Solar and Wind Development Projects in South East Asia (Implementation Experiences and Lessons Learned) June 3 rd, 2011

Transcription

1 Solar and Wind Development Projects in South East Asia (Implementation Experiences and Lessons Learned) June 3 rd, 2011

2 Presentation outline 1 Solar & wind potential in SEA 2 Technology and system overview 3 The project development process Wind and Solar Systems in Thailand - Opportunity and Market Development 4 5 Key components of a PV & wind farm Key risks/issues to beware of and the mitigation measures, particularly in Thailand 6 Case studies on PV and wind project developments 2

3 Global variations in irradiation 3

4 Solar power Wind Power The PV project development process 10 good reasons to switch to solar photovoltaic electricity 1. The fuel is free 2. It produces no noise, harmful emissions or polluting gases 3. PV systems are very safe and highly reliable 4. The energy pay-back time of a module is constantly decreasing 5. PV Modules can be recycled and therefore the materials reused in the production 6. It requires low maintenance 7. It brings electricity to remote rural areas 8. It can be aesthetically integrated in buildings (BIPV) 9. It creates thousands of jobs 10. It contributes to improving the security of Asia's energy supply 4

5 Current solar power status Quarterly Module Supply/Demand Annual PV installed capacity Unit: MW 5

6 Current solar power status PV module price experience curve Evolution of prices of large PV systems 6

7 PV applications The photovoltaic technology can be used in several types of applications: Grid-connected domestic systems Consumer goods Off-grid systems for rural electrification Off-grid industrial applications Grid-Connected Power Plants Solar Farms also known as PV farms, BIPV and roof- top PV systems or so called largescale centralized PV grid connected systems produce electricity from the sun and sell the electricity to the utility grid. 7

8 Keep it simple and sustainable Environmental friendly: for each kwh of electricity produced, 0.5 kg of CO2 are avoided Virtually maintenance free and reliable technology providing with predictable and un-interrupted output for more than 20 years solar radiation photovoltaic modules direct current inverter alternative current public grid 8

9 Modules 9

10 Centralized or decentralized system design? Decentralized System Design Suitable for systems in the lower MW range Easy to install Less complicated to maintain Especially suitable for systems with different integrated solar generator types High output efficiencies Centralized System Design Suitable for systems in the multi-mw range More cost efficient for large scale power plants Especially suitable for systems with homogeneous solar generator types High output efficiencies 10

11 Mounting systems Fix system 1-axis 2-axis Output 100% 115 % 125% Occupied area 100% % 200% Maintenance Cost 100% 106% 120% 11

12 Monitoring and control Monitoring of central inverters, tracking system and connection boxes Readout of inverter and string data Shows system status of all components and initiates alarm Internet portal Analysis software Alarm function 12

13 The PV project development process 1 st Step: Pre-Development l l l l Find reliable power purchaser and/or markets Determine the pre-feasibility and expected output Obtain all licenses like for example: PPA, grid connection and other local licenses Secure the land; buy or lease decision 2 nd Step: Technical l l l l Select the most efficient technology for the chosen location Find a reliable turn-key contractor Obtain binding proposals Select all suppliers and contractors 3 rd Step: Finance l l l l Prepare a full feasibility study and business plans Establish access to capital and banks Sign all finance related contracts Sign EPC contract and order all components 4 th Step: Implementation l l l l System installation Secure agreements to meet all O&M needs Connect the system to the grid Finalize all documents and approvals to start the actual electricity sales 13

14 Key risk factors and mitigation strategies for PV projects in ASEAN Project Phase Key Risks Mitigation Strategies Technical Special component certification requirements by the local authorities Grid-connection related problems Component supply shortages Select only components which fullfill all local requirements Build a close relationship the local grid owner Use strong suppliers and EPC partners Financial Banks have limited experiences in PV debt financing, structures and risks Special country related documentation is normally needed There is only a limited amount of equity investors for PV projects in Asia Early relationship building with the bank is crucial Detailed, creditable and in-depth documentation Early relationship building with possible equity partners is a crucial Government Local suppliers could be protected by high duties or other regulations High country and political risks Higher risk for sudden changes in the subsidy policies Use of local suppliers for keycomponents Use of local banks and investors Use of local government funding and support 14

15 24MW SinAnSolar PV power plant case sample Location: Sinan-gun, Jeolla-do, South Korea Project Area: 660,000 m2 Annual Output: 33,000 MWh/ 7,200 HH equivalent System Type: Single Axis Tracking System Module Type Conergy 180W Crystalline 108,864 modules 3rdParty 200W Crystalline 21,792 modules Construction Period: May 2007 through September 2008 EPC Contractor: Dong Yang Engineering The SinAnpower plant is the largest PV facility in South Korea The world s largest solar power plant with tracking systems. 15

16 Project Name: Thailand 3 MW Power Plant Location: Thailand Project Area: 69,000 m2 Expected Annual Output: 4,463 MWh/year System Type: Fixed Decentralized System Module Type: Thin Film 40,068 Modules Construction Period: 1 Phase: 3 months 2 Phase: 5 months EPC Contractor: Annex Power (Thailand) One of the largest commercial PV power plants currently under construction in SEA 16

17 Project Name: Thailand MWp Power Plant Location: Thailand Size: MWp Project Area: 43,000 m2 Expected Annual Output: 3,500 MWh/year System Type: Fixed Decentralized System Under Construction Module Type: Polycrystalline,10,800 Modules Construction Period: 6 months Annex Power Function: EPC and O&M Year of Execution:

18 Global wind power... 18

19 Wind Resource Atlas of Southeast Asia (World Bank AWS) Mean Annual Wind Speed at 30 Meters Mean Annual Wind Speed at 65 Meters 19

20 World markets of large scale wind systems GWEC 2007 Report 20

21 Technical advances Turbines A general clear trend is the development of even larger multi-megawatt turbines Up-to 3MW for onshore locations Up-to 6MW for off-shore locations Enercon 6MW and REpower 5MW 21

22 Technical advances This steady turbine growth led to the following new developments: Use of new composite materials like carbon and new design adaptations for blades Increase in blades sizes to increase the swept area and energy yields of new and existing turbine types Use of new advanced gear boxes and geared drive solutions More use of direct-drive generators However increasing sizes cause wide generator diameters of more than 10 meters This led to first developments which use permanent magnets without cooper windings, which can reduce the direct-drive generator size by half Hybrid direct-drive turbines using a low-speed generator with a single stage drive system New control system like disturbance accommodating control DAC Enercon Enercon 22

23 Technical advances New Tower Designs Standard tubular steel towers have reached their limits, because of transportable dimensions for inland locations and raising cost Lettuce tower cause higher maintenance cost, dynamic problems and a difficult access to the turbine. This led to the introduction of new hybrid towers based on a combination of pre-fabricated long concrete parts for the lower part of the tower and pre-fabricated tubular steel used for the upper part of the tower These new hybrid towers can reach height far above 100m hub heights Other new concepts include telescoping or self erecting towers Composites are an additional material under study for wind turbine towers Advanced wind park condition-monitoring-systems Wind farms and turbines are now remotely and continuously monitored Technical problems will be detected earlier and parts can be exchanged before a total turbine failure occurs This reduces cost and increases the returns of a wind farm REpower 23

24 Remaining technical challenges The trend to bigger turbines causes more logistical and construction challenges and rising cost for special cranes, trucks, etc. The trend to off-shore farms creates a totally new set of challenges: All systems have to be much more reliable and adapted to the harsh marine conditions Logistics and installation is much more difficult The wind industry has to compete with the oil industry for the same installation resources The trend of increased blade sizes even on existing turbine types may cause even higher fatigue on the shaft and gear systems and even on the blades themselves The trend to higher towers creates new practical O&M challenges REpower Rotec 24

25 Grid related challenges Wind power is more difficult to predict than conventional power supply or even other renewable energy sources and this might lead to several challenges: In the past it was assumed that high wind farm penetration would lead to a high need for large spinning reserves to secure the frequency of the grid Several studies have shown that this is actually not the case wind changes normally occur very smoothly over hours High percentage of wind penetration could also lead to curtailment challenges It can also be assumed that wind farms will normally not have a negative effect on the power quality inside the transmission system via flicker or voltage dips, etc. Large amounts of wind farms in a given transmission system have to be closely interconnected and supported by efficient forecasting and SCADA systems 25

26 Lessons learned 10 main steps in building a successful multi-mw wind farm 1. Understand your wind resources 2. Determine the proximity to existing transmission lines, roads, national parks, etc. 3. Secure access to the desired land 4. Establish access to capital 5. Identify reliable power purchaser or markets 6. Address siting and project feasibility considerations 7. Understand wind energy s economics 8. Obtain zoning and permitting expertise 9. Establish dialogue with turbine manufacturers and project developers 10. Secure agreements to meet O&M needs 26

27 Solar power Wind Power Lessons learned in SEA General challenges: The wind resource assessment becomes even more crucial in SEA, because only limited solid wind data are currently available The limited regions in SEA with sufficient wind resources are often in locations like national parks, on mountain tops or off-shore, which makes a wind farm development often impossible or just to expensive A suitable grid connection is often not available in these high wind resource areas First mover challenges: Difficulties to secure reliable O&M contracts, because no major wind turbine company has a local O&M set-up at this point of time Difficulties to receive international funding 27

28 Multi-MW case samples in Philippines Location: Soltau, Germany Start of operation: Siemens Wind Turbines Output: 23.6 MW Park covers electricity needs of 10,250 households 28

29 Multi-MW case samples in Vietnam Location: Commune Binh Thach Tuy Phong - Binh ThuanSome, Vietnam Start of operation: x1.5 MW Wind Turbines Output: 30 MW Cost = US$ 80 M 29

30 Multi-MW case samples in Thailand Location: Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand Start of operation: x1.25 MW Wind Turbines Output: 3 MW Cost = US$ M 30

31 Multi-MW case samples in Thailand Location: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand Start of operation: x1.5 MW Wind Turbines (a 250-kW turbine nearby) Output: 1.5 MW Worth about Bt10 million per year The country's largest wind turbine 31

32 Multi-MW case samples in Thailand Location: Phetchabun, Thailand Start of operation: Developing 26x2.3 MW Wind Turbines Output: 60 MW Cost = US$ 4,270 M 32

33 YOUR RENEWABLE ENERGY PARTNER IN SOUTH EAST ASIA For additional information please contact Mr. Daniel Gaefke at or via telephone: +66 (0)