Agricultural Revolution P A V I N G T H E W A Y F O R T H E I N D U S T R I A L R E V O L U T I O N!

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1 Agricultural Revolution P A V I N G T H E W A Y F O R T H E I N D U S T R I A L R E V O L U T I O N!

2 Agricultural Revolution Took place in England from about Increased productivity of food Allowed the Industrial Revolution to happen Started with the Enclosure Movement

3 Enclosure Movement Farms in England during the Middle Ages had been mostly communal, or shared. People shared the land and let their animals graze in common pastures. By the 1700s, rich landlords began buying up and fencing in the land, forcing poor farmers to give up their farms. Those poor farmers moved to cities and began working in the newly built factories.

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5 Crop-Rotation In the Middle Ages, farmers used three-field crop rotation. A farmer s field was split in three. Two were planted with two different grains, while the third was left empty (fallow) so it could regain its nutrients.

6 Three-Field Crop Rotation BARLEY WHEAT FALLOW WHEAT FALLOW BARLEY Year One Year Two FALLOW BARLEY WHEAT Year Three

7 Four-Field Crop Rotation In the 1600s, farmers in Flanders (modern day Belgium) discovered that planting clover in the fallow field made it even more fertile. Then clover the could be used to feed animals. In 1730, a British aristocrat named Charles Townshend brought the idea to England and introduced turnips to the rotation as well. He was known as Turnip Townshend after that.

8 Four-Field Crop Rotation turnips wheat wheat clover barley clover barley turnips turnips barley Year Two clover wheat clover barley Year One Year Three wheat turnips Year Four

9 New Inventions Meanwhile, new devices were being invented to make farming easier and more productive. These included: The seed drill (1701) The iron plow (1730) The threshing machine (1786)

10 New Crops Corn and potatoes were imported from the New World. Corn yielded 20 times more seeds than wheat. Potatoes thrived in Northern Europe, where wheat crops would often fail.

11 Effects Enclosure = People Move to Cities More Food = More People New Factories Industrial Revolution!

12 Beginning of the Industrial Revolution

13 Agricultural Revolution Enclosure Movement Wealthy landlords fenced in common pastures and experimented with new farming technology. Villages lost common lands and political power, peasants became poorer. Crop Rotation Fields depleted of nutrients by one crop replenished by planting different crops. Fields not left fallow (empty)

14 Agricultural Revolution Other Discoveries Seed drill planted seeds efficiently New crops: corn & potato Results of Agricultural Revolution More food available Population increased

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17 What do you see in this picture? Where are they working? What will they do with the yarn and cloth they are making?

18 Cottage Industry Merchants role in Cottage Industry Supplied materials wool & cotton to cottages to be carded and spun. Took supplies from spinning cottage to weaving cottage to dying cottage to sell finished cloth. Merchants sell product for more than material and labor costs = profit + larger investments = higher profits. Effects of the Cottage Industry Big profits for new class of merchants Alternative source of income for peasants

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21 What do you see in this picture? What are the machines doing? What are the people doing? What would be an advantage of this?

22 Textile Industry & Factory System Textile Industry Invented Cottage Industry couldn t keep up with the demand for textiles. Spinning jenny improved spinning. Flying shuttle sped up weaving. Rise of Factories New machines, too big for homes, put into factories. Factories located near power source: coal, iron, water.

23 Textile Industry & Factory System Effects of Textile Factories in Britain Prices of mass-produced textiles were lower Britain's textile industry increased enormously Majority of villagers forced to leave to find work in urban factories

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26 Energy Steam Engine Factories could leave rivers Improved inventions in all industries.

27 Transportation Need better transportation Stone and asphalt roads. Canals Railroads Transportation becomes cheaper & profits rise.

28 Spread By 1851 United States, Germany, Belgium, and France also began to industrialize.