LESSON 10: PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES (ADVERBS)
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1 LESSON 10: PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES (ADVERBS) In last lesson, we studied prepositional phrases that act as adjectives. Now, we ll study prepositional phrases that act as adverbs. Relevant Review Phrases are groups of words that act toger as single parts of speech. Prepositions are always in prepositional phrases. Prepositions are one of eight parts of speech. Prepositional phrases always begin with a preposition and end with a noun or a pronoun. Prepositional phrases can act as adjectives. Lesson Prepositional Phrases Act As Single Parts of Speech (Adverbs) Look at this sentence. What kind of word is re? The paper airplane landed re. There is an adverb modifying landed. It tells us where airplane landed. Now look at this sentence. What is in bushes? What is its role in sentence? The paper airplane landed in bushes. In bushes is a prepositional phrase. It starts with a preposition (in), and it ends with a noun (bushes). The whole phrase is acting as an adverb. The prepositional phrase answers an adverb question. (Do you remember those?) It tells us where plane landed. Where did plane land? It landed in bushes. Do you see how whole phrase is acting as an adverb? Great! Diagramming Prepositional Phrases (Adverb) You learned in last lesson that we diagram prepositional phrases acting as adjectives under nouns or pronouns that phrases are modifying. (Remember that adjectives modify nouns and pronouns.) Where do you think we will diagram prepositional phrases acting as adverbs? (What kinds of words do adverbs modify?) If you guessed that adverbial prepositional phrases are diagrammed under verbs, adjectives, or adverbs that phrases are modifying, you are correct! That makes sense because adverbs modify verbs, adverbs, or adjectives. GET SMART (STUDENT) LESSON
2 Most adverbial prepositional phrases will modify verbs just like in example above, but keep in mind that y can also modify adjectives and adverbs. Now I'm going to throw you a curveball. Take a look at following sentence. The paper airplane landed in bushes behind house. In bushes is an adverbial prepositional phrase modifying landed. Behind house is an adjectival prepositional phrase telling us more about noun bushes. Which bushes? The bushes behind house. This prepositional phrase is modifying object of preposition (bushes) from first prepositional phrase! Adjectival prepositional phrases can modify ANY noun or pronoun. The noun and pronoun jobs you've learned about so far are subjects and objects of prepositions. The following sentence diagramming exercises contain prepositional phrases acting as adverbs and prepositional phrases acting as adjectives. I'll bet that if you think about each one, you'll be able to diagram m without any trouble. Here we go! 2 GET SMART (STUDENT) LESSON 10
3 Lesson 10 Sentence Diagramming Exercises 1. Erik s new book fell on floor. Erik s new book fell on floor. sentence subject (noun) verb adjectives modifying book prepositional phrase (adverb) (modifying fell, answers Where?) on floor GET SMART (STUDENT) LESSON
4 2. The red bird sat on rock near tree. Tip: Sentences are full of nouns. This can sometimes make it hard to find subject. Subjects will never be in prepositional phrases. Crossing out all prepositional phrases can make it easier to find subject. The red bird sat on rock near tree. The red bird sat on rock near tree. Now it is easier to see that bird is subject of sentence. The red bird sat on rock near tree. bird sat The, red on rock on rock near tree near tree 4 GET SMART (STUDENT) LESSON 10
5 3. Julia quickly swam across pool. Julia quickly swam across pool. Julia swam quickly across pool across pool Tip Some people become robots as y diagram sentences. They identify a pattern and diagram sentences without really knowing why y re doing what y are doing. This is not a good thing. You need to have an active mind! One way to make sure that you are THINKING as you diagram se sentences is to constantly ask yourself WHY you put each part of sentence where you did. GET SMART (STUDENT) LESSON
6 4. I happily sat on chair in corner. I happily sat on chair in corner. sentence subject (pronoun) verb adverb modifying sat (answers How?) prepositional phrase (adverb) (modifying sat, answers Where?) preposition object of preposition (noun) in corner in corner Tip: Sometimes, prepositional phrases can be interpreted as eir adjectives or adverbs. The meaning can change depending on emphasis and context given by speaker or writer. Changing word order of a sentence can also change its meaning. For instance, notice how meaning changes for this sentence when we move in corner immediately after sat. I happily sat in corner on chair. In corner is now an adverbial prepositional phrase modifying sat! 6 GET SMART (STUDENT) LESSON 10
7 5. Did Jamie drive into town yesterday? sentence question sentence- statement Jamie verb phrase helping verb main verb yesterday into town into town Extra Practice: Identifying Prepositions 1. Underline prepositions and circle prepositional phrases in following sentences. 1. I threw ball across field, and it landed in pond. 2. The dress in closet is dirty. 3. We met for first time at a coffee shop. 4. The book on shelf belongs to me. 5. After dinner, we walked around block. 2. Give three examples of prepositions in prepositional phrases. Underline prepositions. GET SMART (STUDENT) LESSON
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