PRESSURE-TREATED WOOD IN THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT

Transcription

1 Title PRESSURE-TREATED WOOD IN THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT. Peddrick Weis Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory UMDNJ N. J. Medical School Newark, NJ Judith S. Weis Dept. of Biological Sciences Rutgers University Newark, NJ Research supported by N.O.A.A. (Est.Res.Reserve Prog. & Office of Sea Grant), U.S.D.A., U.S.E.P.A., Del. Ctr. Inland Bays, and Plastics Recycling Foundation

2 CCA-TREATED WOOD IN ESTUARIES

3 (From Weis, J.S., and P. Weis (1992). J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 161: )

4 LEACHING FROM CCA WOOD: UPTAKE AND EFFECTS ON EPIBIOTA

5 FIELD STUDIES - EPIBIOTA

6 EPIBIOTA - OYSTERS From Weis, Weis & Couch, Dis. Aquat. Org. 17: 41-46

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8 OYSTER Digestive gland metaplasia

9 HISTOPATHOLOGY Digestive gland metaplasia From Weis, Weis & Couch, Dis. Aquat. Org. 17:

10 GENOTOXICOLOGY Micronuclei in oyster gill cells Micronuclei per 1000 cells Reference Canal * Transplants- 4.50* *Signif. By t-test From Weis et al, Mar. Environ. Res. 39: , 1995

11 EXPERIMENTAL PANELS 1. DEVELOPMENT OF EPIBIOTIC COMMUNITY 2. METAL UPTAKE BY BIOTA

12 GROWTH ON PANELS - 1 From Weis, J.S., & P. Weis (1992). Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 83:

13 GROWTH ON PANELS - 2 From Weis, J.S., & P. Weis (1999). Mar. Environ. Res. 48: 73-81

14 GROWTH ON PANELS - 3 From Weis, J.S., & P. Weis (1999). Mar. Environ. Res. 48:

15 GROWTH ON PANELS - 4 From Weis, J.S., & P. Weis (1995). Mar. Environ. Res. 41:

16 GROWTH ON PANELS - 5 From Weis, J.S., & P. Weis (1995). Mar. Environ. Res. 41: 15-25

17 EPIBIOTA: CONCLUSIONS UPTAKE BY RESIDENT ORGANISMS TOXIC EFFECTS IN OYSTERS GENOTOXIC AND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL SETTLEMENT OF EPIBIOTA ON EXPERIMENTAL PANELS DELAYED UPTAKE AND EFFECTS GREATEST FROM NEW WOOD AND IN POORLY FLUSHED CONDITIONS

18 SEDIMENTS AND BENTHOS

19 FIELD STUDIES - SEDIMENT From Weis, J.S., & P. Weis (1994). Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 26:

20 FIELD STUDIES BENTHOS 2 From Weis, J.S., & P. Weis (1994). Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 26:

21 FIELD STUDIES FIDDLER CRABS From Weis, J.S., & P. Weis (1992). J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 161:

22 FIELD STUDIES BENTHOS 1 From Weis, J.S., & P. Weis (1994). Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 26:

23 FIELD STUDIES BENTHOS 3 From Weis et al (1998). Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 34: a a a a ab ab c d

24 SEDIMENTS & BENTHOS: CONCLUSIONS GRADIENT OF METALS IN SEDIMENT (FINE FRACTION) GOING OUT FROM BULKHEAD GRADIENT OF METALS IN BENTHOS GOING OUT FROM BULKHEAD UPTAKE LESS BY PILING VS BULKHEAD, AND IN OPEN WATER VS POORLY FLUSHED SITES

25 SEDIMENTS & BENTHOS CONCLUSIONS REDUCED BENTHIC COMMUNITY ABUNDANCE, SPECIES RICHNESS AND DIVERSITY BY CCA BULKHEADS BY 10 M AWAY, COMMUNITY IS COMPARABLE TO REFERENCE SITE (BULKHEADS OF OTHER MATERIALS)

26 TROPHIC TRANSFER UPTAKE AND EFFECTS OF CONSUMING ORGANISMS FROM CCA WOOD

27 1. MUD SNAILS FED ALGAE (ULVA OR ENTEROMORPHA) FROM CCA BULKHEAD OR FROM ROCKS (CONTROL)

28 TROPHIC TRANSFER ALGAE /SNAILS Mud Snails (Nassarius obseletus) in Lab Number active CCA Ulva CCA Entero Cont. Ulva Cont. Entero Weeks feeding (From Weis, J.S., and P. Weis (1992). J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 161: )

29 2. OYSTER DRILLS (THAIS HAEMASTOMA) FED OYSTERS (CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA) FROM CCA BULKHEAD OR FROM ROCKS (CONTROL)

30 TROPHIC TRANSFER OYSTER DRILLS 1

31 TROPHIC TRANSFER OYSTER DRILLS 2 From Weis, J.S., & P. Weis (1992). J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 168: 25-34

32 TROPHIC TRANSFER OYSTER DRILLS 3 From Weis, J.S., & P. Weis (1992). J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 168: * *

33 CONCLUSIONS: UPTAKE AND EFFECTS SEEN FROM LEACHATES IN EPIBIOTA, BENTHOS, AND CONSUMERS EXPOSED BY TROPHIC TRANSFER

34 LEACHING FROM WALKWAYS MEASURE METALS IN SEDIMENTS BELOW WALKWAY AND AT 1, 3, AND 10 M AWAY IN LOW, MIDDLE, AND HIGH MARSH MEASURE METALS IN MARSH PLANTS AT SAME SITES COMPARE OLD AND NEW WALKWAYS

35 LEACHATES Old IN SEDIMENT Walkway (Means +/- SD) µg/g Cu Cr As Reff High Middle Low Sites New Walkway µg/g Cu Cr As Ref High Middle Low Sites From Weis, J.S., & P. Weis (2002). Mar. Poll. Bull. 44:

36 LEACHATES Old IN Walkway PLANTS (Means +/- SD) Cu Cr 8 Cu µg/g Cr µg/g Reff High Middle Low Sites New Walkway Cu Cr 10 8 Cu µg/g Cr µg/g Reff High Middle Low Sites 0 From Weis, J.S., & P. Weis (2002). Mar. Poll. Bull. 44:

37 WALKWAY CONCLUSIONS HIGH ACCUMULATION IN SEDIMENT AND PLANTS RIGHT UNDER WALKWAY, ESPECIALLY NEW WALKWAY. GREATER SPREADING OUT OF METALS IN LOW MARSH THAN HIGH MARSH GREATER SPREADING OUT FROM OLD WALKWAY VS NEW WALKWAY

38 FIELD STUDIES BENTHOS 4 From Weis, J.S., & P. Weis (1994). Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 26:

39 COPPER UPTAKE IN OYSTERS - 2 From Weis, Weis & Couch, Dis. Aquat. Org. 17: 41-46

40 ELUTION OF METALS FROM WOOD (10 g/l n µg/l) Sea water Control Wood Treated Wood Cr Cu As

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42 WOOD PROTECTION FOR OUTDOOR USE: - CREOSOTE - PENTACHLOROPHENOL - CHROMATED COPPER ARSENATE (CCA)

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