7 th & 8 th Grade Science
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1 I believe that this nation should commit itself to achieving the goal, before this decade is out, of landing a man on the moon and returning him safely to the earth President John F. Kennedy, th & 8 th Grade Science Unit 7 Chapter 20B: Early Space Missions
2 The Space Race I. When did space exploration begin? A II. Who was the space race between? A. The Soviet Union (Russia) and the United States III. What was the purpose of going into space? A. Exploration B. Scientific Research C. Setup up military outposts or spy capabilities (Cold War) IV. Stages of the Space Race A. Part 1 Unmanned satellites to determine orbits B. Part 2 Unmanned space probes (instruments) to explore the environment and other planets C. Part 3 Unmanned rockets D. Part 4 Animal manned rockets E. Part 5 Human manned rockets
3 The Establishment of NASA A. NASA the National Aeronautics and Space Administration 1. Began October 1, 1958 by President Dwight D. Eisenhower B. Seven Major Programs of NASA 1. Human Space Flight a. Project Mercury b. Project Gemini c. Project Apollo 2. Robotic Missions (moon and other planets) 3. Aeronautics Research (safety, reliability, efficiency, & speed) 4. Satellites (information gathering) 5. Communication & Weather Satellites 6. Orbital Workshop (Space Station) 7. A Reusable Spacecraft
4 Satellites A. Natural Satellites in Space 1. Moon (Earth) 2. Earth and other planets (Sun) B. The Space Race began with the launch of Sputnik I 1. Launched October 4, 1957 by the Soviet Union 2. World s first artificial satellite 3. Orbited the earth emitting a radio signal 4. Orbited for 57 days then burned up in the earth s atmosphere C. Satellite any object that revolves around another object 1. Satellites and Gravity: When a satellite enters space it travels in a straight line unless a force like gravity pulls on it. Earth s gravity pulls on a satellite as the satellite is traveling at a certain speed in space. The resulting path is an orbit. D. Orbit a curved path around an object.
5 Satellite Orbit
6 Launch of Sputnik I
7 Satellite Uses A. Moon example of a natural satellite of earth. B. Uses of Artificial Satellites 1. Transmit radio signals 2. Transmit television signals, cable 3. Gather scientific data 4. Help predict weather across the globe 5. Transmit cell phone signals 6. Global Positioning System 7. Track military movements
8 Space Probes A. Space Probe an instrument that gathers information and sends it back to earth. 1. Travel in or out of our solar system 2. Carry cameras, data-gathering equipment, and radio transmitters and receivers
9 The Race to the Moon A. Soviet Union became the first to put a human being in space. 1. Yuri A. Gagarin (1961)
10 Project Mercury A. Project Mercury ( ) 1. Unmanned and Manned spaceflights 2. 1 single astronaut aboard 3. Vehicle Redstone Rocket/Atlas Rocket B. Purposes: (Can Humans Survive in Space?) 1. Orbit a piloted spacecraft around the Earth. 2. Bring the piloted spacecraft safely back to the Earth. C. Important Astronauts 1. Alan B. Shepard a. May 5, 1961 the first U.S. citizen in space 2. John Glenn b the first U.S. citizen to orbit the Earth
11 Mercury Space Capsule
12 Mercury 7 Astronauts Alan Shepard & John Glenn
13 Inside the Friendship 7 Space Capsule
14 A. Project Gemini ( ) 1. Manned spaceflight 2. 2 astronauts aboard 3. Vehicle Titan Rocket Project Gemini B. Purposes: (Space Operations) 1. The rendezvous and docking of two spacecraft in space. 2. Extravehicular Activity (EVA) working outside the spacecraft in a protective space suit.
15 Project Gemini
16 Inside the Gemini Space Capsule
17 Project Apollo A. Project Apollo ( ) 1. Manned spaceflight 3 man crew 2. Vehicle Saturn V Rocket 3. Six missions to the moon (Apollo 11-17) a. 200 samples of rock and soil b. Lunar Rover Vehicle (Apollo 15-17) B. Purposes: 1. Exploration of the Moon C. July 20, 1969: Apollo 11 First Moon Landing 1. Neil Armstrong LEM Pilot, 1 st man on moon 2. Edwin Buzz Aldrin Mission Commander, 2 nd man on moon 3. Michael Collins CSM Pilot
18 Parts of the Apollo Program A. Command & Service Module (CSM) 1. Apollo space capsule astronaut living quarters 2. Service Module engines, fuel tanks, life support systems B. Lunar Excursion Module (LEM) 1. Ascent Stage astronaut living quarters & ascent engine 2. Descent Stage descent engine, fuel tanks, life support systems C. Saturn V Rocket
19 Apollo Command and Service Module
20 Command & Service Module in Orbit
21 Lunar Excursion Module
22 Lunar Rover Vehicle
23 Comparison
24 Saturn V Rocket
25 Stages of the Saturn V Saturn V Launch
26 Apollo 11 Emblem What symbolism do you see in this emblem? How is this emblem different from others we have looked at?
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