Use Target Reading Skills

Transcription

1 Reptiles (pp ) This section describes adaptations that enable reptiles to live their entire lives on land. It also explains the characteristics of the major groups of reptiles and what may have caused the extinction of dinosaurs. Use Target Reading Skills When you compare and contrast, you examine the similarities and differences between things. Use the table below to compare and contrast the characteristics of alligators and snakes. Alligators and Snakes How They Move What They Eat Whether They Care for Their Young Alligators a. b. c. Snakes d. e. f. 232

2 Adaptations for Life on Land (pp ) 1. What is a reptile? 2. Circle the letter of the animal that is NOT a reptile. a. snake b. alligator c. lizard d. salamander 3. Is the following sentence true or false? Reptiles were the first vertebrates to be well adapted to live their entire lives on land. 4. Reptiles get their oxygen from the, and they breathe entirely with. 5. What are two functions of a reptile s scaly skin? 6. How do the kidneys keep reptiles from losing water? 7. What adaptations does a reptile s egg have to keep it from drying out? Diversity of Reptiles (pp ) 8. What characteristics do both lizards and snakes have? 9. Circle the letter of each characteristic that snakes have. a. no legs b. jawbones that spread wide apart c. no lungs d. teeth that help them capture prey 233

3 Reptiles (continued) 10. Is the following sentence true or false? All snakes are carnivores. 11. Is the following sentence true or false? All snakes have venom glands. 12. Describe how snakes move. 13. Is the following sentence true or false? Alligators, crocodiles, and their relatives are the largest living reptiles. 14. Complete the Venn diagram to show the similarities and differences between alligators and crocodiles. Alligators Crocodiles Broad, rounded snouts Carnivore Most teeth visible when mouth is shut 234

4 15. How do alligators and crocodiles care for their young? 16. What is a turtle? 17. Is the following sentence true or false? All turtles can pull their head, legs, and tail inside their shell. 18. Instead of teeth, turtles have sharp-edged. Extinct Reptiles The Dinosaurs (p. 479) 19. Circle the letter of each sentence that is true about dinosaurs. a. They became extinct about 65 million years ago. b. Some dinosaurs might have been endotherms. c. Dinosaurs were the earliest vertebrates to have legs positioned directly under their bodies. d. Most carnivorous dinosaurs walked on four legs. 20. What might have caused the extinction of dinosaurs? 235

5 Structure and Function of Plants Reading/Notetaking Guide Reproduction in Seed Plants (pp ) This section gives examples of the group of seed plants known as gymnosperms and angiosperms and describes their features and how they reproduce. Use Target Reading Skills After reading the section, complete the two cycle diagrams. One represents the life cycle of gymnosperms, and the other represents the life cycle of angiosperms. Life Cycle of a Gymnosperm 1. A pine tree produces and cones. 2b. Each scale on a female cone has two at its bases. 7. disperses the pine seeds. A seed grows into a and then into a tree. 2a. A male cone produces, which contain cells that will mature into. 3. In time, two form inside each ovule. 4. The wind scatters. Some become trapped in a sticky substance produced by the ovule. 6. The ovule develops into a. The fertilized egg becomes the. Other parts of the ovule develop into the. 5. The ovule closes, and a pollen grain produces a that grows into the ovule. A moves through the tube and fertilizes the. Life Cycle of an Angiosperm 1. An apple tree produces. 2b. Inside the ovary, an is produced in each ovule. 2a. The cells in the produce pollen grains. 3. are trapped on the. 7. A grows into a new plant. 4. The pollen grain produces a pollen tube that grows into the. A moves through the pollen tube and. 6. The develops into a that encloses the seeds. The fruit helps in. 5. The develops into seed. The fertilized egg becomes the. Other parts of the ovule develop into the. 189

6 Structure and Function of Plants Reading/Notetaking Guide Reproduction in Seed Plants (continued) Gymnosperms (pp ) 1. What is a gymnosperm? 2. Is the following sentence true or false? Gymnosperms have seeds that are not enclosed by a fruit. 3. Is the following sentence true or false? Gymnosperms have needle-like or scalelike leaves and deep-growing root systems. Gymnosperm Life Cycle (pp ) 4. Most gymnosperms have reproductive structures called. 5. Is the following sentence true or false? Male cones contain ovules at the base of each scale. 6. A structure that contains an egg cell is a(n). 7. What happens during pollination? 8. Is the following sentence true or false? In gymnosperms, wind often carries the pollen from the male cones to the female cones. 9. Is the following sentence true or false? All of a gymnosperm s seeds will grow into new plants. Angiosperms (p. 392) 10. A plant that produces seeds that are enclosed in a fruit is called a(n). 11. List two characteristics of angiosperms. a. b. 190

7 Structure and Function of Plants Reading/Notetaking Guide The Structure of Flowers (pp ) 12. Label the parts of the flower in this diagram. b. e. a. c. f. h. g. d. i. 13. What are pollinators? Angiosperm Life Cycle (pp ) 14. Is the following sentence true or false? All angiosperms rely on wind for pollination. 15. Describe the fertilization process. Types of Angiosperms (p. 396) 16. List the two major groups of angiosperms. a. b. 17. What are three ways in which monocots and dicots differ? Seed Plants in Everyday Life (p. 397) 18. Circle the letter of each product that conifers provide. a. fruit b. paper c. turpentine d. cotton fibers 19. Is the following sentence true or false? Angiosperms are an important source of food for other organisms. 191