REVIEW OF TEMPORAL LOBE STRUCTURES STS
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1 REVIEW OF TEMPORAL LOBE STRUCTURES STS - remember the,, and temporal gyri. - the superior temporal sulcus (STS). - the lateral fissure. - medial temporal lobe structures include the, and (with associated cortex including uncus, subiculum, entorhinal cortex, perirhinal cortex). - Area TE = Brodmann s 20, 21 & 38 (middle & inferior temp. gyri). - Parahippocampal gyrus = area TF and TH. 1
2 TEMPORAL LOBE FUNCTIONS Sensory Inputs to Temporal lobe: 1. ; 2.. Temporal cortical regions and functional correlates: 1. Within lateral fissure (superior surface of lateral fissure): a) Heschel s gyri ( ). b) posterior to Heschel s gyri ( ). c) Planum temporale (secondary auditory cortex; Wernicke s area - specialized in ). 2
3 Temporal cortical regions and functional correlates (continued): 2. Superior temporal sulcus, middle and inferior temporal gyrus (area TE):. 3. Ventral/medial surface of temporal lobe (hippocampus and associated cortex):. - the ventral/medial surface of the temporal lobe is also associated with the amygdala. Together with the surrounding ventral/medial temporal lobe, the amygdala is involved in. Hemispheric specialization : 1. Left hemisphere: a) ; b). 2. Right hemisphere: a) ; b) ; c). 3
4 Symptoms associated with temporal lobe damage 1. Disturbance of auditory sensation and perception: - most likely observed after. - left auditory cortex lesion impairs sound discrimination involved in. - right auditory cortex lesion impairs sound discrimination involved in. 2. Disturbance of selective attention to auditory and visual inputs: - most likely observed after. - auditory attention deficits detected with. - left temporal lobe damage produce significant bilateral impairment in. - right temporal lobe damage produce significant bilateral impairment in. 3. Disorders of visual perception: - particularly significant impairments after. - have problems recognizing. - have problems interpreting. - What is the problem of equivalence? 4. Impaired organization and categorization of verbal material: - most likely observed after. - use of categories (animals, vehicle, etc.) appears difficult if not 4 impossible in patients with.
5 Perception of faces generally performed by (dominant) Most individuals chose as being more like A (falls on left visual field - right hemisphere). 5
6 Symptoms associated with temporal lobe damage (continued) 5. Disturbance of language comprehension: - often observed after. - apparent disruption to. 6. Impaired long-term memory: - observed following temporal lobe damage, including the. - left damage disrupts memory of. - right damage disrupts memory for. - usually produces anterograde amnesia for. 6
7 Symptoms associated with temporal lobe damage (continued) 7. Altered personality and affective behaviors: - observed following. - Penfield observed, in some of his patients, signs of upon electrical stimulation of ventral/medial temporal lobe sites. - personality characteristics that sometime accompany temporal lobe epilepsy or lobectomy include pedantic speech, egocentricity, perseveration on personal problems, paranoia, and some aggressive outbursts. - such alterations may be observed more often with. 8. Altered sexual behavior: - observed in rare cases of bilateral temporal lobectomy, involving. - patients can display, and other signs of temporal lobe disturbances. - originally described by. 7
8 More detailed disorders of visual perception 1. Visual object agnosia subdivisions: a) Apperceptive agnosia:. - inability to recognize, copy (agnosia for drawing), or match simple shapes. - observed following bilateral damage to. b) Associative agnosia:. - for instance, these patients can copy drawings rather accurately. - related to loss of stored information about objects. - associated with ventral visual stream in middle and inferior temporal gyri and STS. 2. Prosopagnosia:. - usually involves bilateral damage of the. Intelligence, as measured by IQ tests, is typically reduced in patients with temporal lobe damage. 8
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