Geographic features of Africa

Transcription

1 Sahara Desert covers 1/4 of African continent, lies in the North Sahel a fragile grassland that lies just south of the Sahara Desert, prone to desertification Congo River Basin is a breeding ground for disease carrying insects such as mosquitos & TseTse fly Savanna vast, dry grasslands that cover much of sub Saharan Africa Victoria Falls, located on the Zambezi River is worlds largest by volume waterfall Geographic features of Africa Great Rift Valley lies along the eastern plateau, where oldest known human remains were found Some areas covered in jungle forest with dense undergrowth Tropical Rainforest located along the Equator in the Congo River Basin Nile River in Northeast Africa is the longest river in the world Two southern deserts are the Namib and the Kalahari

2 Equator Physical Features of Africa

3 Opening Assignment Africa Vocabulary: Choose 24 of the following terms and randomly place on your BINGO sheet. Leave room to define the terms or define them on the back. Plateau Sahara Sahel Savanna Tropical Rainforest Jungle Congo Basin Great Rift Valley Bantu Bantu Migration Oral Tradition Griots Matrilineal Kush Aksum King Ezana Swahili Great Zimbabwe Shona Ghana Tunka Manin Soninke Mali Mansa Musa Timbuktu Sonni Ali Songhai Mohammed I Askia Sundiata

4 Opening Assignment Reasons for Migration

5 Causes of the Bantu Migration Sahel region prone to desertification (becoming more desert like) Overpopulation, more people than food supply can support Seeking land for farming/agriculture Bantu people spread throughout Sub Saharan Africa Seeking natural resources Seeking increased avenues for trade

6 Bantu Migration Patterns Equator Shade where the Bantu originate. Draw arrows to indicate where the Bantu migrated.

7 Impact of the Bantu Migrations spread and evolution of the Bantu language throughout Sub-Saharan Africa spread of Bantu culture as evidenced by folk tales, (Griots) Bantu peoples migrate throughout Sub Saharan Africa development of agriculture in Sub-Saharan Africa & spread of farming techniques hybridization of crops and introduction of new crops to new areas development towns and villages in areas previously inhabited by nomadic hunter-gatherers spread of tools and weapons made of iron

8 "Headliner" On a separate sheet of paper, write a 1 2 phrase news headline explaining the connection of trade routes and migration patterns.

9 Thinking Like a Historian Language Diffusion Learn about cultural values Evidence of cross cultural interactions Evidence of agricultural development Evidence of a complex society mixing of different words and grammar structures between multiple languages folk tales and stories passed down from generation to generation (oral traditions), the Griots (traditional African story tellers) Musical instruments from Asia Trade goods from different areas such as India & Asia Blending of religious ideas Hybridization of different crops Introduction of crops from different areas (ex. bananas from Asia to Africa) complex towns & villages ability to smelt iron highly organized governments

10 R E L I G I O N Opening Assignment

11 Discovering Sub Saharan Africa's Past Language & Literature Cross Cultural Exchange Agricultural Developments Most people spoke some form of Bantu language Limited early development of a written language History passed down from generation to generation through oral tradition Griots traditional African story tellers Engaged in trade, so goods from on part of Africa ended up scattered throughout Africa Engaged in trade with India and Arabian peninsula. Evidenced by introduction of goods and ideas from the East Islam brought to Africa, thrives in North, West, and East Africa Christianity brought to the Ethiopian Highlands Traditional religions blended with Islam and Christianity to create religious hybrids Iron work spreads throughout the region Settled agriculture developed among Bantu people in west Africa, spread during the Bantu migration introduction of new agricultural species from India, Arabia, etc (ex. Banana) hybridization of crops occurs (combing two different species of a plant to create a new plant with a specific characteristic)

12 small villages and towns Page 186 usually develop along rivers or the coastline Settlements bound together by kinship (family) bonds larger cities develop along important trading routes/ports were the primary food providers Patterns of Life the Culture of Sub Saharan Africa were matrilineal - property passed down via the female line from mother to daughter Role of Women worked the farm believed that spirits inhabited all things Governing & Authority decisions usually made by village elders most believed in a supreme "creator" god believed in ancestor worship Religious Beliefs were polytheistic nature & religion very closely linked together

13 Opening Assignment On a sheet of paper, list everything you already know about Ancient Egypt and civilizations along the Nile River

14 Kush located in region of Nubia capitals of Napata & Meroe governed by pharaohs Briefly conquered by the Assyrians Meroe was an important iron working center heavily influenced by Egyptians along the Nile River benefited from trade between the Red Sea and the Nile River Aksum located in the Ethiopian Highlands conquered Kush region prone to frequent drought resulting in periodic famines Became a Christian kingdom during the reign of King Ezana

15 Opening Assignment 1. Covered 1/4 of the African continent. 2. Location of the African Rainforest 3. People who migrated throughout Sub Saharan Africa 4. Longest river in Africa 5. Storytellers 6. Region where Kush was located 7. Religion adopted by King Enzana in Aksum 8. Kush city known for iron production 9. Capital of Kush 10. People who took over and controlled Kush for 500 years Rub al Khali (a desert) Ethiopian Highlands Griots Congo River Nile River Bantu Persians Islam Minstrals Congo Basin Nubia Christianity Napata Meroe Egyptians Namib Desert Sahara Desert Kalahari Desert

16 Use Pages Kingdoms of Africa Features of Africa Mark and label the following cities: > Napata > Meroe > Aksum > Timbuktu > Goa > Mogadishu > Mombasa > Kilwa Kush Aksum Great Zimbabwe Swahili States Region Ghana Mali Songhai

17 East African Trading States Swahili States Great Zimbabwe Location in Africa located along the Eastern African coastlines Located in SE Africa between the Zambezi River and the Indian Ocean Important Features Important Achievements a series of independent trading city states culture & language was a combination of Bantu, Arabic, & Persian engaged in large scale overseas trade in the Indian Ocean built large cities (Mogadishu, Kilwa, Mombasa, etc. Founded by the Shona people controlled the gold trade in SE Africa major port city on the east African coastline created a great walled city covering 60+ acres & surrounded by a fortified stone wall

18 West African Trading States State Location in Africa Important Features Important Accomplishments Ghana Mali Located in West Africa, between Niger River and the Atlantic Ocean in the Sahel region Successor to Ghana, West Africa along Niger River & to the north established by the Soninke peoples, main cities of Kumbi, traded gold for salt, highly organized political sys. Islam was main religion Engaged in the salt gold trade Built large trading cities developed agriculture along Niger, had extensive trade networks, able to smelt iron, built large army (Tunka Manin) Timbuktu became major Islamic cultural center Expanded arts and education in West Africa Pilgrimage (Hajj) of Mansa Musa to Mecca Songhai On the Niger River in West Africa Highly organized government, created a navy, engaged in saltgold trade, Islamic Cities of Goa & Timbuktu become cultural & economic centers in Islamic World, continued expansion of education & creation of universities

19 Influential Leaders of Africa Sundiata First king of Mali (nickname Lion King of Mali) United the Mandinka peoples into a single kingdom Converts to Islam, bringing Islam to the Malian people Established a strong military to protect the goldto salt trading routes in West Africa King of Mali Mansa Musa known for his hajj to Mecca w/ a massive caravan (60,000+ people & 80 camels carrying gold & gifts) Built libraries, mosques, & universities Timbuktu becomes an important Islamic cultural center Expands education throughout west Africa Gave away so much gold during his hajj, he devalued gold in these areas

20 Opening Assignment Sundiata Mansa Musa

21 1. Tunka Manin 2. Mohammad I Askia 3. Sonni Ali 4. Mansa Musa 5. Sundiata 6. King Ezana Opening Assignment What did the following people do? 1. Tunka Manin Ghanan king who built a massive army to protect the gold salt trade in Ghana 2. Mohammad I Askia King of Songhai who continued Mansa Musa' s tradition of building up Timbuktu as an important economic and cultural center in west Africa. 3. Sonni Ali King of Songhai who built a large navy for the purpose of protecting trade on the Niger River, Lake Chad, and along the West African coastlines. 4. Mansa Musa King of Mali who built schools, libraries, mosques, universities; built up Timbuktu into a major cultural center, and went on an epic hajj to Mecca 5. Sundiata United the Malinke people to create the kingdom of Mali 6. King Ezana king of Aksum who converted to Christianity, bringing the religion to the Ethiopian highlands

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