Cornell Notes. Divide the paper into three sections. Draw a dark line about 5 or 6 lines from the bottom.

Transcription

1 CORNELL NOTES

2 Cornell Notes Divide the paper into three sections. Draw a dark line about 5 or 6 lines from the bottom. Draw a dark vertical line about 2 inches from the left side of the paper from the top to the horizontal line.

3 KEY POINTS TOPIC NOTES Topic On the top line, write the topic about which you will be taking notes Notes The large box to the right is for writing notes. Skip a line between ideas and topics. Don't use complete sentences- use abbreviations whenever possible. Key Points Pull out main ideas, key points, dates, and people, and write them in the left column.

4 Summary Write a summary of the main ideas in the bottom section in complete sentences. SUMMARY

5 Does this make sense to you? Probably not, but it does to John Q. Student, and that's all that matters!

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8 Let s Practice On the next few slides, you are going to practice taking Cornell Notes about Augustus Caesar and Pax Romana Reminders: Record what you think is important in the NOTES section Highlight key points and write them in the KEY POINTS part Be ready to summarize what you read and learned!

9 Gaius Octavius Thurinus This was the given name of the boy who would grow up to be the first emperor of Rome His father was a senator and governor His mother was the grandniece of Julius Caesar Because his parents both died when he was young, he was raised by this grandmother, Julius Caesar s sister At the age of 16, he took over control of his family s responsibilities. That same year, he went to fight along his uncle in Spain. On the voyage, his boat wrecked and he was forced to survive behind enemy lines. So impressed by his abilities, Julius Caesar made him his heir. 9

10 After the Civil War with Antony Augustus chose the title of first citizen. Only Augustus, his friends, and family controlled the army. Candidates for elected office were selected by Augustus. Drew from the educated and experienced members of the Senate for government positions, making the Senate more about civic duty. He bribed reluctant senators and government officials using the booty he took from Cleopatra. Gave games and food to the lower classes. 10

11 Once in charge Since Augustus picked, paid, and evaluated the performances of his governors and other government officials, he was able to ensure fair and ethical governments in the provinces. This was a change from previous governors who only served themselves. Governmental officials collected taxes, not governors, cutting down on corruption and abuse. 11

12 Return to Gravitas Augustus wanted to reform Roman morals by restoring the old values of gravitas. He lived a modest life, dressing in homemade white togas and residing in a small home. He was even known to travel without bodyguards throughout the city; usually on horseback. He also banished those who were corrupt in his government. To protect the emperor, he established a private army, called the Praetorian Guard. 12

13 Summary What is the key information needed to summarize the life of Augustus Caesar? Should include details from all four section of notes. 13

14 Pax Romana (27 B.C.E C.E.) 14

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16 Pax Romana (Roman Peace) For 207 years (27 BCE- 180 CE), Rome experienced a period of peace and prosperity During this time period, the borders of the empire expanded to the size of the US. The population of the empire was million people (one million in Rome) This time period began when Augustus became the first emperor of Rome 16

17 Trade & Transportation A silver Roman coin, called the denarius, made trade between different parts of the empire much easier by providing a single system of currency (money) The elimination of taxes between each province s border made Roman lands one large economic empire A program of highway construction improved transportation within the empire Communication improved with the Cursus Publicus, a pony express type mail service. Trade expanded from Britain to Egypt, the Crimea, India, Sri Lanka, and even China. 17

18 Public Building Marvels such as Rome s roads and bridges were made possible through the use of a new building material: concrete Augustus completed grand construction projects, commissioning Greek artists and architects to build more than 80 temples throughout the city Beautification projects, I found Rome a city of clay, but left it a city of marble. 18

19 Civil Service Augustus left the senators their titles, but he gave much of the real work of running the empire to plebeians and slaves He set up a civil service with salaried experienced workers to take care of Rome s grain supply, road repairs, postal system, etc. Police force in the countryside to protect travelers and traders Established a special tax to pay for veterans (this helped the army become loyal to the Emperor, as opposed to the generals). People of all ranks served in this civil service 19

20 Change in thinking Revival in religion and morals, this was a way to explain the chaos of the previous 100 years. Passed laws against adulterers and other who were thought to have poor moral character. Banished his own daughter for the offense. Passed laws encouraging people to have more children, families with more than three children would receive monetary and societal benefits. Childless couples would lose their land to the state after their deaths. In 29 BC, the Senate formally closed the temple of Janus, the god who presided over the beginnings of 20 wars. (This only lasted a few months.)

21 Summary What is the key information needed to summarize Pax Romana? Should include details from all five section of notes. 21