Tactical Formations and Principles of Play

Transcription

1 Tactical Formations and Principles of Play Effective Date January 1, 2004 Class Length 1 hour 15 minutes Change Summary September 2003 October 2008 November, 2011 October, 2012 Reviewed for 2004 Section Meetings Reviewed for 2009 Section Conferences Reviewed for 2012 Section Meetings Reviewed for 2013 Section Meetings

2 All coaches must understand Tactical Formations and the Principles of Play and have a basic understanding of Systems of Play if they want to be successful. The principles of play are the rules of engagement that support the basic objectives of soccer. The systems of play portion of this session will give all coaches a better understanding of how to maximize the abilities of their players. 2. Class Length 1 Hour and 15 minutes 3. Instructor Requirements Advanced Coach Instructor 4. Learning Objectives Coaches gain an understanding of: Objectives of the Game Attacking Objectives Defending Objectives Principles of Play The Principles of Play support the Objectives of Play Systems of Play 5. Student Skills Acquired Fundamental understanding of: The Objectives of the Game The Principles of Play Systems of Play

3 6. Prerequisites None 7. Materials Power Point Presentation which is preloaded to meeting laptop and is available on along with lesson plan 8. Equipment LCD projector, screen and laptop Flip Chart and markers 9. Special Instructor Notes Time will be your enemy. You will not have time to tell war stories. The coaches in attendance experience may vary greatly but stay the course and cover the material in the lesson. 10. Body (Lesson Procedure) Introduction: Brief bio of instructors and introduce any guests in attendance Principles of Play Coaches must understand the "principles of play" if they want to be successful. The principles of play are "the rules of action that support the basic objectives of soccer." In other words, they are the foundation of your coaching strategy. Youth players, in general, are not concerned with principles of play. Their main interest is scoring. Basically, they want to put the ball in the back of the net more times than their opponents. As a coach, you need to help your players understand the principles of play so they will appreciate the entire game of soccer. The principles of play also serve as a set of permanent criteria you can use to evaluate the efforts of your team. In soccer, there are no absolute correct decisions, and you cannot always judge how well your team is playing by the results.

4 Opponents may be strong or weak. From one moment to the next, the score may not be an accurate reflection of how well your team is playing. You need to have a standard method of assessing your team from moment to moment - a measuring stick. The principles of play will be your measuring stick. There are five attacking and five defending principles of play. However, before a player can begin to understand the attacking and defending principles of play each must understand the objectives of play (the game). Objectives of the Game There are only two types of objectives: Attacking and Defending Attacking Objectives: Defending Objectives: Score Advance Maintain possession Stop scoring Delay the attack Regain possession Which is the most important objective? Attacking or Defending? It all depends! On what? The relative position of: The ball The player (with the ball) Their teammates Their opponents The time

5 Principles of Play support the Objectives of the Game SIMPLY PUT: The principles of play will help you achieve your objectives. Look at it this way for now. Your playing objective for every game is to score more goals than you give up. How you do that will depend on how strong your principles of play are or how weak your opponent's principles of play are. Start with this: The Principles of Play is your coaching introduction to tactics. You want an even bigger challenge? Teach your players' PARENTS the principles of play. Attacking Principle Definitions Penetration Advancing the ball past opposing players by shooting, dribbling, running, passing or using 2 v 1 situations. Depth Supporting teammates by reading the game, providing strong communication, creating safe options and opportunities for advancement, and creating numerical superiority. Mobility Creating attacking opportunities through change in position, movement off the ball, and creating numerical advantage. Width Attacking on a broad front stretching the defense and creating space, isolating defenders to 1 v 1 and creating opportunities for through-balls. Creativity Individual flair achieved by takeovers, overlaps, diagonal runs, and blind side runs.

6 Defending Principle Definitions Delay Slowing down the attack by closing the gap and denying space to allow the defense to get organized. Depth Assisting the defense by providing strong communication, reading the attack, and creating numerical superiority. Balance Reading the attack and providing an equal or greater number of defenders than attackers at the point of attack while simultaneously covering the vital area near the goal. Concentration Compressing or restricting (shepherding) the attack into a confined area making it more predictable and easily defended. Composure Patience to delay and wait for support, discipline to play ball-side goal-side to take away shooting opportunities. ATTACKING PRINCIPLES Penetration Depth Mobility Width Creativity Countered by Countered by Countered by Countered by Countered by DEFENDING PRINCIPLES Delay Depth Balance Concentration Composure

7 Systems of Play The evolution of soccer has made it crucial that a soccer coach understand the different systems of play to determine which system best fit the team. Simply put, suit a system to available talent. No system will overcome a lack of basic skills. The coach must assess players' mental and physical abilities before choosing a system. The coach must know the team before a system can be chosen. Players, not team formations, win games. If this were not true, two opposing teams using the same system would always tie. However, two teams that run the same system will emphasize their individual team strengths so that they may play entirely different. Sad but true, many regions still are playing 11 vs. 11 in the younger divisions. The problem is that younger players do not have the ability to play any system until they are experienced enough to see what is happening in the entire game and to anticipate how play unfolds. If players are unable to hit a ball 20 yards, it is unreasonable to ask them to execute a 30-yard cross. So with young players, don't expect too much too soon, and choose a system that fits the team, not a system that fits the coach. During the search for a system that fits the team, the coach must remember that flexibility, not regimentation, is the key to choosing a system. When coaching young players, the ability of the players, style of the coach, and strength of the opposition will alter the system. As with principles of play, the coach should complete some basic groundwork for choosing a system of play. The coach must think about the field. The coach must remember that at each game the team must score and defend. The final question that must be asked is what are the strengths and weaknesses of the players on the team. Fields -Are they narrow or wide? Are they soft or hard? Are they fast or slow? These are only a few of the questions that each coach should answer concerning fields before choosing a system. Why ask these questions? First, if the field is narrow, you may not want to run four strikers, it may cause congestion in the attacking area - little chance to penetrate. However, if you are playing defense on a narrow field, you may want to pack it with four defenders.

8 Each team must score and defend every time they play - most goals are scored from inside the scoring zones. The team must look to succeed in scoring zones at both ends of the field. Strengths and weaknesses of the players - It is important, at the youth level of soccer, that all players are introduced to every position (not in every game). However, when you have chosen a formation, they must understand what will be required from each player at each position. Match your players to the major characteristics required in the different positions. Characteristics by Position Defenders 1. Goalkeeper: Has agility, sure hands, the courage to pounce on the ball in a congested area, and comes out to challenge breakaways. Also has the ability to distribute the ball and direct the defense. 2. Sweeper (roving defender at the back end of some defensive alignments): They are very fast, dependable, and have a better than average understanding of tactics. 3. Have sufficient speed to cover opposing players, tackling skills, determination to win the ball, strong leg for goal-kicks, accurate clearing passes, and the ability to head opposition corner-kicks out of danger. Midfielders They have stamina for continuous running and the desire to win the ball. They support the offense with accurate passes and long shots on goal, hustle to get back to help defense, while exhibiting strong throw-in techniques, knowledge, and aggressiveness. Forwards - Attackers 1. Wingers: Speed and ability to cross the ball (pass it accurately into the middle). Wingers should also be able to put corner-kicks into the heart of the penalty-area and create space (running without or off the ball). 2. Strikers: They show a strong desire to score and are persistent. They also have good ball handling skills, are powerful, have speed and take an accurate shot. Remember, no system will overcome a lack of basic skills. The following are a few of the commonly used youth soccer systems.

9 Soccer Systems Assume the presence of a goalkeeper and arrangement of the players in three positions: defenders, midfielders, and forwards. The following gives the number of defenders first, followed by midfielders and then forwards System 1. Center midfielder becomes an attacking player. 2. Wing midfielders are defenders and attackers. 3. Powerful attack, usually one more forward than defender. 4. Midfielders must be good defensively. 5. Defenders must have a high work-rate capability and must work well with midfielders and other defenders System 1. Four midfield players given attacking or defensive responsibilities. 2. Gives good control of midfield. 3. If your opponent uses 4-2-4, then you have one less player on defense than opponent has on offense and vice versa. 4. Help is essential from midfield on both attacking and defending System 1. Common 11-a-side formation. 2. Used to attack a 3-defender system. 3. Good attacking power and adequate midfield control. 4. Midfielder help required on defense. 5. Requires good defensive play.

10 4-4-2 System 1. Fosters a direct attack. 2. High pressure and good transition opportunities. 3. The furthest forward must be a strong player who plays well with her back to the goal. 4. It demands great attacking effort from every player. 5. This system lends itself better to high level teams that are already capable of implementing strikes through wing play System 1. Center midfielder must support attack while other midfielders assume defensive coverage. 2. Defenders must also assume attacking responsibility. 3. Allows good player movement. 4. Demands high work-rate in midfield. Remember, suit system to available talent. No system will overcome a lack of basic skills. The coach must assess the players' mental and physical abilities before choosing a system. The coach must know the team before a system can be chosen. Players, not team formations, win games. When playing short sided (fewer than eleven); simply reducing the members proportionally can still employ the principles of these systems. For example, a could become a for 8-a-side.

11 11. Conclusion (Closure) So now you have a better working knowledge of the "principles of play" and you will be very successful. Just remember the principles of play are "the rules of action that support the basic objectives of soccer." In other words, they are the foundation of your coaching strategy. Opponents may be strong or weak. From one moment to the next, the score may not be an accurate reflection of how well your team is playing. You need to have a standard method of assessing your team from moment to moment - a measuring stick. The principles of play will be your measuring stick. Keep in mind the five attacking and five defending principles of play at every match and at every training session. Objectives of the Game are also critical Attacking Objectives: Score Advance Maintain possession Defending Objectives: Stop scoring Delay the attack Regain possession Principles of Play support the Objectives of the Game SIMPLY PUT: The principles of play will help you achieve your objectives. And always remember, suit system to available talent. No system will overcome a lack of basic skills. 12. Confirmation (Testing, Assessment, Evaluation) None 13. Bridge (Transition) None

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