Mineral oil Origin, production and composition Anna Hedelin, Nynas AB for CONCAWE 10 September 2013
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1 Mineral oil Origin, production and composition Anna Hedelin, Nynas AB for CONCAWE 10 September 2013
2 What is Mineral Oil? Wikipedia IARC Petroleum industry Origin non-vegetable (mineral) prepared from naturally occurring crude petroleum oil Production a distillate of petroleum Crude oil is distilled first at atmospheric pressure and then under high vacuum to yield vacuum distillates and residual fractions that can be further refined to mineral oils Apperance colorless, odorless Obtained from crude oil The chemical composition is set by manufacturing processes to satisfy a range of performance, physical and toxicological properties Hydrocarbon no range Boiling point range ( C) > Molecular structures mixtures of alkanes complex and variable mixtures of straight and branched-chain paraffinic, naphthenic (cycloparaffinic), and aromatic hydrocarbons Complex substances of hydrocarbon components; consists of alkanes (isoparaffincs), saturated cyclic alkanes (naphthenics), alkylated aromatics Synonyms imprecise, having been used to label many specific oils over the past few centuries. Other names, similarly imprecise, include white oil, liquid paraffin, and liquid petroleum. Baby oil refers to a perfumed MOCRINIS work-shop, mineral oil. Bologna Sept 10-11, 2013 base oils, mineral base oils or lubricant base oils Often considered as lubricant base oils or white oils
3 Mineral oil - definition No clear definition Petroleum industry: The chemical composition is set by manufacturing processes to satisfy a range of performance, physical and toxicological properties Obtained from crude oil Complex substances of hydrocarbon components: Consists of alkanes (isoparaffincs), saturated cyclic alkanes (naphthenics), alkylated aromatics Carbon number ranging from C15 to C50
4 Performance: Applications of mineral oils Fuel Heating Base oils Electrical Industry: insulating medium for transformers Lubricant Industry: main component Metal working fluids Lubricants and greases Chemical Manufacturing Industry: component of a material and/or part of a process Industrial Rubber Adhesives Printing Inks Tyre Industry: fine-tune and adjust final performance properties of the tyre like rolling resistance and traction Medicinal White Oils Cosmetic applications Pharmaceutical applications Food applications
5 Physical: Characterization of mineral oils Charateristics Diesel Marine bunker Base oil fuel Cetane number X - - Ash X - - Viscosity X X X Hydrocarbon distribution X X X Colour - - X Sulfur X X X UV absorption - - X
6 Mineral oil - definition No clear definition Petroleum industry: The chemical composition is set by manufacturing processes to satisfy a range of performance, physical and toxicological properties Obtained from crude oil Complex substances of hydrocarbon components: Consists of alkanes (isoparaffincs), saturated cyclic alkanes (naphthenics), alkylated aromatics Carbon number ranging from C15 to C50
7 Refining - distillation 2.phys.uaf.edu/212_spring2011.web.dir/kristine_od om/temp/10956/ftddrops/homepage.html
8
9 Refining conversion: hydrotreatment
10 Mineral oil - definition No clear definition Petroleum industry: The chemical composition is set by manufacturing processes to satisfy a range of performance, physical and toxicological properties Obtained from crude oil Complex substances of hydrocarbon components: Consists of alkanes (isoparaffincs), saturated cyclic alkanes (naphthenics), alkylated aromatics Carbon number ranging from C15 to C50
11 Mineral oil molecular structure Alkanes (Iso)Paraffinic oils Saturated cyclic alkanes Naphthenic oils Alkylated aromatics Aromatic oils (Poly Alfa Olefins (PAO)) Synthetic oils
12 Base oils The more refined the less hazardous product From technical oil to medical white oil Typical paraffinic oil molecule Typical naphthenic oil molecule Paraffinic White Oil molecule Naphthenic White Oil molecule
13 Mineral oil - definition No clear definition Petroleum industry: The chemical composition is set by manufacturing processes to satisfy a range of performance, physical and toxicological properties Obtained from crude oil Complex substances of hydrocarbon components: Consists of alkanes (isoparaffincs), saturated cyclic alkanes (naphthenics), alkylated aromatics Carbon number ranging from C15 to C50
14 Toxicological: Hazard characterization of base oils DMSO extraction, IP346 Analytical method to quantify extractable compounds in the mineral oil matrix by DMSO extraction Correlated to carcinogenicity in vivo for mineral oils Incorporated in current legislation on how to classify and label substances (CLP: 1272/2008) to differentiate between carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic mineral oils Individual quantification of identified PAH Chromatographic separation and quantification of individual PAHs Skin painting test In vivo test to assess the development of skin cancer caused by dermal application to a population of mice Modified Ames Test, ASTM E 1687 In vitro test (hamster livers needed) to assess the mutagenic potential of the substance Correlated to mutagenicity and indicator of carcinogenic potential of mineral oils
15 Petroleum industry, CONCAWE and the products The industry supply products that meet specifications Due to the number of petroleum products the industry have traditionally grouped the products and REACH allows for putting substances in categories: 18 categories ranging from gasoline to bitumen All data of these categories could be found in REACH dossier submitted in The hazard of the category is always described as worst-case, i.e. the most severe classification applies unless some criteria could be met i.e. IP346 for base oils Rerefined/regenerated (from waste) products are excempt from REACH since they should be the same substance as the virgin product
16 Summary Petroleum products originate from crude oil which is a complex combination of hydrocarbons extracted from the ground composition is linked to refinery history are refined to meet specification are put in 18 categories, from gasoline to bitumen Mineral oils have numerous definitions are substances and by nature also complex being derived from crude oil include many petroleum products and applications including fuel and medicinal white oils can range be less refined (only straight-run) to highly refined ( severely hydro-treated) composition and toxicity depend on the refining history Base oils are categorised as Lubricant Base Oils and Highly Refined Base oil Toxicity is linked to degree of refining
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