2003 Acoma/Laguna Irrigation Water Use Survey

Transcription

1 2003 Prepared for: Prepared by: United States Department of Interior Keller-Bliesner Engineering LLC Bureau of Indian Affairs Logan, Utah Albuquerque Area Office February 17, 2003 and United States Department of Justice Environment and Natural Resources Division Denver Office Overview This survey of Acoma Pueblo and Laguna Pueblo irrigation water use is in support of the claim by the United States to the rights of the Pueblos to use water. The objective of the survey was to identify and catalog all lands that have ever been irrigated on the Acoma and Laguna Indian Reservations within the Rio San Jose Basin in central western New Mexico. Various sources of information were employed to do this, including written documents, maps, aerial photography and physical inspection. The vast majority of the irrigated area is along the Rio San Jose, Encinal Creek and Rio Paguate. Additionally, there are two small irrigated tracts south of the Rio San Jose. Data Sources Section, Township and Range data, and Reservation Boundary data were obtained from the Bureau of Land Management s, Geographic Coordinate Data Base. This data is located at the following URL - The following is a list of the maps that were used: Map of a Portion of the Lands of the Acoma Laguna Indians, Hypsometric and Hydrographic, Valencia County, New Mexico, Field Work by S.S. Carroll, Asst. Engr., June There is a note on the map that says This map shows all of the lands irrigated from the water of the San Jose River by the Acoma and Laguna Indians. Lands Cultivated in 1920 by the Acoma and Laguna Indians in the valley of Rio San Jose, Valencia County, New Mexico, Survey by P. Flitman, May Map Showing Cultivated Land & Ditch System of Laguna Indians, New Mexico, 1920, Survey completed June 14, Keller-Bliesner Engineering LLC 1 2/17/03

2 Acoma Pueblo New Mexico Topographic Map Showing Cultivated Areas, Sept. 2, 1932, Department of the Interior, US Indian Irrigation Service. Laguna Pueblo New Mexico Topographic Map Irrigable Areas Under Rio San Jose, Sept. 17, 1932, Department of the Interior, US Indian Irrigation Service. Laguna Pueblo Lands, United Indian Pueblos, Agronomic Survey, Rio Grande District, Albuquerque, New Mexico, Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, cca. 1936, 11 sheets. Acoma Pueblo Agriculture Land, 1939, 16 sheets. Aerial photography in digital orthophoto format from 1935, 1956 (Acoma only), 1981 and 1997 was employed. The 1997 orthophotos are USGS Digital Ortho Quarter Quadrangles (DOQQ). The 1935 digital orthophotos and the DOQQs were obtained from the Resource Geographic Information System, Earth Data Analysis Center, at the University of New Mexico. The 1935 orthophotos have a pixel size of two meters, and the DOQQs have a pixel size of one meter. The 1956 orthophotos were provided by Natural Resources Consulting Engineers in Fort Collins, Colorado. They have a pixel size of 5.2 feet. Pacific Western Technologies in Albuquerque, New Mexico, under subcontract to Keller-Bliesner Engineering LLC, converted 1981 aerial photography to digital orthophotos. These orthophotos are in NM State Plane, West Zone, NAD 83 coordinates, and have a pixel size of two feet. These orthophotos were prepared according to the standards set forth in the Hydrographic Survey Technical Specifications by the Hydrographic Survey Bureau, New Mexico Office of the State Engineer. These sets of orthophotos provide a means of accurately locating irrigated areas, both in the field and from the office, they provide a base map for delineating these areas, and they are included as layers in the ArcView GIS developed for this Water Use Survey. Procedures This survey was prepared according to the Plan Governing Preparation by the United States of Hydrographic Survey of Tribal Water Uses submitted to the presiding court by the State of New Mexico on June 15, This plan included the Hydrographic Survey Technical Specifications by the Hydrographic Survey Bureau, New Mexico Office of the State Engineer, as Exhibit A. Some aspects of this exhibit are not applicable here (notably Section 2 Technical Specifications for Hydrographic Survey Field Inspections ). A geographic information system (GIS) was developed utilizing all the map and orthophoto sets referred to above. The orthophotos that were not in State Plane coordinates were converted to NM State Plane, West Zone, NAD83 coordinates. The maps were scanned to create digital images, and then the digital images were photo-referenced to the orthophotos and section data using section corners and features that could be identified on both the map and on the ground. This created a multi-layer overlapping system where each map or orthophoto could be turned on and off as needed. Keller-Bliesner Engineering LLC 2 2/17/03

3 As a starting point for delineating the irrigated areas, the irrigated tracts in the Acoma and Laguna area shown on the 1989 hydrographic survey maps were added to the GIS. This was done by scanning the physical maps, which have a scale of 1 inch = 300 feet, to obtain digital images. The irrigated tract boundaries and ditches were then manually digitized off of these digital images to obtain digital maps showing the tract boundaries and ditches. These digital maps were then registered to the orthophotos to convert them to the State Plane coordinate system. To identify irrigated areas the GIS was utilized in the field, and in the office. In the field, a laptop running the GIS was connected to a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver providing real-time positions of the user. This facilitated mapping and navigation. In the office the GIS was utilized to identify irrigated areas from any of the time periods of the map or orthophoto data. For any given parcel, each of the data sets was scrutinized to identify the existence of irrigation. For point-of-diversion coordinates, many of the ditch diversion structures are visible on the orthophotos. For these the coordinates were obtained from the orthophotos. For the diversion structures that are not visible on the photos, the coordinates were obtained in the field using a GPS receiver. Consumptive irrigation requirements (CIR) were computed using the Hargreaves-Samani method for computing crop evapotranspiration and the Soil Conservation Service Technical Report 21 for computing effective precipitation. The normal temperatures and precipitation data from San Fidel, Cubero, and Laguna, NM climate stations were used for the climate input. The planting, harvest, and growth intervals for the crops in the mix were taken from Bulletin 531, Consumptive Irrigation Requirements of Selected Irrigated Areas in New Mexico for the Grants-Bluewater area, page 36. The irrigated crop mix used for this survey was based primarily on cropping reports for and adjusted fallow percentage using data from the 1910 map of irrigation described above. The resulting historical mix consisted of 10% alfalfa, 9% corn, 10% spring small grains, 40% winter wheat, 2% miscellaneous garden, 10% irrigated pasture, 1% orchard and 18% fallow. It is believed this mix best represents the historical average for the Pueblos 1. The CIR calculated for the historical crop mix using the average of the San Fidel and Cubero climate data is inches per year. The CIR computed with the Laguna climate data for Laguna is inches per year. The average of these CIR, inches or 1.56 ft, was applied to all Pueblo irrigated lands. (Please see Appendix A of this report for data and details the CIR calculation.) 1 More recently small grains and wheat together make up less than 2% of the crop mix (as compared to 50% in the historical mix) with their historical percentages shifting primarily to alfalfa and corn, which together make up the majority (60%) of the current irrigated acreage. The balance of current irrigated acreage is in pasture, miscellaneous garden crops, and orchard and is not significantly different in the percentage of these crops from the historical mix. Keller-Bliesner Engineering LLC 3 2/17/03

4 An on-farm irrigation efficiency of 50% was used to arrive at a farm delivery requirement (water duty) of 3.11 acre-feet/acre. An off-farm efficiency of 70% was used resulting in a diversion requirement of 4.45 acre-feet/acre. Return flow was assumed to be 40% of the farm delivery requirement plus 25% of the diversion requirement. This results in an incidental consumptive loss of 35% of the CIR. Thus the total depletion (CIR + incidental loss) is 2.10 acre-feet/acre. These diversion and depletions rates were assumed for all Pueblo irrigated lands except for those supplied by well. For irrigation by well the diversion was set equal to the water duty (3.11 acrefeet/acre) and the incidental loss to 10% of CIR. This results in a depletion of 1.71 acre-feet/acre for irrigation from wells with the exception of a acre drip irrigation system utilizing well number LW-083. For this drip system, the depletion was set equal to the CIR of 1.56 acrefeet/acre, and, using an irrigation efficiency of 80%, a diversion of 1.95 acre-feet/acre was determined. Results Results of the irrigation water use for the Acoma and Laguna Indian Reservations within the Rio San Jose Basin are listed by track in Table 1 for the Acoma Pueblo and Tables 2 and 3 for the Laguna Pueblo. These tables reference map sheets that accompany this document and list the water source, ditch, and depletion and diversion associated with each irrigated track. Table 4 gives location details for the points of diversion. The total irrigated acreage from surface waters for the Acoma Pueblo was found to be 2,542.4 acres with a depletion of 5,341.3 acre-feet and a diversion requirement of 11,304.4 acre-feet (see total at bottom of Table 1). The total irrigated acreage from surface waters for the Laguna Pueblo was found to be 5,927.1 acres with a depletion of 12,452.4 acre-feet and a diversion requirement of 26,354.3 acre-feet (see total at bottom of Table 2). The total irrigated acreage from well water for the Laguna Pueblo was found to be 36.0 acres with a depletion of 56.9 acre-feet and a diversion requirement of 76.8 acre-feet (see total at bottom of Table 3). Keller-Bliesner Engineering LLC 4 2/17/03

5 Table 1. Acoma Pueblo Irrigation Uses Served By Diversion from Surface Water Sources. Map Tract Acres Source Ditch Depletion Diversion Sheet A-1 Tract A Rio San Jose Subirrigated Sheet A-1 Tract A Rio San Jose Subirrigated Sheet A-1 Tract A Rio San Jose Subirrigated Sheet A-1 Tract A Rio San Jose Subirrigated Sheet A-1 Tract A Rio San Jose Anzac Sheet A-1 Tract A Rio San Jose Subirrigated Sheet A-1 Tract A Rio San Jose Subirrigated Sheet A-1 Tract A Rio San Jose Hunt's Sheet A-1 Tract A Rio San Jose Anzac Sheet A-1 Tract A Rio San Jose Subirrigated Sheets A-1 & 2 Tract A Rio San Jose Subirrigated Sheets A-1 & 2 Tract A Rio San Jose Subirrigated Sheet A-2 Tract A Rio San Jose Anzac Sheet A-2 Tract A Rio San Jose Anzac Sheet A-2 Tract A Rio San Jose McCarty's Sheet A-2 Tract A Rio San Jose McCarty's Sheet A-2 Tract A Rio San Jose Anzac Sheet A-2 Tract A Rio San Jose Anzac Sheets A-2 & 3 Tract A Rio San Jose McCarty's Sheets A-2 & 3 Tract A Rio San Jose Anzac Sheet A-3 Tract A Rio San Jose Anzac Sheet A-3 Tract A Rio San Jose Anzac Sheet A-3 Tract A Rio San Jose Anzac Sheet A-3 Tract A Rio San Jose McCarty's Sheet A-3 Tract A Rio San Jose McCarty's Sheet A-3 Tract A Rio San Jose McCarty's Sheet A-3 Tract A Rio San Jose Sarracino Sheet A-3 Tract A Rio San Jose Sarracino Sheet A-3 Tract A Rio San Jose McCarty's Sheet A-4 Tract A Rio San Jose McCarty's Sheet A-4 Tract A Rio San Jose McCarty's Sheet A-4 Tract A Rio San Jose McCarty's Sheet A-4 Tract A Rio San Jose McCarty's Sheet A-4 Tract A Rio San Jose McCarty's Sheet A-4 Tract A Rio San Jose McCarty's Sheet A-4 Tract A Rio San Jose McCarty's Sheet A-4 Tract A Rio San Jose McCarty's Sheet A-4 Tract A Rio San Jose McCarty's Sheet A-4 Tract A Rio San Jose McCarty's Sheet A-4 Tract A Rio San Jose McCarty's Sheet A-4 Tract A Rio San Jose McCarty's Sheet A-4 Tract A Rio San Jose McCarty's Sheets A-4, 5 & 6 Tract A Rio San Jose McCarty's Keller-Bliesner Engineering LLC 5 2/17/03

6 Table 1. Acoma Pueblo Irrigation Uses Served By Diversion from Surface Water Sources (continued) Map Tract Acres Source Ditch Depletion Diversion Sheet A-4 Tract A Rio San Jose McCarty's Sheets A-4 & 6 Tract A Rio San Jose McCarty's Sheets A-4, 5, 6 & 7 Tract A Rio San Jose McCarty's Sheet A-5 Tract A Rio San Jose Acomita Sheet A-5 Tract A Rio San Jose McCarty's Sheet A-5 Tract A Rio San Jose McCarty's Sheet A-5 Tract A Rio San Jose Acomita Sheet A-5 Tract A Rio San Jose Acomita Sheets A-5 & 7 Tract A Rio San Jose Acomita Sheets A-5 & 7 Tract A Rio San Jose Acomita Sheet A-5 Insert 1 Tract A Canyon Largo T8N R8W S7 Reservoir Sheet A-5 Insert 2 Tract A Cebollita Creek DO Garcia Sheet A-5 Insert 2 Tract A Cebollita Creek DO Garcia Sheet A-6 Tract A Rio San Jose McCarty's Sheet A-6 Tract A Rio San Jose McCarty's Sheet A-6 Tract A Rio San Jose McCarty's Sheet A-6 Tract A Rio San Jose McCarty's Sheet A-6 Tract A Rio San Jose McCarty's Sheet A-6 Tract A Rio San Jose McCarty's Sheet A-6 Tract A Rio San Jose McCarty's Sheet A-6 Tract A Rio San Jose McCarty's Sheets A-6 & 7 Tract A Rio San Jose McCarty's Sheets A-6 & 7 Tract A Rio San Jose McCarty's Sheet A-7 Tract A Rio San Jose McCarty's Sheet A-7 Tract A Rio San Jose McCarty's Sheet A-7 Tract A Rio San Jose McCarty's Sheet A-7 Tract A Rio San Jose Acomita Sheet A-7 Tract A Rio San Jose McCarty's Sheet A-7 Tract A Rio San Jose McCarty's Sheet A-7 Tract A Rio San Jose McCarty's Sheet A-7 Tract A Rio San Jose McCarty's Sheet A-7 Tract A Rio San Jose McCarty's Sheet A-7 Tract A Rio San Jose Acomita Sheet A-7 Tract A Rio San Jose Acomita Sheets A-7 & 8 Tract A Rio San Jose Acomita Sheets A-7 & 8 Tract A Rio San Jose Acomita Sheets A-7 & 8 Tract A Rio San Jose Acomita Sheet A-8 Tract A Rio San Jose Acomita Sheet A-8 Tract A Rio San Jose Acomita Sheet A-8 Tract A Rio San Jose Acomita Sheet A-8 Tract A Rio San Jose Seama Paraje Sheet A-8 Tract A Rio San Jose Acomita Total Keller-Bliesner Engineering LLC 6 2/17/03

7 Table 2. Laguna Pueblo Irrigation Uses Served By Diversion from Surface Water Sources. Map Tract Acres Source Ditch Depletion Diversion Sheets L-1 & 2 Tract L Rio San Jose Seama Paraje Sheets L-1 & 2 Tract L Rio San Jose Acomita Sheet L-1 Tract L Water Canyon Water Canyon W Sheet L-1 Tract L Water Canyon Water Canyon E Sheet L-1 Tract L Water Canyon Water Canyon E Sheets L-1 & 2 Tract L Rio San Jose Acomita Sheet L-1 Tract L Rio San Jose Acomita Sheets L-1, 2 & 3 Tract L Rio San Jose Acomita Sheet L-2 Tract L Rio San Jose Acomita Sheet L-2 Tract L Rio San Jose Acomita Sheet L-2 Tract L Rio San Jose Seama Paraje Sheet L-2 Tract L Rio San Jose Acomita Sheet L-2 Tract L Rio San Jose Seama Paraje Sheet L-2 Tract L Rio San Jose Acomita Sheets L-2 & 3 Tract L Rio San Jose Seama Paraje Sheet L-3 Tract L Rio San Jose Seama Paraje Sheet L-3 Tract L Rio San Jose Casa Blanca Sheets L-3 & 4 Tract L Rio San Jose Seama Paraje Sheets L-3 & 4 Tract L Rio San Jose Casa Blanca Sheets L-3 & 4 Tract L Rio San Jose Casa Blanca Sheet L-3 Tract L Rio San Jose Casa Blanca Sheets L-3, 4 & 5 Tract L Rio San Jose Casa Blanca Sheet L-4 Tract L Rio San Jose Seama Paraje Sheets L-4 & 5 Tract L Rio San Jose Seama Paraje Sheets L-4, 6 & 7 Tract L Rio San Jose Seama Paraje Sheets L-4, 5, 6 & 7 Tract L Rio San Jose Seama Paraje Sheet L-5 Tract L Rio San Jose Casa Blanca Sheet L-5 Tract L Rio San Jose Casa Blanca Sheet L-5 Tract L Rio San Jose Casa Blanca Sheets L-6, 7 & 8 Tract L Rio San Jose Seama Paraje Sheets L-6, 8 & 9 Tract L Rio San Jose Seama Paraje Sheet L-7 Tract L Rio San Jose Seama Paraje Sheet L-7 Tract L Rio San Jose Seama Paraje Sheet L-7 Tract L Rio San Jose Seama Paraje Sheet L-7 Tract L Rio San Jose Seama Paraje Sheet L-7 Tract L Rio San Jose Seama Paraje Sheet L-9 Tract L Rio San Jose Seama Paraje Sheet L-10 Tract L Rio San Jose Mesita Sheet L-10 Tract L Rio San Jose Mesita Sheet L-10 Tract L Rio San Jose Mesita Sheet L-10 Tract L Rio San Jose Mesita Sheets L-10 & 11 Tract L Rio San Jose Mesita Sheets L-11 & 12 Tract L Rio San Jose El Rito Keller-Bliesner Engineering LLC 7 2/17/03

8 Table 2. Laguna Pueblo Irrigation Uses Served By Diversion from Surface Water Sources (continued) Map Tract Acres Source Ditch Depletion Diversion Sheet L-13 Insert Tract L Encinal Creek Encinal W Sheet L-13 Insert Tract L Encinal Creek Encinal W Sheet L-13 Tract L Encinal Creek Encinal W Sheet L-13 Tract L Encinal Creek Encinal E Sheet L-13 Tract L Encinal Creek Encinal E Sheet L-13 Tract L Encinal Creek Encinal E Sheet L-13 Tract L Encinal Creek Encinal W Sheet L-13 Tract L Encinal Creek Encinal W Sheet L-13 Tract L Encinal Creek Encinal W Sheet L-13 Tract L Encinal Creek Encinal W Sheet L-13 Tract L Encinal Creek Encinal W Sheets L-13 & 14 Tract L Encinal Creek Encinal W Sheets L-13 & 14 Tract L Encinal Creek Encinal W Sheets L-13 & 14 Tract L Encinal Creek Encinal W Sheet L-14 Tract L Encinal Creek Encinal W Sheet L-14 Tract L Encinal Creek Encinal W Sheet L-14 Tract L Encinal Creek Encinal W Sheet L-14 Tract L Encinal Creek Encinal W Sheet L-14 Tract L Encinal Creek Encinal W Sheet L-14 Tract L Encinal Creek Encinal W Sheet L-14 Tract L Encinal Creek Encinal W Sheets L-14 & 15 Tract L Encinal Creek Encinal W Sheet L-15 Tract L Encinal Creek Encinal W Sheet L-15 Tract L Encinal Creek Encinal W Sheet L-15 Tract L Encinal Creek Encinal W Sheet L-15 Tract L Ground water Other Spring #LS Sheet L-15 Tract L Ground water Other Spring #LS Sheet L-16 Tract L Rio Paguate Paguate E Sheet L-16 Tract L Rio Paguate Paguate W Sheet L-16 Tract L Rio Paguate Paguate E Sheet L-16 Tract L Rio Paguate Paguate W Sheet L-16 Tract L Rio Paguate Paguate W Sheet L-16 Tract L Rio Paguate Paguate E Sheet L-16 Tract L Rio Paguate Paguate E Sheet L-16 Tract L Rio Paguate Paguate E Sheet L-16 Tract L Rio Paguate Paguate E Sheet L-16 Tract L Rio Paguate Paguate E Sheet L-16 Tract L Rio Paguate Paguate E Sheets L-16 & 17 Tract L Rio Paguate Paguate W Sheets L-16, 17 & 18 Tract L Rio Paguate Paguate E Sheets L-16 & 17 Tract L Rio Paguate Paguate W Sheet L-16 Tract L Rio Paguate Paguate E Sheets L-16 & 18 Tract L Rio Paguate Paguate E Sheets L-17 & 18 Tract L Rio Paguate Paguate E Sheet L-17 Tract L Rio Paguate Paguate W Keller-Bliesner Engineering LLC 8 2/17/03

9 Table 2. Laguna Pueblo Irrigation Uses Served By Diversion from Surface Water Sources (continued) Map Tract Acres Source Ditch Depletion Diversion Sheets L-17 & 18 Tract L Rio Paguate Paguate E Sheet L-17 Tract L Rio Paguate Paguate E Sheet L-17 Tract L Rio Paguate Paguate E Sheet L-17 Tract L Rio Paguate Paguate W Sheet L-17 Tract L Rio Paguate Paguate E Sheets L-17 & 18 Tract L Rio Paguate Paguate E Sheet L-17 Tract L Rio Paguate Paguate E Sheet L-17 Tract L Rio Paguate Paguate E Sheet L-17 Tract L Rio Paguate Paguate E Sheet L-17 Tract L Rio Paguate Paguate W Sheet L-17 Tract L Rio Paguate Paguate E Sheets L-17 & 19 Tract L Rio Paguate Paguate E Sheet L-17 Tract L Rio Paguate Paguate W Sheets L-17 & 19 Tract L Rio Paguate Paguate W Sheet L-18 Tract L Rio Paguate Paguate E Sheet L-18 Tract L Rio Paguate Paguate E Sheet L-18 Tract L Rio Paguate Paguate E Sheet L-18 Tract L Rio Paguate Paguate E Sheet L-18 Tract L Rio Paguate Paguate E Sheet L-18 Tract L Rio Paguate Paguate E Sheet L-18 Tract L Rio Paguate Paguate E Sheet L-18 Tract L Rio Paguate Paguate E Sheet L-18 Tract L Rio Paguate Paguate E Sheet L-18 Tract L Rio Paguate Paguate E Sheet L-18 Tract L Rio Paguate Paguate E Sheet L-18 Tract L Rio Paguate Paguate E Sheet L-18 Tract L Rio Paguate Paguate E Sheet L-18 Tract L Rio Paguate Paguate E Sheet L-19 Tract L Rio Paguate Paguate E Sheet L-19 Tract L Rio Paguate Paguate E Sheet L-19 Tract L Rio Paguate Paguate E Sheet L-19 Tract L Rio Paguate Paguate E Sheet L-19 Tract L Rio Paguate Paguate W Sheet L-19 Tract L Rio Paguate Paguate E Sheet L-19 Tract L Rio Paguate Paguate W Sheet L-19 Tract L Rio Paguate Paguate W Total Keller-Bliesner Engineering LLC 9 2/17/03

10 Table 3. Laguna Pueblo Irrigation Uses Served By Wells. Map Tract Acres Well ID Number Depletion Diversion Sheet L-8 Tract L Other - LW Sheet L-8 Tract L Other - LW Sheet L-8 Tract L Other - LW Sheet L-9 Tract L Other - Laguna Municipal Sheet L-9 Tract L Other - Laguna Municipal Sheet L-14 Tract L Other - LW Total Keller-Bliesner Engineering LLC 10 2/17/03

11 Table 4. Diversion Location Details for Ditches, Subirrigation, and Wells Serving Irrigation on Acoma and Laguna Pueblos. State Planes, NAD 83, New Mexico West Point of Diversion for X coordinate Y coordinate Map Notes Acomita Ditch 2,784,577 1,476,479 Sheet A-5 Anzac Ditch 2,747,866 1,482,063 Sheet A-1 Casa Blanca Ditch 2,821,638 1,471,283 Sheet L-3 DO Garcia Ditch 2,732,630 1,399,289 Sheet A-5 Insert El Rito Ditch 2,883,803 1,456,278 Sheet L-11 Estimated location Encinal East Ditch 2,833,059 1,507,801 Beyond map boundary Encinal West Ditch 2,833,255 1,511,777 Beyond map boundary Hunt's Ditch 2,750,475 1,479,429 Sheet A-1 Laguna Municipal Well 2,856,647 1,467,813 Sheet L-9 McCarty's Ditch 2,763,397 1,478,818 Sheet A-2 Mesita Ditch 2,874,988 1,464,310 Beyond map boundary Paguate East Ditch 2,848,514 1,512,601 Sheet L-16 Paguate West Ditch 2,851,141 1,511,733 Sheet L-16 Sarracino Ditch 2,772,669 1,478,731 Sheet A-3 Seama Paraje Ditch 2,806,244 1,475,387 Sheet A-8 Spring #LS-029 2,834,550 1,490,200 Sheet L-15 Subirrigated Tract A-1 2,747,565 1,482,638 Same Sheet as Tract Coordinates are centroid of tract Subirrigated Tract A-2 2,747,640 1,482,368 Same Sheet as Tract Coordinates are centroid of tract Subirrigated Tract A-3 2,747,694 1,481,986 Same Sheet as Tract Coordinates are centroid of tract Subirrigated Tract A-5 2,748,730 1,481,037 Same Sheet as Tract Coordinates are centroid of tract Subirrigated Tract A-6 2,750,073 1,480,181 Same Sheet as Tract Coordinates are centroid of tract Subirrigated Tract A-8 2,752,645 1,480,574 Same Sheet as Tract Coordinates are centroid of tract Subirrigated Tract A-10 2,756,673 1,479,034 Same Sheet as Tract Coordinates are centroid of tract Subirrigated Tract A-11 2,757,914 1,479,771 Same Sheet as Tract Coordinates are centroid of tract Subirrigated Tract A-12 2,759,223 1,478,610 Same Sheet as Tract Coordinates are centroid of tract T8N R8W S7 Reservoir Ditch 2,759,363 1,433,362 Sheet A-5 Insert Trujillo Ditch 2,857,565 1,507,164 Sheet L-17 Water Canyon East Ditch 2,815,591 1,486,083 Beyond map boundary Estimated location Water Canyon West Ditch 2,815,566 1,486,103 Beyond map boundary Well #LW-066 2,858,611 1,472,361 Sheet L-8 Well #LW-083 2,828,228 1,498,154 Sheet L-14 Keller-Bliesner Engineering LLC 11 2/17/03

12 Appendix A. Computing Consumptive Irrigation Requirement for Acoma and Laguna Pueblos by the Hargreaves-Samani Method Introduction The consumptive use and consumptive irrigation requirements are determined using a temperature radiation method described by Hargreaves and Samani (1,2). In the method, crop consumptive use, often called crop evapotranspiration (ET), is assumed to vary with temperature and incident solar radiation. Expressed mathematically the reference evapotranspiration (ETr) is related to air temperature and solar radiation: ETr = x Ra x TD 0.5 x TE where Ra is extraterrestrial radiation (units determine ET units) TD is temperature difference (maximum-minimum), EF TE is mean temperature, EF The daily extraterrestrial radiation (Ra) is estimated using the following set of equations described by Guttman (3). Ra = 1440 S/B (1 + e cos d) 2 /(1-e*e)(h sin LAT sin DEC + cos LAT cos DEC sin h) where: Ra S e d where: JD LAT where: F where: = extraterrestrial radiation in langleys/day = solar constant = ly/min = ellipticity of earth's orbit = = angular displacement from major axis in degrees = 360E/ (JD+363) for 1#JD#2 = 360E/ (JD-2) for 3#JD#365 = julian day = latitude in decimal degrees = degrees latitude + minutes latitude/60 DEC = declination in degrees = sin E sin F N h = sin N cos N sin 2N cos 2N + N = 360E/ (JD-1) for 1#JD#365 = solar hour angle = arccos[(sin(-5/6)e-sin LAT sin DEC)/(cos LAT cos DEC)] Keller-Bliesner Engineering LLC A-1 2/17/03

13 The consumptive irrigation requirement (CIR) for each is calculated by subtracting the effective precipitation from the monthly crop consumptive use. Effective precipitation depends on adjusting the actual precipitation using the mean monthly consumptive use and the depth of irrigation. The effective precipitation (r e ) was computed using the SCS TR21 method (4) as follows: r e = ( (r) ) (10) u (f) where: r = mean monthly rainfall u = monthly consumptive use for a particular crop f = D D D 3 D = depth of applied water per irrigation as inches Weather Data Three weather stations were used in calculating the CIR for the Acoma and Laguna Pueblos. The stations and the periods of record are shown in Table A-1. Table A-1. Climate Stations In and Near Acoma and Laguna Pueblos and Their Periods of Record. Station Record Cuba, NM Cubero, NM Laguana,NM San Fidel,NM Cubero and San Fidel station data were combined to produce a complete record from 1948 to The missing daily temperature and daily precipitation record at the combined station and at the Cuba and Laguna stations were filled using a correlation method against the other two stations. Monthly summaries were created from the daily data. The Laguna weather station was used to calculate the crop CIR for the Laguna Pueblo and the combined San Fidel/Cubero station was used to estimate the crop CIR for the Acoma Pueblo. The Cuba station was only used in the filling of missing data. Summary data representing averages are shown in tables 2 and 3. Keller-Bliesner Engineering LLC A-2 2/17/03

14 Table A-2. Summary Data for Acoma Pueblo (National Weather Service Stations at San Fidel and Cubero, NM ) Acoma Pueblo Elevation = 6195' Latitude = 35 05' Longitude = ' Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Annual Max temp Min temp Prec(in) Mean frost dates at site Spring 28 Frost: May Frost: May 13 Fall 32 Frost: Sep Frost: Oct 04 Table A-3. Summary Data for Laguna Pueblo (National Weather Service station at Laguna, NM) Laguna Pueblo Elevation = 5800' Latitude = 35 02' Longitude = ' Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Annual Max temp Min temp Prec(in) Mean frost dates at site Spring 28 Frost: Apr Frost: May 07 Fall 32 Frost: Oct Frost: Oct 22 Crop Mix and Crop Coefficients The crop mix consisted of 10% alfalfa, 9% corn, 10% spring small grains, 40% winter wheat, 2% miscellaneous garden, 10% irrigated pasture, 1% orchard and 18% fallow. The crop coefficients for the Hargreaves-Samani method are based on a grass reference crop. Table A-4 contains the crop coefficients used for calculating consumptive use. Alfalfa coefficients are broken into three growth intervals - up to first cutting, between cuttings, and after last cutting. To use these coefficients, alfalfa cutting dates must be estimated. For most other crops the coefficients are divided into two crop growth phases - before full cover and thereafter. To use these coefficients, not only are planting and harvesting dates needed, but also dates of attaining full cover are required. Table A-5 summarizes the crop growth data needed to complete the crop consumptive use. The same growth data were used for the irrigated lands of both pueblos. Table A-6 gives the resulting Hargreaves-Samani CIR using temperatures and precipitation from the San Fidel & Cubero climate stations for Acoma and Laguna climate station for Laguna. The mean CIR thus computed for Acoma and Laguna is inches or 1.56 acre-ft/acre. Keller-Bliesner Engineering LLC A-3 2/17/03

15 Table A-4. Crop Coefficients Used for Calculation of Crop Consumptive Use ALFALFA CORN SPRING GRAIN ORCHARD percent of growth period to first cutting percent of growth period between cuttings percent of growth period after last cutting percent of time to cover days after cover percent of time to cover days after cover Month of year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec WINTER WHEAT (FALL SEASON) percent of time to cover days after cover WINTER WHEAT (FOLLOWING SEASON) percent of time to cover days after cover MISC GARDEN percent of time to cover days after cover IRRIGATED PASTURE percent of time to cover days after cover Keller-Bliesner Engineering LLC A-4 2/17/03

16 Table A-5. Summary of Crop Growth Data Crop Growth Temperature Dates Total Season Begin End* Begin Cover End Days alfalfa Apr 15 Oct cutting dates: Jun 10 Jul 30 Sep 25 corn May 15 Jul 20 Oct orchard spring sm grains Apr 01 Jun 15 Jul winter wheat Sep 01 Dec 30 Nov winter wheat Mar 25 May 25 Jul misc garden May 15 Jul 15 Oct irr pasture Mar 27 Jun 30 Nov * Mean air temperatures for beginning and ending growth, except that 28 and 32 denote frost dates Table A-6. Hargreaves-Samani CIR using temperatures and precipitation from the San Fidel and Cubero climate stations for Acoma and Laguna climate station for Laguna. Acoma Pueblo Crop Mix (%) CIR (in) Mix Cir (in) Aflafa Corn Spring Grain Orchard Winter Wheat Misc. Garden Irrig. Pature Fallow Total Laguna Pueblo Crop Mix (%) CIR (in) Mix Cir (in) Aflafa Corn Spring Grain Orchard Winter Wheat Misc. Garden Irrig. Pature Fallow Total Keller-Bliesner Engineering LLC A-5 2/17/03

17 References 1. G. H. Hargreaves and G. L. Hargreaves, "Irrigation Scheduling and Water Management," Proceedings of the 12th Congress, International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage, pp G. H. Hargreaves and Z. A. Samani, "Estimating Potential Evapotranspiration," Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, pp , September N. D. Guttman and J. D. Matthews, "Computation of Extraterrestrial Solar Radiation, Solar Elevation Angle and True Solar Time of Sunrise and Sunset", Hourly Solar Radiation - Surface Meteorological Observations, SOLMET, Vol. 2, TD-9724, sponsored by DOE, Division of Solar Technology, Environmental and Resource Assessments Branch, pp , Feb Irrigation Water Requirements, Technical Release No. 21, Soil Conservation Service, Engineering Division, revised, September Keller-Bliesner Engineering LLC A-6 2/17/03