (LiveFuels Inc.) GreenFuel Inc:Algae in smokestack filter stack

8 * Sustainable source? Palm Oil Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil: rspo.org Will increased biofuel usage minimize human food production? Chemical properties differ for example palm oil based B100 biodiesel will start to gel at about 55 degrees F! Is there enough? In the US we use billion gallons of diesel on our highways each year. We produce ~5 billion gallons of vegetable oil per year.

9 -2 # Batch processing vs. Continuous processing Small Scale / Batch processing / ( Homebrewing ) Appleseed Open Source Reactor (~$ ) FuelMeister (~$3000-$4000) BioPro (50 gallons in 60 hours) (~$8000) Medium/Large Scale Xenerga, Kissimmee, WVO, 5 million gallons per year (MMgy) (~$2,000,000) ADM, North Dakota, Canola, 85 MMgy

1 - open-source design improved upon by community Build-it yourself, $200-$500 Kits: http://www.biodieselwarehouse.com/ http://www.

10 1 - open-source design improved upon by community Build-it yourself, $200-$500 Kits: Range from $200 for hardware less tank/vents, $700 w/tank, $2000 built on-site.

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12 22 #32 Where/How to get Vegetable Oil restaurants, Prefilter WVO Water settles to bottom of waste oil, scoop from top or press oil from seeds: Methanol/Ethanol racing fuel = Methanol Sodium/Potassium Hydroxide Red Devil Lye = NaOH KOH $2-$3/lb at What to do with Glycerine Making soap: Compost? but probably not if NaOH, only KOH

13 22 4 Zoning considerations. For example, City of Melbourne incorporates Florida Fire Prevention Code Limits on storage of material, methanol is one of most concern. Recommend talking to nearest fire station captain before starting to review your plans and configuration. Taxes Federal excise tax: analys is of excise tax re: biodiesel: FL State excise tax:???

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17 6 #7 Roughly $1 per gallon e.g. 10 Mmgy plant costs about $10,000,000 Links to feasibility studies:

19 8 6 Jobs Creation Act of 2004 Up to $1.00 per gallon tax credit (to blender of biodiesel) Energy Policy Act Credits for using Biodiesel in fleets (EPAct) Minnesota requires 2% of diesel in state be biodiesel (2005+) More:

20 51, Biodiesel can be a piece of a comprehensive renewable energy solution. Feedstock selection can impact economic, environmental, and chemical processes. Traditional vegetable oil alone is very unlikely to source the transportation fuel needs of the world. Algae might prove an order of magnitude more important in coming years. 15,000 square miles of algae ponds would be needed to replace all petroleum transportation fuels with biodiesel. $46.2 billion per year for all the algae farms, to yield all the oil feedstock necessary for the entire country. Compare that to the $ billion the US spends each year just on purchasing crude oil from foreign countries, with all of that money leaving the US economy.

WASTE COOKING OIL TO FUEL PROGRAM HOW TO START YOUR OWN BIODIESEL FUEL PROGRAM

WASTE COOKING OIL TO FUEL PROGRAM HOW TO START YOUR OWN BIODIESEL FUEL PROGRAM 1 Syllabus Topic 1: Biodiesel Basics/Fuel Properties Topic 2: Overview of Biodiesel Production Using Waste Oil Topic 3: Feedstock