For Dairy Nutrient Management. February 19, 2015

Transcription

1 For Dairy Nutrient Management February 19, 2015

2 Keep five years worth of records to: Track agronomic applications to ensure good crop production and protect water from leaching or runoff Help evaluate application results Help plan future applications Meet state requirements per WAC

3 Required Records to show Agronomic Rate of Nutrient Application Agronomic rate means the application of nutrients to supply crop or plant nutrient needs to achieve realistic yields and minimize the movement of nutrients to surface and ground waters Clarified what records must be kept Penalties up to $5,000 per calendar year for lack of records.

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14 Weather Conditions 24 hours prior to During Applications

15 Manure Spreading Advisory and NOAA

16 Clip Forecast

17 USGS is actual gauge height at the bridge USGS historical 26&end_date= NOAA is actual and predicting

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22 NLOS: A Tool for Nitrogen Management Derek Hunt, Shabtai Bittman, Chris Clark

23 NLOS soil-water-plant nitrogen based on the USDA NLEAP model developed by Marv Schaffer et al. Fort Collins constructed in STELLA - intuitive icon-based modeling software with graphical interface manually translated FORTRAN code to STELLA kept original algorithms easy to add new algorithms and sub-models extensive output possible open source and easily modifiable daily time step XML-based model files which support the new industry standard for common interchange of systems dynamics models can integrate with other models to expand system boundaries

24 What is NLOS? Computer model that simulates the major soil processes involved in the Nitrogen cycle of agricultural soils: o Crop uptake o Runoff losses o Leaching o Volatilization o Nitrification o Denitrification o Mineralization o Immobilization

25 What is NLOS? Computer model that simulates the major soil processes involved in the Nitrogen cycle of agricultural soils: o Crop uptake o Runoff losses o Leaching o Volatilization o Nitrification o Denitrification o Mineralization o Immobilization Visual and measurable as feed protein

26 What is NLOS? Computer model that simulates the major soil processes involved in the Nitrogen cycle of agricultural soils: o Crop uptake o Runoff losses o Leaching o Volatilization o Nitrification o Denitrification o Mineralization o Immobilization Invisible Measurable as nitrate in surface and groundwater

27 What is NLOS? Computer model that simulates the major soil processes involved in the Nitrogen cycle of agricultural soils: o Crop uptake o Runoff losses o Leaching o Volatilization o Nitrification o Denitrification o Mineralization o Immobilization Invisible Associate with odour Very difficult to measure

28 What is NLOS? Computer model that simulates the major soil processes involved in the Nitrogen cycle of agricultural soils: o Crop uptake o Runoff losses o Leaching o Volatilization o Nitrification o Denitrification o Mineralization o Immobilization Invisible Occur in the soil Microbes Extremely difficult to measure

29 What is NLOS? Computer model that simulates the major soil processes involved in the Nitrogen cycle of agricultural soils: o Crop uptake o Runoff losses o Leaching o Volatilization o Nitrification o Denitrification o Mineralization o Immobilization Computer models can be used as tools to visualize soil processes Analogous to microscope, telescope, x-rays.

30 How? Computer software simulates the major soil processes Layout conceptually the soil N processes Enter equations

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33 Weather data drives the model Rainfall

34 Weather data drives the model ET = Evapotranspiration Min and Max Temperature

35 Visualize N in the soil Manure application

36 Visualize N in the soil Soil nitrate

37 Visualize N in the soil Soil mineralization

38 NO3-N (kg/ha) Weather effect is on soil nitrate movement in top 30cm Dry May-June leaves nitrate within root depth Wet May- June moves nitrate below root depth /1/2014 4/11/2014 7/20/ /28/2014 Wet - Wet Dry - Wet

39 Soil NO 3 -N (kg/ha) Simulated and measured soil nitrate with two fall scenarios Manure Applied Fertilizer applied Fertilizer or manure applied 0 6/Feb/11 17/May/11 25/Aug/11 3/Dec/11 12/Mar/12 20/Jun/12 28/Sep/12 Farm field Field measurements Scenario 1 Scenario 2

40 Context for NLOS on the Web Farmers are under growing pressure to increase crop production, often on limited land, with minimum inputs while reducing their environmental footprint to near zero There are several cropping tools to help farmers manage crops o soil and tissue testing o precision spatial management, o remote sensing o delayed release nutrients o in-season nutrient application Improved crop management will also depend more on knowledge tools such as soil-plant system models to track and predict complex soil processes and crop responses.

41 NLOS to the Web 1. available on the web with and interface to NLOS which facilitates modification, especially for non-modellers 2. run the model on the web in real time using daily weather data grabbed from online weather stations and customized weather stations if available 3. freely available 4. model and interface evolve 5. users develop their own model calibrations relating to their own site and management

42 Unique aspects of NLOS on the WEB are: Coupling in real-time of on-farm weather data, soil temperature and soil moisture with a complete soil nitrogen-plant-water simulation model. User capability to enter their own soil data and management information and see in real-time the consequences of their management decisions. Actual on-farm testing can be conducted for a location where predictions are made. Simulations from the tool can then be compared with on-site soil, water and plant samples. Allows for validation of the underlying soil N-plant-water model as well as providing information for model improvement and adaptation. What if scenario analyses can be performed in real-time by farmers and other users allowing for in season changes to management practices.

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46 Quick Summary of NLOS on the Web Corn Agassiz 4 Feb 18 application Corn Agassiz 3 May 1 application

47 In development! Scenarios to get you up and running with most of the inputs included