Using Soil Tests to Determine Fertilizer Rates. Raymond C. Ward Ward Laboratories, Inc Kearney, NE
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1 Using Soil Tests to Determine Fertilizer Rates Raymond C. Ward Ward Laboratories, Inc Kearney, NE
2 Ward Laboratories
3 Fertilizer Recommendation Philosophies Deficiency Correction Maintenance Nutrient removal and balance
4 Soil Sample for Fertility
5 Top and Subsoil Sampling
6 Clean Buckets and Sample Bags
7 Field & Zone Sampling
8 Zone Sampling Similar Soil Type Similar Slope Similar Soil Color Same Soil Management Sample by Yield Map
9 Grid Sampling New technology using GPS, etc Point sampling usually every 2.5 acre Measures variability within the field Variable rate apply phosphate, potash, zinc and lime
10 Grid Sampling
11 Soil ph (1:1) Acid Neutral Basic Strongly acid ph 4.0 to 5.2 Moderately acid ph 5.3 to 5.7 Slightly acid ph 5.8 to 6.2 Neutral ph 6.3 to 7.2 Slightly alkaline ph 7.3 to 7.7 Strongly alkaline ph 7.8 to 8.3
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13 EC (soluble salts) ms/cm Soluble Salts ms/cm (mmho/cm) No crop hazard Yield reduction on sensitive crops Moderate yield reduction 5.6+ Severe yield reduction
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15 Organic Matter vs Total Carbon
16 Total N vs Total Carbon
17 Nitrogen Recommendation N lbs/a = (yield * N req.) minus lbs of NO 3 -N in 24 or 36 minus Legume credit minus Manure credit minus Irrigation water credit
18 Nitrogen Requirement Corn 1.2 lbs N/Bu Wheat 2.4 lbs N/Bu Milo 1.1 lbs N/Bu Grass 40 lbs N/Ton Millet 1.7 lbs N/Bu
19 Nitrogen Rate (Corn 200 bu/a) 200 X 1.2 = 240 lbs of N Required 240 Soil Nitrate (30) = Past Soybean Crop (40) = Manure Credit or Irrigation Water
20 Nitrate Soil Test Ratings End of Growing Season < 5 ppm NO3-N average for 0-36 inches Potential movement below root zone if higher than 5 ppm Iowa Pre-Sidedress Nitrate Test 0-12 inches at 4 to 5 leaf stage <25 ppm NO3-N
21 Phosphorus Soil Test Mehlich P-3 or Bray P-1 Soil test ppm P Rating % Sufficiency 0-5 Very Low Low Medium High Very High 100
22 Phosphorus Recommendations Soil test ppm P Rating lbs P2O5/A 0-5 Very Low Low Medium High Very High None
23 Potassium Soil Test, Ammonium Acetate Extractable Soil Test ppm K Rating % Sufficiency 0-40 Very Low Low Medium High Very High 100
24 Potassium Recommendations Soil Test ppm K Rating lbs K2O 0-40 Very Low Low Medium High Very High None
25 Sulfur Soil Test, Ca-P Extractable Soil Test ppm S Rating 0-4 Very Low 5-7 Low 8-11 Medium High 16+ Very High
26 Sulfur Requirement Crop Yield Unit LBS of S Corn Bushel Soybean Bushel Wheat Bushel Alfalfa Ton Grass Ton
27 Sulfur Recommendation Example Wheat 80 bu/a Yield Goal Sulfur Requirement is.28 to.35 lb S/bu Total S Required is 22 to 28 lbs/a Sulfate Soil Test is 8 ppm S 8 ppm X.3 X 8 inches = 19 lbs S/A Recommendation is 3 to 9 lbs S/A
28 Zinc Soil Test, DTPA Extractable Soil Test ppm Zn Rating Very Low Low Medium High Very High
29 Zinc Recommendations Soil Test ppm Zn Corrective Rate lb Zn/A None *Annual rate: Divide Corrective Rate by 6.
30 Manganese Soil Test, DTPA Extractable Soil Test Value Rating Very Low Low Medium High 4.1+ Very High
31 Manganese Recommendations Foliar Treatment if deficiency is diagnosed with Plant Analysis Manganese 0.5 to 1.0 lb Mn/A in 20 gallon water/a Possible soil treatment of 25 to 50 lbs of manganese sulfate per acre.
32 Copper Soil Test, DTPA Extractable Soil Test Value Rating Very Low Low Medium High Very High
33 Copper Recommendations Low copper soil test and long term no-till 3 lbs of Cu per acre as copper sulfate or 1 lb of Cu per acre as copper chelate
34 Soil Chloride, 24 inch Sample Rating Very Low Low Medium High Very High From SDSU Soil Test 0-2 ppm Cl 3-4 ppm Cl 5-6 ppm Cl 7-8 ppm Cl 9+ ppm Cl
35 Chloride Recommendations Cl Rec. =45 (7.2 * Cl ppm in 24 inches) or Cl Rec. = 45 (Cl ppm * Top Soil Depth in inches * 0.3) (Cl ppm * Subsoil Depth in inches * 0.3)
36 Chloride Recommendation Soil Test, ppm Cl lbs of Cl/A < 4 ppm Cl 20 lbs/a 4 6 ppm Cl 10 lbs/a KSU based on average Cl in 0-24 inch soil root zone.
37 Wheat Responses to Chloride Wheat yields, bu/a Cl rate, lb/a Yr. 1 Yr. 2 Yr. 3 Yr. 4* Soil test Cl: -- low low med-high *Average of six varieties Kansas
38 Crop Nutrient Removal, lbs/bu Nutrient Corn 130 bu/a Nitrogen, N Phosphorus, P2O Potassium, K2O Sulfur, S Zinc, Zn Manganese, Mn Copper, Cu
39 Crop Nutrient Removal, lbs/bu Nutrient Milo 130 bu/a Nitrogen, N Phosphorus, P2O Potassium, K2O Sulfur, S Zinc, Zn Manganese, Mn Copper, Cu
40 Crop Nutrient Removal, lbs/bu Nutrient Wheat 80bu/A Nitrogen N Phosphorus P2O Potassium K2O Sulfur S Zinc Zn Manganese Mn Copper Cu
41 Crop Nutrient Removal, lbs/bu Soybeans 60 bu/a Nitrogen, N Phosphorus, P2O Potassium, K2O Sulfur, S Zinc, Zn Manganese, Mn Copper, Cu
42 Nutrient Recommendations Assuming Low Soil Tests Nutrient Calculation for Amount/A Nitrogen N Removal times 1.2 Phosphorus P2O5 Crop Removal Rate Potassium K2O Ditto Sulfur S Ditto Zinc Zn Ditto Manganese Mn Ditto Copper Cu Ditto
43 Nutrient Recommendations Assuming Low Soil Tests Nutrient Wheat, 80 bu/a Removal Recommended Nitrogen N Phosphorus P2O Potassium K2O Sulfur S Zinc Zn Manganese Mn Copper Cu
44 Nutrient Recommendations Assuming Low Soil Tests Nutrient Corn, 130 bu/a Removal Recommended Nitrogen N Phosphorus P2O Potassium K2O Sulfur S Zinc Zn Manganese Mn Copper Cu
45 Nutrient Recommendations Assuming Medium Soil Tests Nutrient Calculation for Amount/A Nitrogen N Removal times 1.2 Phosphorus P2O5 ½ of Crop Removal Potassium K2O Ditto Sulfur S Ditto Zinc Zn Ditto Manganese Mn Ditto Copper Cu Ditto
46 Nutrient Recommendations Assuming Medium Soil Tests Nutrient Corn, 130 bu/a Removal Recommended Nitrogen N Phosphorus P2O Potassium K2O Sulfur S 12 6 Zinc Zn Manganese Mn Copper Cu
47 Nutrient Recommendations Assuming Medium Soil Tests Nutrient Wheat, 80 bu/a Removal Recommended Nitrogen N Phosphorus P2O Potassium K2O Sulfur S 10 5 Zinc Zn Manganese Mn Copper Cu
48 Soil Test Ratings V Low and Low Phosphorus, P 12 ppm Potassium, K 80 ppm Sulfate, S 7 ppm Magnesium, Mg 20 ppm Zinc, Zn 0.50 ppm Manganese, Mn 1.0 ppm Copper, Cu 0.20 ppm Boron, B 0.25 ppm Chloride, Cl 4 ppm
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61 Sulfur in Wheat
62 Sulfur Deficiency - Corn
63 Zinc deficiency
64 Zinc Deficiency Wheat
65 Zinc Deficiency Wheat
66 Copper Deficiency Wheat
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