Index ... Fischer, Baum, Luftner-Nagel. Direct Diagnosis in Radiology. Breast Imaging (ISBN ), 2008 Georg Thieme Verlag KG
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1 A abscess 94, 95 accessory nipple 62 adenoma 72, 96, 97 apocrine 96 ductal 96 lactating 97,142 tubular 97, 129, see also fibroadenoma adenosis 77, 83, 98, 99 blunt-duct 98, 99 microcystic 98, 99 microglandular 98, 99 sclerosing 16, 78, 98, 99 angiokeratoma 89 angiomatous processes 89 angiosarcoma 204 apocrine adenoma 96 architectural distortion 39, 40, 58, 59 postoperative 220 arteriovenous malformations 89 asymmetry 56, 57 focal 56, 57 global 56, 57 atheroma 89 atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) 145, atypical lobular hyperplasia (ALH) 100, 101 axillary lymph nodes 35, 36,87,88 enlarged 202 B BI-RADS (Breast Imaging Reporting And Data System) biopsy core 26, 27 fine needle aspiration (FNAB) 24, 25 MR mammography-guided 26, 28, 29 stereotactic 26, 27, 28, 29 ultrasound-guided 26, 27,28 vacuum black star 127 bloody nipple discharge 62, 63,66,67,119,122 blunt-duct adenosis 98, 99 breast cancer 70, 72 early detection 154, 155 inflammatory local recurrence male 185, 186 risk factors surrogate factors for screening 152, 153 see also specific forms of cancer breast cancer genes (BRCA) 150, consequences of positive test results 157 indications for genetic testing 156 breast composition breast prosthesis see prosthesis burn scar 84, 85 C calcifications 39, 40 benign capsular 232, 233, 238 dermal 84 eggshell 84, 86, 217 fat necrosis 214, 215 fibroadenoma 84, 85, 102, 103 focal fibrosis 109 hemangioma 113 plasma cell mastitis 125 popcorn 84, 85, 102, 103 scar 127 skin 60, 61 vascular 86 see also microcalcifications capsular contracture 232, 233 carcinoma 3, 18, 62, 68, 72 CUP (carcinoma of unknown primary) syndrome 202, 203 ductal 80, 81 in situ (DCIS) 80, 81, , 188 invasive (IDC) 164, 165 Page numbers in italics refer to illustrations. 241
2 carcinoma, extensive intraductal component (EIC) 194, 195 invasive papillary 170, lobular in situ (LCIS) 148, 149 invasive 166, 167,168, 169 local recurrence medullary mucinous multicentricity 198, 199 multifocality 196, 197 nipple inversion 63 predominantly intraductal component (PIC) 194 pregnancy and 142 screening 152, 153 slight intraductal component (SIC) 194 tubular see also breast cancer complex cyst 2, 134, 135 composition of breast core biopsy 26, 27 craniocaudal projection 6, 7 8, 46 PGMI criteria 44, 45 CUP (carcinoma of unknown primary) syndrome 202, 203 cyst 84 calcified 80 complex 2, 134, 135 epidermal inclusion 89, 91 fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) 24 in hamartoma 111 oil 72, 86, 214, sebaceous 89, 90 simple 132, 133 cystosarcoma phyllodes 200 cytology 24 D density 39, 40, 63, 72 patterns 48 deodorants 60 diagnostic criteria mammography 39, 40 MR mammography PGMI (perfect, good, moderate, inadequate) criteria ultrasonography 37, 38 digital mammography 19, 20 DIN (ductal intraepithelial neoplasia) 145 discharge see nipple discharge duct ectasia 65,84 multiple peripheral papillomas 123, 124 ductal adenoma 96 ductal carcinoma 80, 81 invasive (IDC) 164, 165 ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) 80, 81, 188 high grade 162, 163 intermediate grade 160, 161 low grade 158, 159 see also Paget disease of the nipple E eczema 62, 63 Paget disease of the nipple 187, 188 edema during pregnancy 143, 143, 144 inflammatory breast cancer 182 mastitis 116, 117 postoperative 220 postradiation 222, 223 eggshell calcifications 84, 86, 217 epidermal inclusion cyst 89, 91 erythema inflammatory breast cancer 182 mastitis 116, 117 estrogens 150 extensive intraductal component (EIC) 194, 195 F fat necrosis calcified 215 early 212, 213 late 214, 215 oil cyst 216 fibroadenolipoma 110, 111 fibroadenoma 2, 68, 70, 72,
3 calcifying 84, 85 giant 106, 107 hyalinizing 102, 103 myxoid 104, 105 pregnancy 142 fibrosarcoma 204 fibrosis 109 focal 83, 108, 109 fibrosis mammae 77 fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) 24, 25 focal asymmetry 56, 57 furuncle 89, 91 G galactocele 142 galactography 17, 18 giant fibroadenoma 106, 107 giant lipoma 116 global asymmetry 56, 57 gynecomastia 136, bilateral 138 pseudogynecomastia 139, unilateral 137 H halo sign 70, 130, 131, 133 hamartoma 68, 70, 72, 110, 110 hemangioma 89, 112, 113 hemangiopericytoma 204 hemangiosarcoma 89 histiocytoma, malignant fibrous 204 Hodgkin lymphoma 206 hyalinizing fibroadenoma 102, 103 hyperemia postoperative 220 postradiation 222 hyperplasia atypical lobular (ALH) 100, 101 ductal 83 atypical (ADH) 145, I index tumor 194, 195 Indian file pattern 166, 168 inflammation 182 postradiation 222 prosthesis encapsulation 232 inflammatory breast cancer intramammary lymph nodes 87, 88 intramammary metastases 208, 209 invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) 164, 165 invasive lobular carcinoma diffuse form 168, 169 nodular form 166, 167 invasive papillary carcinoma 170, K keratosis, seborrheic 89, 90 L lactating adenoma 97,142 lactational mastitis 116 leiomyosarcoma 204 linguine sign 234, 236,237 lipoma 72, 114, 115 giant 115 liposarcoma 204 lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) 148, 149 invasive diffuse form 168, 169 nodular form 166, 167 local recurrence, carcinoma lumpectomy site, cancer recurrence 191, 192 lymph nodes 88 axillary 35, 36, 87,88 enlarged 202 fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) 24 intramammary 87, 88 sentinel (SLN) 35, 36 lymphatic drainage 35, 36, 203 lymphoma 206, 207 Hodgkin 206 metastatic 206 non-hodgkin 206 primary
4 M magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) diagnostic criteria MR mammography-guided biopsy 26, 28, 29 normal findings 54 preoperative localization 31 32, 34 magnification mammography 14, male breast cancer 185, 186 male breast enlargement see gynecomastia malignant fibrous histiocytoma 204 malignant melanoma 89 mammography breast composition patterns craniocaudal projection 6, 7 8,44,45, 46 diagnostic criteria 39, 40 digital mammography 19, 20 galactography 17, 18 magnification mammography 14, mediolateral oblique projection (MLO) 9 11, 44, 45, 46 MR mammography see magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) normal findings 54, 55 preoperative localization 31 32, 33, 34 spot compression 12, 13 mass 39, 40,41,68 density 72, 73 margins 70, 71 shape 68, 69 see also specific masses mastitis 116, granulomatous 78 non-puerperal 116 plasma cell 84, 125, 126 puerperal (lactational) 116 mediolateral oblique (MLO) projection 9 11, 46 PGMI criteria 44, 45 medullary carcinoma melanoma 62 malignant 89 metastasis 209 metastasis 203 intramammary 208, 209 lymphoma 206 melanoma 209 plasmocytoma 209 microcalcifications 15 16, 29,39 adenosis and 98, 99 amorphous 82, 83 atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) 146, 147 benign distribution of 74, 75 ductal carcinoma in situ 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163,187,189 early breast cancer detection 152, 155 focal fibrosis 109 index tumor 194, 195 lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) 149 monomorphic 76, pleomorphic 79 81, 99,187,189, 199 multifocal 197 see also calcifications microcystic adenosis 98, 99 microglandular adenosis 98, 99 milk-of-calcium 82, 84, 98 Mondor disease 60, 92, 93 monomorphic microcalcifications 76, mucinous carcinoma multicentricity 198, 199 multifocality 196, 197 multiple peripheral papillomas , 124 myxoid fibroadenoma 104, 105 N neoplasia ductal intraepithelial (DIN) 145 lobular 148 nipple changes 62, 63 eczema 62, 63 inversion 62, 63 mastitis
5 Paget disease 60, 62, 63, retraction 60, 61,62 nipple discharge bloody 62, 63,66,67,119,122 non-sanguineous 64, 65 non-hodgkin lymphoma 206 non-mass lesions non-puerperal mastitis 116 normal findings 54, 55 O oil cyst 72, 86, fat necrosis and 214 P Paget disease of the nipple 60, 62, 63, papilloma 3, multiple peripheral , 124 nipple discharge 66, 67 pregnancy and 142 periductal stromal tumor 200 PGMI (perfect, good, moderate, inadequate) criteria phyllodes tumor 200, 201 plasma cell mastitis 84, 125, 126 plasmocytoma metastases 209 pleomorphic microcalcifications adenosis 99 multicentric 199 multifocal 197 Paget disease of the nipple 187, 189 polythelia 62 popcorn calcifications 84, 85, 102, 103 posterior nipple line (PNL) 44, 45 postoperative changes 220, 221 postradiation changes 222, 223 pregnancy 142, radiation risks 142 preoperative localization techniques prosthesis 227, capsular contracture 232, 233 extracapsular rupture 237, gel bleeding 230, 231, 234 intracapsular rupture 234, pseudogynecomastia 139, puerperal mastitis 116 Q quality standards R radial scar 58, 127, 128 radiation exposure 4, 5 breast cancer risk 150 craniocaudal projection 6 guidelines 4 mediolateral oblique projection 11 postradiation changes 222, 223 risks during pregnancy 142 reduction mammoplasty 224, reporting system reptile skin 89 rhabdomyosarcoma 204 risk factors S salad oil sign 234 sarcoma 62, 204, 205 osteogenic 204 scar 58, 68, 70, 84, 220, 221 burn 84, 85 radial 58, 127, 128 sclerosing adenosis 16, 78, 98, 99 screening 152, 153 sebaceous cyst 89, 90 sebaceous gland calcifications 60 seborrheic keratosis 89, 90 sentinel lymph node (SLN) 35, 36 seroma 210, 211 shrinking sign 168 silicone implants 227 examination 227, extracapsular rupture 237, gel bleeding 230, 231, 234 intracapsular rupture 234, size asymmetry
6 skin changes 60, 61 lesions 89, mastitis 116, retraction 60, 61 thickening 60, 61, , 182, 187 postradiation 222, 223 space-occupying lesions 41 spot compression 12, 13 standards stereotactic techniques biopsy 26, 27, 28, 29 preoperative localization 31 susceptibility artifact 218, 220 U ultrasonography 1 2, 3 breast composition patterns 51 diagnostic criteria 37, 38 normal findings 54 preoperative localization 31, 32 ultrasound-guided biopsy 26, 27,28 V vacuum biopsy verruca senilis 89 T targetoid growth pattern 166, 168 teacups 84, 98, 99 thrombophlebitis 92, 93 tubular adenoma 97, 129, tubular carcinoma
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