Water Saving Technology
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1 Water Saving Technology Water Demand & Irrigation Miguel Aguila Prof. Dr. S. Kleisinger Project for Water and Fertilizer Use Efficiency November 6, 2009 EDUCATIONAL AND WORK HISTORY Coordinator of Project for Water and Fertilizer Use efficiency, Company Behr AG, Germany Professor, Colegio de Postgraduados in Agricultural Sciences, Mexico Doctoral Studies, Ph.D., Agricultural Sciences University of Hohenheim, Germany Thesis: Development of a Fully Automated Micro irrigation System for Horticultural Production under Field-Grown Conditions Master in Science, M. Sc. Mexico. Rural Development, Thesis Efficiency of Water Use in Agriculture Computer Engineering, B. Sc.. Mexico. Thesis Design of a Printed Circuit Boards
2 Agriculture Production Requirements -Products with Quality, and Quantity -High Efficiency of Water Use (due also water shortage, scarcity and water prices: m³ aprox. 0,5 ) Planta Water Soil Weather Water Saving Technology Irrigation system: - Surface Irrigation - Sprinkler Irrigation - Drip Irrigation Determination of Water Quantity and Timing: - Climatic water balance - Soil moisture with Sensoren
3 It is not the quantity of water applied to a crop, it is the quantity of intelligence applied which determines the result, there is more due to intelligence than water in every case ALFRED DEAKIN l Irrigation Systems 2 l Determination of Water Requirements and Irrigation Software
4 1 l Irrigation Systems Situation of the irrigation in Spain (Small Vegetables) Combination of Irrigations Systems Planting, Lettuce Field, Spain
5 Irrigation Car (30 min. after Planting) Local Irrigation to avoid initial stress
6 Installation of sprinkler irrigation (30 min./ha aprox.) Sprinkler Irrigation(begin 90 min. after Planting) During initial stage, 2-3 weeks
7 Water Source Water Reservoir Pump Station and Fertigation System
8 Drip Irrigation Installation (1h /ha aprox.) Drip irrigation during crop development, mid and late-season (during 5-10 weeks)
9 Double drip tubes density Soil water content between two drip tubes before and after irrigation Situation of the Irrigation in Germany
10 Double irrigation cannon Sprinkler Irrigation, midsize cannon
11 Reducing soil water evaporation Nozzle irrigation
12 Water Source (Groundwater) Mobile Drip and Sprinkler Irrigation on Linear Irrigation Machines Hamburg Germany
13 Combination of irrigation techniques - Sprinkler - Drip tubes and - Nozzles Sprinkler or nozzle irrigation during initial stage
14 Nozzle irrigation Mobile drip irrigation during crop development, mid and late-season
15 Mobile Drip-Irrigation Requirements Precision Planting
16 Adequate Micro-Irrigation Inadequate Micro-Irrigation
17 Energy Requirements Components: Water Valves and Micro-Irrigation tubes
18 Mobile Drip-Irrigation, Mexico (Master-Tesis) Mobile Drip-Irrigation, Mexico (Installation of the machine)
19 Surface Irrigation, China
20 Australia, Irrigation District, (Furrow Irrigation)
21 Furrow irrigation using siphon tubes (One person can irrigate 500 ha) Furrow irrigation in sugarcane
22 Drip irrigation in maize Water Use Efficiency, Australia
23 Efficiency of irrigation water use in Agriculture (Mexico) Agriculture: use 83% of total fresh water Problems: low efficiency of irrigation and soil erosion Efficiency of Conduction: 60-65% Field Efficiency: 50 60% Global Efficiency: 30 39% Situation of the Irrigation Inadequate irrigation practices are causing excessive evaporation and deep percolation losses
24 Inadequate Irrigation Practices, effect of water stress 2 l Determination of Water Requirements Methods to estimate irrigation needs: - Climatic water balance - Soil moisture with TDR or FDR-Sensors...
25 Soil Moisture Measurement in Root Zone (10 cm steps) content Devices for monitoring soil moisture and fertilizer Total ions+ -) SENTEK SENSOR : (FDR Technology), Australia EnviroScan (Constant Measurement and Moisture monitoring) EnviroSmart (Remote Moisture monitoring ) EasyAG (Local Moisture Sensor) TriScan Soil Moisture and Fertilizer Content (Measurement
26 Sensor TriScan Sentek Constant Soil Moisture and Fertilizer Content Measurement Sensor Diviner 2000 Sentek Mobile Soil Moisture Measurement Profundity 1,5 m in 10 cm Steps
27 Soil Moisture Measurement Access tube Installation
28 Data Analysis Mobile Soil Moisture Measurement
29 Labour intensive Installation TDR Sensor (used to measure volumetric soil water content)
30 Climatic Water Balance The Soil-Water-Plant-Atmosphere-Continuum Radiation Atmospheric humidity Air temperature Heat exchange Infiltration Transpiration Interception Evaporation Rain Photosynthesis & respiration Surface runoff Wind Heat flux Soil aeration & respiration Microfauna & microorganisms Capillary rise Capillary fringe Water table Water & nutrient uptake Solute movement Leaching & groundwater recharge Plant Soil Water Weather
31 Weather Station Components Climatic water balance DWD - Data or In Situ-Data?
32 Reference Evapotranspiration (hourly) ETo computed from meteorological data Equation Penman-Monteith ET 0 ( Rn G) * M W ( ea ed ) ( *) R r ( *) V Soil Characteristics and Measurements of the root profundity
33 Irrigation System Operation TDR- Sensor Control Ja Datenlogger FC PWP RAW Weather Measurement in Situ: Radiation, Temperature Air Humidity, Wind Speed and Rail Fall Reference-Evapotranspiration ETo (Penman-Monteith) 1,2 0,9 0,6 0,3 0,0 0,4 0,3 0,2 0,1 0,0 0,8 0,6 0,4 0,2 0,0 Fns, Salat Kc; Salat Growing Period[h] Root Profundity, Salat Growing Periodh] Growing Period Soil Water Balance in Root Profundity Hourly Calculation of the Reference-Evapotranspiration Calculation of the Crop-Evapo- Transpiration with the KC-Curve Avoid Water Stress in Sensitive Growing Stage and Save Water during no Sensitive Stage with the Fns-Factor Consideration of the Soil- Volumen in the Root Profundity Calculation of the Water- Deficit from Crop- Evapotranspiration and effective Rain Fall
34 Information Technology IT
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41 Precision Irrigation and Fertigation Technology -Goal To increase water-, energy and fertilizer efficiency of irrigated agriculture in the North China Plain Thank you very much
William Northcott Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Michigan State University. NRCS Irrigation Training Feb 2-3 and 9-10, 2010
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