Civic Surveys Building and Town Planning

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1 Necessity of Surveys: Civic Surveys Building and Town Planning Keyur Nagecha Survey Collect the data and information based on spot observation. To draw a mental picture of the region, the town and its various elements like residential and working areas. Serves the broad canvas picturing the present state of the town. To provide proper means for its development, in future. Surveys are carried out to follow the principle of Diagnosis before treatment. 2 Necessity of Surveys: It helps to know the evils from which the town suffers and provides a proper treatment to be given, i.e. helps to diagnosis before treatment. It helps to build up the public opinion and appreciation in favor of town planning scheme. Necessity of Surveys: Advantages of survey: It helps to provide the data of the existing town and corroborative evidence for the concerned authority. Thus the planning work becomes easy. It helps to know exactly what is lacking and what is needed for the development of the town. It throws light on the inter-relationship of activities of the town life, i.e. whether a particular development has produced a favorable or adverse effect on its surroundings

2 Civic survey or socio economic survey: This type of survey conducted at local level for redevelopment scheme, slum improvement scheme and Master plan is different from town survey. Here house to house survey is conducted to know the socio economic stature of the town. This type of survey is also known as civic survey. Civic survey is the foundation stone of the planning structure. It is from this survey the town planner can make correct diagnosis of various ills from which the town is suffering and prescribe correct remedies for their cure. It covers a vast field. Physical features: Geological structures showing the arrangement of the underlying rocks and their formation. Contours showing variations of ground surface. Rainfall and wind charts. Rivers, flood ranges, tides etc. Communication: Roads with traffic details, widths, tree plantation. Railways Waterways, canals, rivers Airways, indicating aerodrome sites. Accessibility by different ways and time and distances. 5 6 Traffic problems: Type of roads Traffic congestion and its causes. Remedies for traffic congestion. Traffic control. Open Spaces. Parks, gardens Playgrounds, playfields Common and other special types of areas. Traffic problems: Type of roads Traffic congestion and its causes. Remedies for traffic congestion. Traffic control. Open Spaces. Parks, gardens Playgrounds, playfields Common and other special types of areas

3 Industrial survey: Local industries classification their position and labour employed. Commerce: Including shops, business areas, docks. Housing: Types of building Insanitary areas conditions of buildings. Rents Population Population : existing, increase and decrese Occupations and diurnal (daily) movements Density Health conditions: Birth rates Death rates Disease diagrams Landscape survey: Types of country Landscape features Soils and vegetation Disfigurement 9 10 Land cultivation: Agriculture Afforestation Public services: Water supply Electricity Gas Drainage Before carrying out any survey, it is necessary to divide the town in to wards or blocks and each block is further subdivided in to street units. The data for each street unit is collected in the prescribed Performa. Surveyor s Name : Supervisor s Name: (a) Ward No. Street unit No: Block No. Date of survey: (b) Housing characteristics: House No: Address: House condition: No of floors: Age of the house: Area of the plot: Rented or Own: Rent paid per month:

4 (c) Family structure: Total no of family members: No of males: No of females: Literacies Male and female Marital status No of school going children No of college going children Age group of members 5, 5-10,10-25,25-50, 50 and above (d) Economic characteristics: Total no of earning members: Occupation (office / factory / business / technicians) Monthly household income Mode of transport (e) Community facilities: Nurseries, primary and middle school: distance from home Shopping centres: Parks, open space Clubs, theatres. Dispensaries, clinics, hospitals Methods employed to collect Data: (f) Utility services: Water supply : well, private, public tap Electricity : available / not available Water closet : available / not available Separate bath: available / not available (g) Remarks The methods adopted for the collection of various data are Field work House to house investigation conducted to collect information in questionnaire form specially prepared for this purpose. Direct collection from office records and reports from government municipal offices and other bodies. Collection through postal communication with government department, public institutions and interested bodies. Personal interviews with individuals or organization interested in the field of planning. Reconnaissance and spot inspection by town planner

5 Preparation of Maps and Drawings: After collecting the data, maps and drawings are prepared in standard scales and represented in different colours and symbols. These maps help to make the planning work easy and to convey the ideas of town planner in an effective way. Drawings prepared generally: Contour map showing the contour lines at suitable interval Land use map (scale 1cm = 2.5 km, 1km or 0.5 km) showing broad features of the town such as open and built up areas, roads, tanks, parks, railways and important buildings. Preparation of Maps and Drawings: Population density map showing density of population per acre or hectare. Town map (Scale 1cm =0.5 km, 0.25km or 0.1 km) and large scale maps of (1cm = 20m, 10m or 5m) can be prepared showing details of roads, lanes, boundaries of all private and public properties, These maps are essential for preparing proposals of improvement schemes and their amenities Report: Based on the maps and drawing, a detailed report is prepared. Sometimes models can be prepared for some specific proposals to convey the ideas of town planner in the right sense. It should emphasize the advantages of the proposed scheme and build a favorable opinion of the public as well as the sanctioning authority. The implementation of the scheme can be taken after the report is duly accepted by the town planning authority. Thank you