Roots anchor plants and absorb mineral nutrients from soil.

Transcription

1 Monday 9/ Notes, WS Biology Sec & 21.4 Outline Name: Date: Pd: Sec KEY CONCEPTS Roots and stems from the support system of vascular plants. Roots anchor plants and absorb mineral nutrients from soil. Roots provide many functions. the plant absorb,, and store nutrients root hairs help There are several parts of a root. covers the tip is an area of growth contains xylem and phloem There are two main types of roots. root systems have fine branches. systems have one main root. Stems support plants, transport materials, and provide storage. Stems have many functions. leaves and flowers house most of the system store grow underground for new plants Some stems are and conduct photosynthesis.

2 Some stems can be, and form protective bark. growth increases a plant s length. growth increases a plant s width. help determine the age of a tree. Sec KEY CONCEPTS Leaves absorb light and carry out photosynthesis. Most leaves share some similar structures. The blade is usually broad and flat. collects for photosynthesis connects to the stem by a is between the leaf s dermal tissue layers. surround each stoma. Stomata open and close when guard cells change. When stomata are, water evaporates and gas exchanges. Stomata close at and when plant too much water. Leaves may be simple,, or double compound. Leaf veins may be or. Leaf margins may be toothed (or ), entire ( ), or lobed. Most leaves are specialized systems for photosynthesis. There are two types of mesophyll cells. both types contain mesophyll absorbs sunlight spongy mesophyll connects to Leaves have many adaptations for extreme, ex: pine needles

3 for loss, ex: cactus spines for environments, ex: water lily for getting, ex: venus fly trap

4 Section 3: Roots and Stems Study Guide A KEY CONCEPT Roots and stems form the support system of vascular plants. VOCABULARY vascular cylinder meristem primary growth root hair fibrous root secondary growth root cap taproot MAIN IDEA: Roots anchor plants and absorb mineral nutrients from soil. Complete the table by filling in each blank with the name of the root part that corresponds to each description. Fill the Parts of a Root Description 1. Center of a root Made of xylem and phloem tissues that are surrounded by dermal cells 2. Tiny projections of dermal cells Increase the surface area available for absorbing water 3. Cone of cells at the tip of the root Protects the growing tip as it pushes through the soil in blank with the term that best completes the sentence. 4. Groups of cells that are located near a growing tip and give rise to new plant cells form a tissue called. 5. Root systems that are made of fine branches of about the same size are called. 6. Root systems that have one main root and can sometimes store food are called.

5 Study Guide A continued 7. Plant use energy to absorb water as well as such as nitrogen, iron, and magnesium. 8. The increased concentration of in root cells causes minerals to move into the root by osmosis. MAIN IDEA: Stems support plants, transport materials, and provide storage. 9. The main functions of most stems include,, and. 10. The two plants shown in Figure 3.4 whose stems can store water are and. 11. The plants shown in Figure 3.4 that have underground stems are and. 12. Stems that have little or no wood and often contain chlorophyll for photosynthesis are called stems. 13. Growth that makes stems grow taller or roots grow longer is called growth. 14. Growth that makes stems and roots of woody plants grow wider is called growth. 15. One year of growth on a includes a larger, lighter band of growth that takes place in spring and a smaller, darker band of growth that takes place later in the growing season. Vocabulary Check Fill in the blank with the term from the box that best matches the description. 16. tough covering on root tip 17. unspecialized tissue of dividing cells 18. houses xylem and phloem 19. increases surface area of a root

6 Section 4: Leaves Study Guide A KEY CONCEPT Leaves absorb light and carry out photosynthesis. VOCABULARY blade petiole mesophyll guard cell MAIN IDEA: Most leaves share similar structures. In the box below, sketch a leaf attached to a stem. Label the blade, petiole, and stem. Fill the 1. in blank with the word or phrase that best completes the sentence. 2. The of a leaf collects sunlight for photosynthesis. 3. The connects a leaf to the stem of a plant. 4. The marks where a leaf ends. It grows between the petiole and the stem of a plant.. 5. The outer covering of leaves is made of tissue that is often covered with a waxy cuticle. 6. The veins of a leaf are made of tissue. 7. The tissue that lies between the two dermal layers of a leaf is called. 8. Stomata and are found on the underside of a leaf. 9. The three leaf characteristics that can be used for plant identification include leaf shape, veins patterns, and the shape of the leaf.

7 Study Guide A continued MAIN IDEA: Most leaves are specialized systems for photosynthesis. 10. is the photosynthetic tissue of a leaf. 11. Tall, rectangular mesophyll cells, called mesophyll, absorb much of the light that falls on a leaf. 12. Loosely packed mesophyll cells, called mesophyll, create air spaces that connect with the outside of the plant through stomata. 13. Leaf adaptations that help plants survive in dry or cold environments include cactus spines that reduce water loss, thick leaves that store water, and very thick. Vocabulary Check Fill in the blank with the word or phrase that is described by the sentence. 14. Like the part of a knife with the same name, this is the widest part of a leaf. 15. Found on the underside of a leaf, this guards the exchange of gases through stomata 16. This term means stalk or leafstalk. 17. This term means middle leaf, which is where it is found.