CONSTRAINTS OF ESTABLISHING A WIND FARM IN THAILAND

Transcription

1 CONSTRAINTS OF ESTABLISHING A WIND FARM IN THAILAND Renewable Energy World Asia 2013 October 2 nd, 2013 Punnarai Wuthipanyarattanakun Krisada Techamanoon 1

2 CONTENTS 1. Characteristic of Wind Farm in Thailand 2. Environmental Impact Noise Emission Shadow Flicker Impacts Other Environmental Impacts 3. Conclusion 2 2

3 1. Characteristic of Wind Farm in Thailand 3

4 INTRODUCTION Wind Power is considered as Alternative of fossil fuels Plentiful and renewable Non-waste disposal and no green house gas production. Good wind resource and potential project sites in some parts of Thailand. Wind turbine installed capacity, Q is MW, and Target in 2021 is 1,200 MW from AEDP. 4

5 POTENTIAL WIND RESOURCE IN THAILAND Potential Map of yearly average wind speed at the elevation 90 meters for the period of 15 years. Average wind speed at potential sites are approximately 6 m/s. Picture: Peer Review on Low Carbon Energy Policies in Thailand, APEC Energy Working Group,

6 CLASSIFICATION OF WATERSHED AREAS IN THAILAND Watershed class 1 A and 1 B is comprised of areas with slopes and rugged landform which are commonly upland and headwater areas that are critical for water and soil resources management. Initial Environmental Examination ( IEE ) should be conducted. Watershed class 1 A Watershed class 1 B Picture: Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation. 6

7 COMPARISON POTENTIAL WIND RESOURCE WITH WATERSHED AREAS IN THAILAND Many potential wind farm project areas are situated overlapping in watershed area class 1 A and 1 B. 7

8 2. Environmental Impact 8

9 THAI NOISE STANDARD Noise quality shall comply with Thai noise standard Notification of Environmental Board No. 15 B.E (1997) under Conservation and Enhancement of National Environmental Quality Act B.E (1992) and Notification of Pollution Control Department Ambient Noise Standard Standard Maximum Sound Level (L max ) should not exceed 115 db(a) A-weighted Equivalent Continuous Sound Level (L eq ) 24 hours should not exceed 70 db(a) Annoyance noise means the noise of which noise level is 10 db(a) greater than the background noise (L 90 ). 9

10 WORLD BANK GUIDELINE FOR NOISE Noise impacts should not exceed the levels presented in the table below. Maximum allowable log equivalent Receptor Residential, Units (hourly measurement, in db(a) Day 07:00-22:00 Night 22: institutional, db(a) educational Industrial, commercial db(a) Maximum increase in background levels of 3 db at the nearest receptor location off-site. 10

11 SETBACK DISTANCE Solution has been usually carried out as wind turbine setback distance between wind farm and residential areas. Wind turbine setback distance has been made at least 2 kilometres away is recommended by ERC. In general, wind turbine setback distances are varied on noise limit depending on countries or local governments. Germany 1,000 metres recommended, with minimum 300 metres; Denmark At least 4 times hub height of the turbine; Netherland Noise limit is used to determine the setback distance; Sweden Noise limit is used to determine the setback distance. 11

12 SHADOW FLICKER IMPACT (1) No shadow flicker regulation in Thailand. Shadow flicker - German guideline is normally adopted to use as basis, not exceed 30 hours per year and not more than 30 minutes per day. If shadow flicker exceeds the limit, the wind turbine owner is required to install timer on the turbines to shut them off during of the day subject to shadow flicker for some other countries, for instance Denmark. Methodology of shadow flicker impact anticipation has usually been carried out as shadow flicker modelling. 12

13 SHADOW FLICKER IMPACT (2) Shadow flicker output from WindPRO. 13

14 OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS Species mortalities or injuries regulations due to wind turbine operation are not established in Thailand. Dutch rules Birds Natural reserves Protected landscapes. Must cause no significant effects Danish municipalities guidelines and requirements Residences Environment Historical elements Must take into account Landscape Agriculture 14

15 3. Conclusion 15

16 CONCLUSION Location areas for wind farm project and its transmission line development should be carefully selected. Environmental standards, especially noise and shadow flicker, are not as strict as the other developed countries and EIA is not a requirement. If Thai regulations become stricter, it may be difficult to reduce the impacts without curtailment or even occasional shut downs of wind turbines which will result loss of production. 16

17 THANK YOU! CONTACT : NAME: PUNNARAI WUTTHIPUNYARATTANAKUN TITLE: EIA CONSULTANT pannarai.w@poyry.com NAME: TITLE: KRISADA TECHAMANOON PROJECT ENGINEER krisada.t@poyry.com 17