Used to build Windows applications Object-oriented language current version and.net part of Visual Studio Visual Basic ASP / JSP HTML C / C++

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1 Selecting A Language Behind the Scenes: Programming Languages Programming Topics Selecting the right programming language Use of popular programming languages Web languages format and prepare pages for viewing 1 2 Step 3 Program Coding Factors for selecting the right language: Based on logic, processing needs Computer platforms and systems Space available, speed required Organizational resources available Programmer and user skills Based on type of target application Programming or formatting language Visual Basic Java Flash / XML JavaScript VBScript ASP / JSP HTML C / C++ Used to build Windows applications Object-oriented language current version and.net part of Visual Studio Visual Basic Sample Visual Basic 3 4 C and C++ C Developed for system programmers Combines high and low level programming features Modern operating systems written in C C++ Uses the same features as C Includes object-oriented design Modern applications written in C++ Sample C Sample C++ Java Object-oriented (graphical or network) features with large set of existing classes (scroll bars or connection to remote machine) Architecture neutral or platform independent Java applets: Small Java-based programs for facilitating network communications 5 6 1

2 C# Language released by Microsoft to compete with Java Object-oriented model allows programmers to use existing classes Supports connecting to remote machines HTML/XHTML Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) Format the appearance of Web pages Tags that describe the formatting and layout of a Web page Extensible Hypertext Markup Language (XHTML) Current version of HTML Has much more stringent rules than HTML regarding tagging to control how Web pages are viewed" HTML/XHTML are not true programming languages but sets of rules for marking up blocks of text so that a browser knows how to display the elements! 7 8 HTML/XHTML Example HTML/XHTML Editors HTML/XHTML <h1>this is the Heading</h1> <p><font face="arial">this is text using Arial font.</font></p> <p><font face="arial"><i>this text is italicized</i>.</font></p> <p><font face="arial"><b>this text is bold</ b>.</font></p> <p><font face="arial"><font color="#ff0000">this text color is red</ font>.</font></p> Web Page Display Popular tools for creating Web pages Adobe Dreamweaver Microsoft Expression Web No programming is required. <p><font face="arial">this is a hyperlink <a href=" extensible Markup Language (XML) Enables computers to efficiently transfer information between Web sites Describes content in terms of data rather than how it is displayed Example - Tags specify valid length of credit card number Developers can create own markup language Custom packages for specific communities MathML, Wireless Markup Language (WML) Used in e-commerce transactions Scripting Languages Scripting languages: Limited to performing a specific set of specialized tasks JavaScript: Used to make Web pages more visually appealing and interactive Most commonly used scripting language for creating DHTML effects VBScript: Subset of VB used to add interactivity to Web pages Offers dynamic decision making so Web page can display content based on user choices

3 Interactive Languages Active Server Pages (ASP), Java Server Pages (JSP), and Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP)-An open source scripting language that is gaining in popularity Adds interactivity capabilities to requested Web pages Used for controlling the automatically writing of custom HTML/XHTML code, according to the selections of the user, for displaying a Web page Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) Statements that define in one single location how to display HTML/XHTML elements Enable a Web developer to define a style for each HTML/XHTML element The rule may be applied to as many elements on as many Web pages as needed Speeds up global changes Dynamic HTML (DHTML) A combination of technologies HTML/XHTML (formatting elements) Cascading style sheets (updates style change in similar elements of Web document) JavaScript (responds to or validates user action) Used for creating lively and interactive pages on otherwise static Web pages Allows a Web page to change in response to user action DHTML Uses Document Object Model Organizes the objects and elements of a Web page Defines every item on a Web page as an object Developers can easily change the properties of these objects Animation Languages Flash Used to develop Web-based multimedia Includes its own scripting language, ActionScript Enables elaborate animations to be created for Web pages SilverLight Supports development of multimedia and interactive Web applications Combination Language AJAX (Asynchronous JavaScript and XML) Newer technology Uses a combination of existing technologies like JavaScript, CSS, and XML Allows for a more responsive user experience Facilitates creation of Web applications that update a page without requiring a page refresh or leaving the page 17 Copyright Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 18 3

4 Common Gateway Interface (CGI) Browsers request that a program file executes (runs program, not just delivered to a browser) CGI files often called CGI scripts Adds Web page interaction Adding names to guest books/mailing lists Completing forms Client-Side Applications A program that runs on a client computer with no interaction with the server Types of client-side applications include HTML/XHTML document embedded with JavaScript code Applet: Small program that resides on the server, but when requested runs on the client Open source video game development tool for home use Blender Built-in game engine Built-in physics engine Uses logic bricks to simplify programming Popular Languages C/C++ and Java are among the most popular programming languages The Next Great Language Large projects may take 30 minutes to compile Interpreted languages might become more important Python Ruby Smalltalk Summary Questions How do programmers select the right programming language for a specific task? What are VB, C and C++ used for? What is the purpose of Java? What are scripting languages used for? What are HTML and XHTML used for? What is XML used for? What technologies are used in DHTML?

5 Summary Questions Which languages are used for developing Web multimedia? What language provides a combination of scripting and transfer of pages between websites? Describe the differences between formatting and programming languages. Give examples of each. Participation Question Which of the following is a programming language whose instructions are typically embedded in HTML document for providing interactive web content? A. Java B. HTTP C. PERL D. Javascript E. C Participation Question Which language(s) transfer(s) user information into a request for more information from a company s computer? Programming Languages Any questions? A. JSP B. PHP C. XML D. A and B E. A and C