4. Users do not have to be concerned with how files are physically stored on a storage medium.

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1 Chapter 3: Storage TRUE/FALSE 1. With a CD, the storage medium and the storage device are permanently sealed together to form one piece of hardware called a fixed-media storage system. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: Storage devices can be internal (located inside the system unit), external (plugged into an external port on the system unit), or remote (located on another computer). ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: Storage media are volatile. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: Users do not have to be concerned with how files are physically stored on a storage medium. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: With rewritable optical media, the laser permanently alters the disc surface. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: Traditionally, the magnetic particles on a hard disk have been aligned vertically, perpendicular to the hard disk s surface. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: SSDs are an especially attractive option for portable computers and mobile devices. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: Flash memory storage systems are not subject to mechanical failures like hard drive and optical disc systems, and are therefore more resistant to shock and vibration. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: Tracking up data means creating a second copy of important files. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: While the memory used for disk caching can be a designated portion of RAM, today s hard drives typically use a disk cache consisting of memory chips located on a circuit board inside the hard drive case. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 103

2 11. Since retrieving data from memory is much faster than from the hard drive, disk caching can speed up performance. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: One reason advanced users may partition a primary hard drive is to be able to use two different operating systems on the same hard drive. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: Many new personal computers come with a C drive partition ready to use for programs and data and another logical drive set up as a recovery partition. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: Recordable optical discs can be written to, but the discs cannot be erased and reused. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: Flash memory media can be inserted into a reader in several ways. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: USB flash drives are designed to be very portable and very small. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: Online storage sites can be used as a place to store content you want to access while on the go. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: A common RAID technique is disk mirroring, in which data is written to two duplicate drives simultaneously. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: Virtually all computer users today need at least one convenient free USB port, in order to connect external hard drives, flash memory drives, and other storage hardware. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: Although cost is a factor when comparing similar devices, it is often not the most compelling reason to choose a particular technology. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 121 MODIFIED TRUE/FALSE 1. There are two parts to any storage system: the storage device and the storage processor.

3 ANS: F, storage medium PTS: 1 REF: Online storage systems accessed via the Internet have the advantage of being able to be accessed from any PC that has an Internet connection. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: RAM is volatile. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: With random access, the data can only be retrieved in the order in which it is physically stored on the medium. ANS: F, sequential PTS: 1 REF: Internal hard drives are not designed to be removed, unless they need to be repaired or replaced. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: One or more sectors form a(n) track, the smallest storage area on a hard disk. ANS: F, cluster PTS: 1 REF: When hard drives containing critical data become damaged, systems design firms may be able to help out. ANS: F, data recovery PTS: 1 REF: The most common internal hard drive interface standard for desktop computers today is serial ATA. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: Optical discs are thin circular discs made out of molded polycarbonate substrates. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: The process of recording data onto an optical disc is called tracking. ANS: F, burning

4 PTS: 1 REF: The data on a(n) read-only disc cannot be erased, changed, or added to, since the pits that are molded into the surface of the disc when the disc is produced are permanent. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: To record, erase, or overwrite rewritable optical discs, track change technology is used. ANS: F, phase change PTS: 1 REF: In terms of functionality, the distinction between NAS and HHDs is blurring, since they both provide storage services to the network. ANS: F SANs storage area networks storage area networks (SANs) SANs (storage area networks) PTS: 1 REF: Much more data can be stored on a(n) holographic disc than on a CD of the same physical size. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: Most storage servers are based on magnetic hard disks, although magnetic tape storage systems are also possible. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 119 MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. A is the hardware where data is actually stored. a. storage device c. storage processor b. storage memory d. storage medium ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: A storage medium is inserted into the appropriate to be read from or written to. a. storage processor c. board b. bay d. storage device ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: Usually the storage device and storage medium are two separate pieces of hardware (that is, the storage medium is ).

5 a. procurable c. removable b. static d. configurable ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: Regardless of how storage devices are connected to a computer, and/or names are typically assigned to each storage device. a. letters of the alphabet c. single-digit numbers b. vowels d. special characters ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: Some drive letters, such as the letter typically used with the primary hard drive, are usually consistent from computer to computer and do not change even if more storage devices are added to a computer. a. A c. C b. B d. H ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: means that data can be retrieved directly from any location on the storage medium, in any order. a. Indirect access c. Sequential access b. Random access d. Online access ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: Media that allow random access are sometimes referred to as media. a. optical c. addressable b. identifiable d. nonidentifiable ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: One type of storage device that is sometimes used with computers and that uses sequential access is a. a. hard drive c. compact card b. flash drive d. magnetic tape drive ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: Anything (such as a program, letter, digital photograph, or song) stored on a storage medium is referred to as a(n). a. label c. folder b. index d. file ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: To keep files organized, related documents are often stored in (also called directories) located on the storage medium. a. indexes c. folders b. labels d. programs ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: Data files are also often called. a. scripts c. databases

6 b. documents d. sheets ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: The line in the accompanying figure points to, which are used to organize related documents. a. files c. folders b. drives d. clipboards ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: External hard drives today typically connect to a computer via a USB or port. a. IrDA c. Bluetooth b. Firewall d. FireWire ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: Virtually all personal computers come with a(n) that is used to store most programs and data. a. hard drive c. Zip drive b. floppy drive d. external drive ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: Each hard disk is divided into pie-shaped groups of. a. tracks c. files b. clusters d. sectors ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 99

7 16. A, as shown in the accompanying figure, consists of a vertical stack of tracks, with the same relative track on each disk surface. a. sector c. cylinder b. segment d. section ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: A strategy for speeding up hard drive performance is. a. disk caching c. disk backing up b. disk tracking d. disk wiring ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: A is a place to store something temporarily. a. sector c. track b. cache d. tape ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: The time required to move the read/write heads to the cylinder that contains (or will contain) the desired data is called the. a. initial time c. data movement time b. rotational delay d. seek time ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: A partition contains the data necessary to restore a hard drive back to its state at the time the computer was purchased and is designed to be used only if the computer malfunctions. a. troubleshooting c. recovery b. malfunction d. dual-boot ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: Partitions are sometimes referred to as.

8 a. logical floppies c. logical drives b. cylinder drives d. partition sectors ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: The recommended file system for computers running current versions of Windows is. a. FAT c. NTFS b. FAT32 d. FAT64 ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: Conventional CD discs use lasers. a. red c. blue b. infrared d. violet ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: CD-ROM discs and DVD-ROM discs are optical discs and come prerecorded with commercial products. a. recordable c. write-only b. rewritable d. read-only ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: optical discs can be recorded on, erased, and overwritten just like magnetic disks. a. Erasable c. Rewritable b. Rereadable d. Recordable ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: devices are high-performance storage servers that are individually connected to a network to provide storage for the computers connected to that network. a. Network attached storage (NAS) b. Super network storage c. Holographic Storage d. RAID (redundant arrays of independent disks) ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: Some types of storage systems include remote storage, smart cards, and storage. a. Wi-Fi c. artificial intelligence b. satellite d. holographic ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: One technology for 3D storage systems that, after many years of research and development, is now a reality is. a. lithographic storage c. serigraphic storage b. holographic storage d. laser-graphic storage ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: Some smart cards today store data such as the characteristics of a fingerprint in the card and use that data to ensure the authenticity of the card s user before authorizing the smart card transaction. a. biometric c. optical

9 b. holographic d. biomagnetic ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: To record data, holographic storage systems split the light from a blue laser beam into beams. a. two c. five b. four d. ten ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: To read data, the reference beam projects the hologram containing the requested data onto a that reads the entire data page at one time. a. spacer c. header b. modulator d. detector ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: A is a separate piece of hardware containing multiple high-speed hard drives. a. storage server c. storage client b. storage drive d. storage base ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: provide(s) a method of storing data on two or more hard drives that work in combination to do the job of a larger drive. a. Storage Area Networks (SANs) b. RAID (redundant arrays of independent disks) c. Network Attached Storage (NAS) d. Holographic Storage ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: RAID 0 uses disk, which spreads files over several disk drives. a. burning c. clustering b. striping d. mirroring ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: Most computer tapes today are in the form of tapes, as shown in the accompanying figure. a. floppy c. optical b. flash d. cartridge ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 121 Case-Based Critical Thinking Questions

10 Case 3-1 Dan is a small business owner who depends on his computer to keep track of customer and sales data. He is investigating storage options because it is critical for him to ensure that his data is safe in the event of a computer failure. 36. A friend of Dan suggested to him that he can use an external hard drive for his data storage and backup needs. To use an external hard drive, Dan should make sure that his computer has an available USB or port. a. ScanDisk c. flash b. Zip d. FireWire ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 96 TOP: Critical Thinking 37. As Dan is very concerned about maintaining the security of his business data, he should look for an external hard drive that comes with built-in. a. zipping c. encryption b. sequential access d. holographic technology ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 96 TOP: Critical Thinking Case-Based Critical Thinking Questions Case 3-2 Rodney owns a computer that he uses to work, keep in touch with friends and family, watch movies, listen to music, and use the Internet. 38. If Rodney wants to record music files onto a CD, he needs to make sure that his operating system has CD- capabilities. a. mirroring c. hybrid b. burning d. striping ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 107 TOP: Critical Thinking 39. If Rodney wants to be able to record, erase, and overwrite the files on a CD, he should get a. a. CD-R c. CD-RW b. CD-HD d. CD-BD ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 109 TOP: Critical Thinking 40. Rodney wants to be able to easily carry files with him wherever he goes but he also has a tendency to lose things. Knowing this, he should probably save those files on a drive which he can then attach to his backpack. a. USB flash c. fusion b. hard d. CD ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 112 TOP: Critical Thinking COMPLETION 1. Being means that when you shut off power to a storage device, the data stored on that device s storage medium will still be there when you turn the device back on. ANS: nonvolatile

11 PTS: 1 REF: are hard drives that use flash memory technology instead of magnetic technology to store data. ANS: SSDs Solid-state drives Solid-state drives (SSDs) SSDs (Solid-state drives) PTS: 1 REF: In addition to tracks, sectors, and clusters, hard drives also have. ANS: cylinders PTS: 1 REF: A(n) hard drive is a hard drive that contains both a large amount of flash memory and magnetic hard disks. ANS: hybrid PTS: 1 REF: A(n) stores copies of data or programs that are located on the hard drive and that might be needed soon in memory chips in order to avoid having to retrieve the data or programs from the hard drive when they are requested. ANS: disk cache PTS: 1 REF: Partitioning a hard drive enables you to logically divide the physical capacity of a single drive into separate areas, called partitions or. ANS: volumes PTS: 1 REF: The cluster size, maximum drive size, and maximum file size are determined by the being used. ANS: file system PTS: 1 REF: To avoid confusion with the tracks or songs on an audio CD, the track on an optical disc is sometimes referred to as a(n).

12 ANS: groove PTS: 1 REF: Recordable CDs are referred to as discs. ANS: CD-R PTS: 1 REF: A(n) is a small card containing one or more flash memory chips, a controller chip, other electrical components, and metal contacts to connect the card to the device or reader with which it is being used. ANS: flash memory card PTS: 1 REF: The accompanying figure shows a(n) drive. ANS: USB flash USB flash memory flash jump thumb PTS: 1 REF: refers to using a storage device that is not connected directly to the user s computer. ANS: Remote storage PTS: 1 REF: When a remote device is accessed through a local network it is referred to as. ANS: network storage PTS: 1 REF: provide storage for a network, and consist of a separate network of hard drives or other storage devices.

13 ANS: SANs Storage area networks Storage area networks (SANs) SANs (Storage area networks) PTS: 1 REF: Some sites contain an automatic backup option in which the files in designated folders on your PC are uploaded to your online account at regular specified intervals. ANS: online storage PTS: 1 REF: A smart card can store a prepaid amount of, which can be used for purchases at a smart card-enabled vending machine or computer. ANS: digital cash PTS: 1 REF: Enterprise storage systems are usually so that additional hard drives can be added as needed. ANS: scalable PTS: 1 REF: The objective of disk mirroring is to increase. ANS: fault tolerance PTS: 1 REF: Levels beyond RAID 1 use some combination of disk striping and disk, with different types of error correction provisions. ANS: mirroring PTS: 1 REF: consists of plastic tape coated with a magnetizable substance that represents the bits and bytes of digital data, similar to magnetic hard disks. ANS: Magnetic tape PTS: 1 REF: 120 ESSAY

14 1. Discuss how storage media differ from RAM in terms of volatility. ANS: Conventional RAM is volatile so programs and documents held in RAM are erased when they are no longer needed by the computer or when the power to the computer is turned off. Storage media, however, are nonvolatile, so the data remains on the media even when the power to the computer or storage device is off. Consequently, storage media are used for anything that needs to be saved for future use. PTS: 1 REF: 94 TOP: Critical Thinking 2. What is the total time a hard drive takes to read or write data called, and what are the steps it requires? ANS: The total time that it takes for a hard drive to read or write data is called the disk access time and requires the following three steps: 1. Move the read/write heads to the cylinder that contains (or will hold) the desired data called seek time. 2. Rotate the disks into the proper position so that the read/write heads are located over the part of the cylinder to be used called rotational delay. 3. Move the data, such as reading the data from the disk and transferring it to memory, or transferring the data from memory and storing it on the disk called data movement time. PTS: 1 REF: 103 TOP: Critical Thinking 3. What does remote storage refer to? Describe some common types of remote storage. ANS: Remote storage refers to using a storage device that is not connected directly to the user s computer; instead, the device is accessed through a local network or through the Internet. Using a remote storage device via a local network (referred to as network storage) works in much the same way as using local storage (the storage devices and media that are directly attached to the user s computer). Remote storage devices accessed via the Internet are often referred to as online storage or cloud storage. PTS: 1 REF: TOP: Critical Thinking 4. What is a smart card? Describe some common features and uses of smart cards. ANS:

15 A smart card is a credit card-sized piece of plastic that contains computer circuitry and components typically a processor, memory, and storage. Smart cards today store a relatively small amount of data (typically 64 KB or less) that can be used for payment or identification purposes. For example, a smart card can store a prepaid amount of digital cash, which can be used for purchases at a smart card-enabled vending machine or PC the amount of cash available on the card is reduced each time the card is used. Smart cards are also commonly used worldwide for national and student ID cards; credit and debit cards; and cards that store loyalty system information (frequent flyer points, for example), identification data for accessing facilities or computer networks, or an individual s medical history and health insurance information for fast treatment and hospital admission in an emergency. Although these applications have used conventional magnetic stripe technology in the past, the processor integrated into a smart card can perform computations such as to authenticate the card and encrypt the data on the card to protect its integrity and secure it against unauthorized access and data can be added to the card or modified on the card as needed. PTS: 1 REF: TOP: Critical Thinking 5. What kind of applications are holographic data storage systems suited for? ANS: Holographic data storage systems are particularly suited to applications in which large amounts of data need to be stored or retrieved quickly, but rarely changed, such as for business data archiving, high-speed digital video delivery, and image processing for medical, video, and military purposes. PTS: 1 REF: 118 TOP: Critical Thinking