PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS CONGRESS ULUSLARARASI METALURJI VE MALZEME KONGRESI. BILDIRiLER KITABI VOLUME II / CILT II

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1 PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS CONGRESS ULUSLARARASI METALURJI VE MALZEME KONGRESI BILDIRiLER KITABI VOLUME II / CILT II UB/TIB Hannover JUNE HAZIRAN 1995 ISTANBUL EXHIBITION PALACE ISTANBUL SERGI SARAYI ISTANBUL, TURKIYE Union of Chambers of Turkish Engineers and Architects CHAMBER OF METALLURGICAL ENGINEERS Publication No. 32 Turk Miihendis ve Mimar Odalan Birligi METALURJI MUHENDlSLERI ODASI Yayin No. 32

2 CONTENTS / IClNDEKlLER VOLUME II / ClLT II MECHANICAL METALLURGY MEKANiK METALURJI II Demir Temelli Ustiin Alasimlarda Surunme Davramsimn Tammlanmasi 731 Analysis of Creep Behaviour of Iron Based Superalloys F.6. ORHANER, E. TEKIN Siiperalasim Finn Borularinda Servis Esnasinda Mikroyapi Degisimi 739 Characterization of Microstructure of Superalloy Furnace Pipes During Service A. A. KAYA, S. SEVIK Gerilmeli Korozyon Calismalannda Akustik Emisyon Tekniginin Kullanilmasi 745 Use of Acoustic Emission Technique in Stress Corrosion Cracking Studies S. TUNCEL, C. DEMIR, O. BARAN, A. CAKIR Investigation of Turbine Blades for Cracks and Non-Metallic Inclusions by Real-Time Radiography 751 Tiirbin Kanatgiklannda Catlak ve Metalik Olmayan Kalintilann Radyoskopi ile tncelenmesi H. AYGUN, E. SELgUK Celiklerde Su Verme islemi ve Parca Geometrisinin Kalinti Gerilmelere Olan Etkilerinin X-Isinlan Kirininu lie incelenmesi 757 Investigation of the Effect of Quenching and Specimen Geometry on Residual Stresses by X-Ray Diffraction C. H. GUR, T. 6ZTURK, W. SCHULER Realtime X-Ray Inspection Techniques: Overview on Strengths and Limitations 765 Radyoskopi Inceleme Teknikleri, Ustunlukleri ve Kisitlan W.NIEMANN BIOINSPIREp MATERIALS AND CERAMICS DOGAL YAPILARDAN ESiNLENMIS MALZEMELER VE SERAMIKLER Keynote Address - Cagnli Bildiri Bioinspired Processing of Nanostructured Materials 775 Dogal Malzemelerin Yapilanndan Esinlenmis Nanometrik Boyutlu Yapiya Sahip Malzemelerin Sentezi Prof. Dr. ilhan A. AKSAY VII

3 ZnO Esasli Varistorlerde Bi2O3 Katkisinin Malzeme Ozelliklerine Etkis Effect of Bi2O3 Addition on the Properties of ZnO Based Varistors 795 R. QESMECI, O. T. OZKAN Creep Resistance of Sialon Ceramics 803 Sialon Seramiklerinin Surunme Dayanci H. MANDAL AC-Susceptibility of Granular Superconductors 809 Graniiler Superiletkenlerin Alternatif Akim Duyarlihgi H. SALAMATI, J. AMIGHAN Preparation of Ba-ferrite and Its Magnetic Properties, Using Limonite 815 Limonit Kullanarak Ba-ferrit Hazirlanisi ve Manyetik Ozellikleri J. AMIGHIAN, M. MOZAFFARI CERAMIC PROCESSING SERAMIK SUREgLERI Keynote Address-Cagmli Bildiri Metal Powder Injection Moulding: An Overview 825 Metal Tozlann Enjeksiyon Kahplanmasi Christian D. TURNER Seramik Dokumde Et Kalinhginm Zamana Bagh Degisimi 831 The Change in Thickness Depending on Time in Slip Casting of Ceramics C. KAYA, C. YAMAN Alumina Seramiklerin Ekstriizyonu 839 Extrusion of Alumina Ceramics Y. PALACI, M. DEMIRCi, A. A. GOKTAS Sialon Ceramics Sintered With Additions of Yb2O3, Dy2O3 and or As Mixtures with Y2O Dy2C>3, Sm2O3 Ilavesi veya Y2O3 ile Kan im Halinde Sinterlenmis Sialon Seramikleri H. MANDAL GLASSES CAMLAR Orta Anadolu Bazaltlarindan Cam-Seramiklerin Olusturulmasi 853 Investigation on Ability of Formation a Glass-Ceramic Material from Central Anatolian Basalt M.M. CAVCAR, A. OZTURK Apatit Iceren Biyoaktif Cam-Seramiklerin Gelistirilmesi 859 Production of a New Bio-active Glass-Ceramic Containing Apatite H.ALANYALI VIII

4 Termik Santral Atik Ucucu Kiillerinin Karakterizasyonlari-Seramik ve Cam Hammaddesi Olarak Kullamm Potansiyelleri 869 Characterization of Power Plant Waste Fly Ash-Possibility of Using Ceramic and Glass Raw Material. ERGUT, S. YILMAZ 5()i5o Metalik Caminda Kristallesme Davranisinin Metalografik Incelemesi 875 Metalographic Analysis of the Crystallization Behavior of CusoTiso Metallic Glass Y. BIROL, J. MEINHARDT, U. KOSTER Ferrobor'dan Imal Edilen Metglass 2605-S2 Ticari Normundaki Amorf iperitlerin Karakterizasyonu 881 Characterization of Metglass 2605-S2 Grade Metallic Glass Ribbons Produced from Ferroboron K. GULTEKIN, O. YUCEL, O. ADDEMiR, A. TEKIN Nonisothermal Viscous Flow and Thermal Expansion of Glassy Alloy Considered As Free Volume Related Phenomena 893 Fe25Zr75 Camsi Alasimin Vizkoz Aki i ve Termal Genlesmesi K. RUSSEW, L. STOJANOVA, F. SOMMER, B. J. ZAPPEL PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT URUN GELi TIRME Keynote Address - Cagrili Bildiri Materials for Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage 901 Elektrokimyasal Enerji Donusiim ve Depolama Malzemeleri Prof. Dr. Turgut GUR Seydisehir Gibbsite Orijinli Kabuktan Aktif Aliiminah Absorbant Eldesi Production of Activated Alumina Absorbent from Gibbsite Crust of Seydi ehir Aluminum Plant 923 H. YUZER, S. HASANOVA, H. J. KOROGLU Polimer Matriksli Lifli Kompozit Yaylar 929 Polymer Matrix Composite Cantilevered Beam Springs S. OZBEK, H. I. BAKAN Ar-Ge'den Teknoloji Yayinim Siirecine: Tiirkiye icin Ornek Bir Model Cahsmasi 937 A Model Study for Turkey for Spreading of Technology from R-D T. BAYKARA IX

5 POSTER PAPERS POSTER BILDiRiLER NON-FERROUS METALLURGICAL SYSTEMS AND PROCESSES DEMIR-DISI METALURJI SISTEM VE SUREQLERI Turkiye'deki Demir Disi Metal Uretim Sektoruniin Durumu ve Diinya'daki Yeri 951 Important Aspects of Turkish Non-ferrous Industries S. AYDEM, C. ARSLAN, F. DDKEg, I. DUMAN Diisuk Tenorlii S/elit Konsantrelerinden Tungstenin Kazanibnasi 965 Recovery of Tungsten from Low Grade Scheelite Concentrate E. AgMA, E. TOZAR, C. OKTAYBAS, O. ADDEMIR Alkali Fiizyon Yontemi ile Yerli Kromit Konsantrelerinden Krom (VI) Oksit Uretim Olanaklarrnin Arastinlmasi 977 Investigation of Chrome (VI) Oxide Production from Domestic Chromite Concentrate by Alkali Fusion G. ORHAN, C. ARSLAN, E. AgMA, O. ADDEMIR Bakir Curuflarinin Hidrometalurjik Yontemle Degerlendirilmesi 987 Hydrometallurgical Treatment of Copper Slags N. GURESIN, A. GEVECI Influence of Aerodynamic Parameters on the Mechanism of Flash Smelting Processes in the Non-ferrous Metals Metallurgy 993 Aerodinamik Parametrelerin Demir Disi Metalurjisinde Fla Ergitme Siire9lerinin Mekanizmasina Etkisi B. STEFANOV, K. GENEVSKI, V. STEFANOVA, P. BAKARJIEV Heat Transfer Between Coil Pipe and a Gas-Solid Fluidized Bed 999 Sargi Borusu ile Gaz-Kati Akiskan Yatak Arasmda Isi Transferi N. AKHMAKOV, R. STANEV PHYSICAL METALLURGY FIZiKSEL METALURJI Results from Investigations on Structure and Properties of Iron Based Cast Nitrogen Steels and Forecasts 1007 Azotlu geliklerin Yapilannin Incelenmesinden Elde Edilen Sonuglar B. V. KOLEV Bakir Gumiis Esasli Bazi Alasimlann Fiziksel ve Mekanik Ozellikleri 1023 Physical and Mechanical Properties of Some Copper Silver Based Alloys E. KARAOGLU, E. S. KAYALI X

6 Hizh Katilastinlnus Al-%12 Si Alasiminda Mikroyapi Karakterizasyonu 1029 Microstructure Characterization of Rapidly Solidified Al-12 wt%si Alloy Y. BIROL The Phase Composition Control and Regulation During Gaseous and Plasma Nitriding 1035 Gaz ve Plazma Nitriirlemede Faz Kompozisyonlannin Kontrolii ve Duzenlenmesi M. COJOCARU, R. SABAN, D. DRAGULIN, G. GRIGORESCU, E. GEANTA, S. C. FAUR On the Initiation and the Spreading out of Cracks Within the Ion Nitrided Steels 1043 Iyon Nitriirlenmis geliklerde Catlak Baslamasi ve Yayilmasi V. TOSHKOV, A. ZIUMBILEV, M. LOZEV Al3Zr - Al3Li Kompozit gdkeltilerinin TEM Goruntulerinin Benzetisimi 1049 Transmission Electron Microscope Simulation of Al3Zr - Al3Li Composite Precipitates M. K AYDINOL, A. S. BOR Composition Influence on the Processes During Microcrystalline Al-Si Ribbons Compacting 1055 Bilesimin Mikrokristal Al-Si eritlerinin Kesiflestirilmesi Sirasmdaki Sure?ler Uzerine Etkisi S. YANEVA, N. STOICHEV, P. KOVATCHEV, N. DJULGEROV, I. PEICHEV Akiskan Yatak Sisteminde Isil Islem Uygulamalari 1061 Heat Treatment Applications in Fluidized Bed System H. gep, O. gimen, S. ZEYTIN IRON AND STEEL DEMIR VEgELEK Demir-gelik Uretim Teknolojisinin Son Durumu ve Gelecegi 1071 The Latest and Future Outlook of Iron-Steel Technology G. ERDEM, O. GUNDUZ Hammadde Di aluni ve Uriin Dissatuni Acilarindan Turk Demir gelik Sanayiinin Dis Bagimlihgi 1077 Foreign Dependence of Turkish Steel Industry from Point of View of Importing Raw Material and Exporting of End Product T.AKMAN gelik Urunlerde Uriin gesidi, Kalite Diizeyi, Katma Deger Iliskisinin Kalite Planlama ve Kalite Muayeneleri Qercevesinde Degerlendirihnesi 1085 An Analysis of Product Range, Quality Level and Added Value Relations of Steel Products in a Frame of Quality Planning and Quality Control Y. TAPTHC, S. AYDIN, K. SE EN, F. DKEg XI

7 Erdemir Celikhane Modernizasyonunun Kalite Acisindan Getirdikleri 1097 Quality Improvements After Erdemir Steelmaking Modernization F. ALA, C. YILDIRIM Yiiksek Finnlarda Komur Enjeksiyonu Uygulamasi 1105 Application of Coal Injection in Blast Furnaces A. TURAN Researches of the Influence on Electroslag Refining on the Nitrogen Alloyed Stainless Steel 1113 Curufalti Ergitmenin Azotlu Paslanmaz Celikler Uzerine Etkisi V. GEANTA, E. BERCEANU, R. SABAN, D. DAISA, F. DAISA Pirometalurjik Siireelerde Oksijen Aktivitesinin Tayini ve Kontrolu 1123 Determination and Control of Oxygen Activity in Pyrometallurgical Processes E. OKTAY CORROSION-OXIDATION-COATINGS-WEAR KOROZYON-OKSiTLENME-KAPLAMALAR-ASINMA Insan Viicudunda Kullanilan Metalik implantlarin Diinii ve Bugiinu 1131 Historical Development of Metallic Implants Used in Human Body A. gakir High Temperature Oxidation Resistance of AISI 304L and 316L Stainless Steel Prepared by Powder Metallurgy 1139 Toz Metalurjisi Yontemi ile Uretilen AISI 304L ve 316L Paslanmaz Celiklerinin Yiiksek Sicakhk Oksitlenme Direncleri E. OTERO, A. PARDO, M. V. UTRILLA, E. SAENZ, F. J. PEREZ, J. F. ALVAREZ Termoreaktif Difuzyon Yontemiyle gelik Yiizeylerin Krom Karbiir Kaplanmasi 1147 Chrome Carbide Coating of Steel Surfaces by Thermoreactive Diffusion Z. OKTEM, H. gep, L. gapan Seramik Kaplamalann Yapisma Mukavemetinin Incelenmesi 1153 Investigation of Adhesive Strength of Ceramic Coatings F. USTEL, E. gelik, S. SOYKAN, E. AVCI The Effect of Alloying Additions on the Growth of Intermediate Phases Formed at the Fe-Al Interface During Coating 1163 Alasim Elementlerinin Kaplama Sirasinda Fe-Al Arayiizeyinde Olusan Yayinim Katmamnin Biiyiimesi Uzerine Etkisi M. V. AKDENIZ, A. O. MEKHRABOV, T. YILMAZ 2024 Aliiminyum Alasiminda Isil Islemin Asinmaya Etkisi 1169 Effect of Heat Treatment on Wear Behaviour of 2024 Aluminum Alloy Z. OKTEM, A. UZUNALI XII

8 CASTING DOKUM Determination of the Basic Hydrodynamic Values of Melt Stream in the Spout of Tilting Induction Furnace 1177 Yatirmah Endiiksiyon Ocaklanndan Akan Sivi Metalin Temel Hidrodinamik Degerlerinin Tesbiti Y. VANGELOV Dokumlerde Besleyicilerin Olculendirilmesinde Yeni Bir Yaklasim 1183 A New Approach in Dimensioning of Risers S. OZDEMIR, E. ATASOY Dokumlerin Yolluk Tasanm ve Boyutlandinlmasinda Yeni Bir Yaklasim 1195 A New Approach in Design and Dimensioning of Gating Systems S. OZDEMIR Soguk-Kutu Maca Kumunun Kahp Kumu Ozelliklerine Etkisi 1205 Effect of Cold-Box Core Sand on Molding Sand S. VAROL, C. DEMIR, L. OZMEN On the Possibility for Study and Control of Crystallization at Thick-Walled Castings of Nodular Graphite Iron 1213 Kahn Duvarh Nodiiler Grafitli Db'kme Demirde Kristallesmenin Kontrolii R. PETKOV, S. ATAHASOV Problems and Possibilities for Control on the Quality of Cast Aluminium Wheels 1217 Aliiminyum Dokiim Tekerleklerde Problemler ve Kalite Kontrol G. BATSCHVAROV, M. GEORGIEV, S. KONSTANTINOVA Etilen Piroliz Finn Tiiplerinin 25/35 NbW Siiperalasimindan Santrifiij Yontemle Dokiim Teknolojisi ve Prototip Sayida Tiip Uretilmesi 1223 Centrifugal Casting Technology of Ethylen Pyrolysis Furnace Tubes from 25/35 NbW Superalloys and Production of Prototypes A.GULTEKIN Study of Some Qualities of Cast Iron Brake Shoes, Produced in Bulgaria 1229 Bulgaristan'da Uretilen Dokme Demir Fren Pabuglannin Kaliteleri B. PAVLOVA, E. KOEN Demand-Driven Construction-Optimized Processes-Quality Determined Manufacturing 1235 J. C. STURM XIII

9 POWDER METALLURGY AND CERAMICS TOZ METALURJtSI VE SERAMIKLER Mechanical Alloying as a Means of Providing SiC in a Prealloyed Al-Matrix 1249 Mekanik Ala imlama Teknigi ile On Alasimlanmis Al Matriksin icerisinde SiC Taneciklerinin Disperse Edilmesi M. L. OVEgOGLU, C. SURYANARAYANA, F. H. S. FROES, Ming-Jen TAN Mechanical Alloying of Al-Fe Powder Mixtures 1259 Al-Fe Toz Kansimlarinin Mekanik Alasimlanmasi D.K. MUKHOTADHYAY, C. SURYANARAYANA, F. H. S. FROES Dokulebilir Refrakterlerin Ultrasonik Yontemle Muayenesi 1265 Ultrasonic Testing of Castable Refractories C. YAMAN, F. K. ILHAN Vibrasyonel Refrakter Malzemelerde Yerlestirmede Akma ve Termal ok Direnci Optimizasyonu 1271 Flow and Thermal Shock Resistance of Vibrating Refractories L INEL Kolloidal Tanelerin Elektroforetik Mobilite ve Zeta Potansiyel Degerlerinin Lazer Teknigi ile Belirlenmesi 1279 Determination of Electrophoretic Mobility and Zeta Potential of Colloidal Particles by Laser Technique E. GUNAY, H. BODUR, T. BAYKARA Ca-Bentonitlerinin Reolojik Ozellikleri Uzerine KC1 ve MgCl2. 6H2O Elektrolitlerinin Etkisi 1285 Effect of KC1 and MgCl2. 6H2O Electrolytes on Rheologic Properties of Ca Bentonites N. GUNGOR, S. DILMAg COMPOSITE MATERIALS KOMPOZIT MALZEMELER Metal Seramik Kompozitlerin Sok Sikistirma Yontemi ile imali 1295 Production of Metal/Ceramic Composites by Explosive Consolidation O. YUCEL, G. GOLLER, A. TEKIN, O. I. INAL A1N-B4C/A1 Kompozitlerinin Basincsiz Infiltrasyon Yontemiyle Uretim Sartlannin Incelenmesi 1307 Investigation on Production of Aluminum Matrixed A1N-B4C/A1 Composite Materials by Infiltration Technique M. girakoglu, A. TEKIN, g. TOY, W.D. SCOTT XIV

10 AI2O3 - B4C Kompozit Seramiklerin Sinterlenmesi ve Karakterizasyonu 1317 Sintering and Characterization of AI2O3 - B4C Composite Ceramics A. A. GOKTAS Aliiminyum Esasli SiC Takviyeli Kompozitte Arayiizey Reaksiyonu 1323 Interface Reaction in SiC Reinforced Aluminum Matrix Composite M. YILMAZ, S. ALTINTAS, N. DURLU, Z. MISIRLI, Vorteks Metodu ile Uretilen AI2O3 Partikul Takviyeli Al-Si Metal Matriksli Kompozitlerin Mekanik Davranislari 1329 Mechanical Behaviour of AI2O3 Particle Reinforced Al-Si Metal Matrix Composites Produced by Vortex Method H. AKBULUT, F. YILMAZ, M. DURMAN Kisa Fiber (5-AI2O3) Takviyeli ZA-12 Metal Matriksli Kompozitlerin Asinma Davranislari 1335 Wear Behaviour of ZA-12 Metal Matrix Composites Reinforced by Short Saffil (6-AI2O3) Fibers S. C. KURNAZ, H. AKBULUT, M. DURMAN Isil Islemin C-PEEK Kompozitlerinin Ozelliklerine Etkileri 1341 Effect of Heat treatment on Properties of C-PEEK Composites H. L BAKAN, A. UZUNALI, V. GUNAY MECHANICAL METALLURGY MEKANIK METALURJI Upon Per-Unit Work of Deformation and Fracture of Nitrocarburized Samples 1349 Nitrokarbiirlenmis Numunelerin Kinlma ve Deformasyon Enerjileri I. IVANOV, R. RUSSEV Sicak Haddelemede Yuk Hesabi Metodlannin Karsilastinlmasi 1355 Comparison of Different Load Calculation Methods for the Hot Rolling A. SARIOGLU, H. gimenoglu, E. S. KAYALI, Yahn Karbonlu gelik ile Yiiksek Hiz Celiginin Surtunme Kaynaginda Kaynak Bolgesinin incelenmesi 1361 Investigation of Friction Welding Zone of Plain Carbon and High Speed Steel M. YILMAZ, S. KARAGOZ, K. TULBENTgi, Alasim Elementlerinin ginko-aluminyum Esasli ZA-8 Alasiminin Mekanik Ozelliklerine Etkisi 1367 Effect of Alloying Elements on Mechanical Properties of Zinc-Aluminium Based ZA-8 Alloy A. TURK, M. DURMAN, E. S. KAYALI 316L Implant Malzemesinde GKC Davranisinin Dusuk ekil Degistirme Hizi Teknigi ile incelenmesi 1373 Investigation of SCC Sensitivity of 316L Implant Materials by Slow Strain Rate Test C. DEMiR, O BARAN, S. TUNCEL, A. gakir XV

11 Halat Seciminde Dikkat Edilecek Hususlar 1381 Selection of Wire Ropes S. BESLI Uriin Tasariminda Kalite Olgusu ve Malzeme Secimi ve Olcme-Kontrol Yontemlerinin Uriin Kalitesine Etkisi 1391 Effect of Quality by Design, Material Selection and Quality Testing on the Quality of Products Y. TAPTIK, M. URGEN, 6. KELE, M.DOGANSOYSAL GLASSES CAMLAR Bazalt Camlarimn Kristallenme Kinetigi 1403 Crystallization Kinetics of Basalt Glasses S. YILMAZ, O. T. OZKAN, V. GUNAY Mekanik Ogutmede Amorf-Kristal Faz Doniisumu 1409 Amorph-Crystal Phase Transformation During Mechanical Grinding Y. BIROL 4o4()i Metalik Caminda Kristallesme Kinetigi 1415 Crystallization Kinetics of Fe4oNi4oPi4Bg Metallic Glass Y. BiROL Thermal Stability and Viscous Flow of Niioo. x Px ana Metallic Glasses 1421 NilOO-xPx ve Fe^oO-xPx Metalik Camlarimn Termal Kararlihgi ve Viskoz Aki i L. STOJANOVA, K. RUSSEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT URUN GELISTiRME Reconstruction of a Working Industrial 2.5-Tons Induction Furnace into a Plasma Induction One Tonluk Indiiksiyon Finninm, Plazma Indiiksiyon Finnina Cevrilmesi M. MIHOVSKY, T. TZONEV, B. LUCHEVA Katkili Kirmizi Camurunun Yapi Malzemesi Olarak Kullanim Imkanlarinin Arastirilmasi 1435 Investigation on Possibility of Using the Mixture of Red Mud As Construction Material M. KARA, A. EKERIM, 6. F. EMRULLAHOGLU Miknatis Malzemeleri Alanindaki Gelismeler ve Bugiinkii Durumun Bir Degerlendirmesi 1441 Developments in Magnetic Materials Y. BIROL XVI