Chapter 11 study guide THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION AND ECONOMIC SECTIONALISM

Transcription

1 Name Chapter 11 study guide THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION AND ECONOMIC SECTIONALISM The purpose of this study guide is to prepare you for the upcoming test. It is not considered homework. It will not be collected or graded. However, I strongly urge you to complete every question. Familiarizing yourself with the following content will put you in good shape on the day of the test. Please be familiar with the following vocabulary words: Spinning jenny - Cotton gin - Capitalist - Factory system - Interchangeable parts - Mass production - Urbanization - Turnpike - Corduroy road - Nativist - Slave codes -

2 1. During the Industrial Revolution, what new innovations replaced hand tools? 2. What three powers began replacing animal and human power? 3. Which jobs began to compete with farming? 4. Which living areas began to compete with farms? 5. Which innovation made cotton a profitable, key crop in the South? 6. Which state opened the first British-inspired textile mill? 7. Which person is credited with bringing industry to the U.S.? 8. List 3 ways the South benefited from the Industrial Revolution. 9. List 3 ways the North benefited from the Industrial Revolution. 10. List 4 reasons stating why the South generally ignored the opportunity to industrialize.

3 11. Cite 3 reasons women and children were the preferred sources of labor during the Industrial Revolution. 12. Which 2 breakthroughs did Eli Whitney contribute to the Industrial Revolution? 13. Cite 3 ways interchangeable parts benefited the Industrial Revolution. 14. In what way did Francis Cabot Lowell improve on British textile mills? 15. How many days a week could a factory worker expect to work during the Industrial Revolution? How many hours per day were generally worked? 16. List 3 problems early city life offered during the Industrial Revolution. 17. In which census year did more Americans, for the first time, live in cities rather than on farms? 18. In the end, the Industrial Revolution pushed the South further into which practice? 19. Which invention was the final breakthrough in making clothing quicker and cheaper?

4 20. What was special about John Deere s plow? 21. Cite 4 important details related to the invention of the McCormick Reaper. 22. Which item served as the biggest breakthrough in communication in the 1830s? Who was the inventor? 23. List 4 benefits created by railroads. 24. In which compass directions were the first railroads commonly set up? 25. Name the 3 original causes that trade unions worked for. 26. Which court case legalized trade unions? 27. Which type of laborer was most likely to join a union? 28. Which key tactic do unions use in order to get their demands met?

5 29. Which 2 ethnic groups made up the majority of U.S. immigration in the 1840s? 30. Which ethnic group emigrated to the U.S. because of a potato famine? 31. List 4 reasons that led to the creation of the Know Nothing Party. 32. Why did Southern planters need more new land to cultivate cotton? 33. Which 2 locations bought a majority of Southern cotton? 34. What did the success of cotton turn the institution of slavery into? 35. Instead of industry, what 2 enterprises did wealthy Southerners invest in? 36. List the Southern states that would be included in the Cotton Kingdom. 37. Name 4 other items, other than cotton, that were grown as cash crops in the South. 38. Cite 5 forms of livestock the South produced for a profit.

6 39. List and describe the 4 Southern social classes. 40. Which Southern social class made up the majority of the South? 41. Approximately what percentage of the South owned slaves? 42. List 4 reasons why slavery was generally supported by nonslaveholders in the South. 43. Approximately how many slaves lived in the South in 1860? 44. How did one become a free black in the South? List 4 possibilities. 45. Approximately how many free blacks lived in the South when the Civil War broke out? 46. Which escaped slave published the most popular slave narrative of the 1800s?

7 47. Why did slave owners dislike free blacks residing near slaves? 48. List 5 ways a slave could offer resistance, other than physical rebellion. 49. List 3 reasons stating why slave rebellions were generally rare. 50. Name 3 men responsible for organizing major slave revolts in the South during the early 1800s. 51. List examples of slave codes commonly enforced in the South. 52. List the 3 challenges to slave labor in the U.S. during the mid-1800s.

8 53. Compare and contrast the Northern and Southern economies as written in your notes. 54. Cite 5 reasons people were tempted to move westward in the U.S. during the beginning of the 19 th century. 55. Cite 5 reasons traveling westward might be unattractive at the beginning of the 19 th century. 56. Which man originally used a steam engine to power a boat? 57. Which man popularized the use of steamboats in the U.S.? 58. Who invented the flat-bottomed steamboat? 59. Who was the main promoter of building the Erie Canal? 60. Which main bodies of water are connected by the Erie Canal?