United States Government Unit 1 Vocabulary Objectives:

Transcription

1 United States Government Unit 1 Vocabulary Objectives: At the end of the lesson, each student should be able to: 1A explain major political ideas in history, including the laws of nature and nature's God, unalienable rights, divine right of kings, social contract theory, and the rights of resistance to illegitimate government; 1B identify major intellectual, philosophical, political, and religious traditions that informed the American founding, including Judeo- Christian (especially biblical law), English common law and constitutionalism, Enlightenment, and republicanism, as they address issues of liberty, rights, and responsibilities of individuals; 1C identify the individuals whose principles of laws and government institutions informed the American founding documents, including those of Moses, William Blackstone, John Locke, and Charles de Montesquieu; 1D identify the contributions of the political philosophies of the Founding Fathers, including John Adams, Alexander Hamilton, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, John Jay, George Mason, Roger Sherman, and James Wilson, on the development of the U.S. government; 1E examine debates and compromises that impacted the creation of the founding documents; and 1F identify significant individuals in the field of government and politics, including George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, John Marshall, Andrew Jackson, Abraham Lincoln, Theodore Roosevelt, Franklin D. Roosevelt, and Ronald Reagan. 2A give examples of the processes used by individuals, political parties, interest groups, or the media to affect public policy; and 2B analyze the impact of political changes brought about by individuals, political parties, interest groups, or the media, past and present. 5A explain how government fiscal, monetary, and regulatory policies influence the economy at the local, state, and national levels; 5B identify the sources of revenue and expenditures of the U. S. government and analyze their impact on the U.S. economy; 5C compare the role of government in the U.S. free enterprise system and other economic systems; and 5D understand how government taxation and regulation can serve as restrictions to private enterprise. 7A explain the importance of a written constitution; 7B evaluate how the federal government serves the purposes set forth in the Preamble to the U.S. Constitution; 7C analyze how the Federalist Papers such as Number 10, Number 39, and Number 51 explain the principles of the American constitutional system of government; 7D evaluate constitutional provisions for limiting the role of government, including republicanism, checks and balances, federalism, separation of powers, popular sovereignty, and individual rights; 7E describe the constitutionally prescribed procedures by which the U.S. Constitution can be changed and analyze the role of the amendment process in a constitutional government; 7F identify how the American beliefs and principles reflected in the Declaration of Independence and the U.S. Constitution contribute to both a national identity and federal identity and are embodied in the United States today; and 7G examine the reasons the Founding Fathers protected religious freedom in America and guaranteed its free exercise by saying that "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof," and compare and contrast this to the phrase, "separation of church and state." 9A explain why the Founding Fathers created a distinctly new form of federalism and adopted a federal system of government instead of a unitary system; 9B categorize government powers as national, state, or shared; 9C analyze historical and contemporary conflicts over the respective roles of national and state governments; and 9D understand the limits on the national and state governments in the U.S. federal system of government. Section 1: Government Principles and Types of Government State Nation

2 Sovereignty Essential features of a state Origin of Government Evolution Theory Force Theory Divine Theory Social Contract Theory Unitary System Federal System Types of Government Autocracy 12A Monarchy 12A

3 Constitutional Monarchy 12A Oligarchy 12A Theocracy 12A Democracy 12A Direct Democracy 12A Representative Democracy 12A Characteristics of Democracy Section 2 Origins of the U. S. Government Magna Carta Petition of Right English Bill of Rights Representative Government

4 Early Colonial Governments Colonial Legislatures Separation of Powers Declaration of Independence Section 3 Articles of Confederation Confederation Articles of Confederation Problems with the Articles of Confederation Unicameral Bicameral Government Layout Congressional Powers

5 Northwest Ordinance Set up governmental Departments Weakness of the Articles of Confederation Growing problems Shays s Rebellion Constitutional Convention of 1787 Section 4 The U. S. Constitution Key Players Organization & Agreement The Virginia Plan The New Jersey Plan The Connecticut Compromise

6 The 3/5 ths Compromise Commerce and Slave Trade Compromise Anti Federalists & Federalists Anti Federalists Federalists Ratification First Government Constitution Structure Preamble We the People of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union, establish justice, ensure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America. Article 1 Article 2

7 Article 3 Article 4 Article 5 Article 6 Article 7 Major Principles Popular Sovereignty Federalism Separation of Powers Checks and Balances Judicial Review Limited Government

8 Federal System Implied powers Inherent Powers Reserved Powers The Supremacy Clause Concurrent Powers Denied Powers Guarantees to the States Admission of new States Procedure for admission